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Key Concept: Ionic bonds form when electrons are
_________ from one atom to another atom. transferred Like all chemical bonds, ionic bonds form so that the ________ ______ _____ of the atoms in the bonds are filled. outermost energy levels In an ionic bond, one atom has ____ electrons. lost The other atom has ______ electrons. gained 2. Atoms will lose or gain electrons to have 8 electrons in their _____ ______ level. Wants to lose 1 electron Wants to gain 1 electron outer energy sodium chlorine This is a happy atom! REMEMBER, 3, A transfer of electrons between atoms changes the ______of electrons in each atom. number But the number of _______ stays the ____ in each atom. protons The atoms become ____. ions same 4. Ions are ______ _______that form when atoms gain or lose electrons. If an ion has more protons than electrons, it is a _______ ion. If an ion has more electrons than protons, it is a _______ ion. charged particles positive negative Atoms that lose electrons form ______ ___ because these atoms have ____ ______than electrons. There are more positive charges than negative charges. The net charge on these ions is _______. positive positive ions more protons 6. Atoms of most metals have ___ electrons in their outermost energy level. When _____ _____ bond with other atoms, they tend to lose these valence electrons and form ______ ____. positive ions metal atoms few The chemical symbol for the aluminum ion is Al 3+. 7. When an atom loses electrons, _____ is needed to overcome the attraction of the electrons to the protons in the nucleus. The metals in Groups 1 and 2 react _____ because the energy needed to remove electrons from their atoms is so _____. energy easily small Atoms that gain electrons form ______ ___ because these atoms have ____ _______ than protons. There are more negative charges than positive charges. The net charge on these ions is _______. negative negative ions more electrons 9. Atoms of most nonmetals have _____ ___ outermost energy levels. When _______ _____ bond with other atoms, they tend to gain electrons to fill their outermost level and form ______ ____. negative ions nonmetal atoms almost full The chemical symbol for the oxide ion is O 2- .
10. Atoms of most nonmetals ___ their outermost energy level by ______ _______. Energy is _____ ___ by most nonmetal atoms when they ____ electrons. fill given off gain The ____ _____ an atom gains an electron, the ____ _____ the atom releases. The _______, such as fluorine and chlorine, are ___ _______ because they release a ____ ______ of energy. gaining electrons more easily more energy halogens very reactive large amount An ____ ____ forms because of the strong forces of ________ between the ______ ____ ___ and the _______ ______ ___. ionic bond attraction positive metal ions negative nonmetal ions The _______ ______of the ions causes the ions to ____ _______. opposite charges stick together When a metal and a nonmetal combine by ionic bonding, the _______ _______ has ________ ________ than the metal and nonmetal did. resulting compound different properties The ions that make up an ionic compound are bonded in a repeating three-dimensional pattern called a _____ _____. crystal lattice The crystal lattice is built up so that the positive ions are _______to the negative ions. nearest brittle solids at room temperature high melting points very high boiling points break apart when hit with a hammer magnesium oxide melts at 2,800
C high solubility in water sea water tastes salty because it has sodium chloride and many other ionic compounds dissolved in it
