Language Production
Language production is the cognitive processes 
that convert non-verbal communication 
intentions into verbal action.  
 Language production involves 2 simultaneous 
process: the thought process and the speech 
process.  
 Language production also devided into four 
stages: conceptualization, formulation, 
articulating, and self-monitoring 
Conceptualization 
  In thise stage, we conceptualize what we wish 
to communicate. 
How speech is first conceptualized in 
the human mind? 
David McNeill 
Syntactic  
thinking 
Imagistic 
thinking 
spawns the sequence of 
words which we typically 
think of when we talk 
about how language is 
initiated. 
creates a more holistic and 
visual mode of 
communication. 
How speech is first conceptualized in 
the human mind? 
David McNeill 
Syntactic  
thinking 
Imagistic 
thinking 
Both collaborate 
to conceptualize 
conversation 
Self-Monitoring 
  In this stage, we monitor our speech; 
assessing whether it is what we intended to 
say and whether we say it the way we 
intended to do. 
Example: 
I. The last I knowed about it (I mean I knew it), 
he had left Vancouver 
II. She was  so drank (I mean drunk), that we 
decided to drive her home. 
Production process, both verbal or written, 
sometimes goes awry and speakers/writers will 
verbally misstep, especially irregular and 
unusual form. 
  S. Pit Corder classified this slips of the tongue 
or the pen as mistakes 
1. Speakers are constantly self editing  
2. Speakers are intuitively sensitive to what stage 
of the production process went awry,if indeed a 
mistake was made.  
3. It proves Chomskys contention that there is a 
distinction between performance and 
competence. 
The fact is that speakers can monitor and 
quickly correct any mistakes in linguistic output.  
That fact revels 3 insight into the production 
process: 
1. Backtracking and beginning the utterance 
all over again.  
2. Retreating a few syllables or words to the 
linguistic juncture in the utterance where 
plans began to fall apart, and renew the 
sentence from that point. 
The kinds of self-repair: