The document discusses ultrasonic testing methods, specifically the pulse echo method and through transmission technique. The pulse echo method uses a single crystal probe that emits and receives ultrasonic waves perpendicularly into a specimen to detect flaws. The through transmission technique uses two probes, one as an emitter and the other as a receiver, to compare sound intensity in flawless and flawed specimens by detecting reductions in signal that indicate defects. Both methods aim to determine the presence, size, and depth of flaws in materials.
Copyright:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
The document discusses ultrasonic testing methods, specifically the pulse echo method and through transmission technique. The pulse echo method uses a single crystal probe that emits and receives ultrasonic waves perpendicularly into a specimen to detect flaws. The through transmission technique uses two probes, one as an emitter and the other as a receiver, to compare sound intensity in flawless and flawed specimens by detecting reductions in signal that indicate defects. Both methods aim to determine the presence, size, and depth of flaws in materials.
The document discusses ultrasonic testing methods, specifically the pulse echo method and through transmission technique. The pulse echo method uses a single crystal probe that emits and receives ultrasonic waves perpendicularly into a specimen to detect flaws. The through transmission technique uses two probes, one as an emitter and the other as a receiver, to compare sound intensity in flawless and flawed specimens by detecting reductions in signal that indicate defects. Both methods aim to determine the presence, size, and depth of flaws in materials.
Copyright:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
The document discusses ultrasonic testing methods, specifically the pulse echo method and through transmission technique. The pulse echo method uses a single crystal probe that emits and receives ultrasonic waves perpendicularly into a specimen to detect flaws. The through transmission technique uses two probes, one as an emitter and the other as a receiver, to compare sound intensity in flawless and flawed specimens by detecting reductions in signal that indicate defects. Both methods aim to determine the presence, size, and depth of flaws in materials.
Copyright:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
You are on page 1/ 10
Ultrasonic Testing Methods
PULSE ECHO METHOD
US projected perpendicularly into the specimen-generally longitudinal waves With single crystal probe acts as emitter and receiver at the same time CRT indicate transmission pulse, backwall echo and flaw echo
small defect large defect
0 10 100%
20
30
40
50
0 10 100%
20
30
40
50
0 10 100%
20
30
40
50
Backwall echo Backwall echo
50% 50% 50%
Defect echo 0 % 0 % 0 %
Defect echo
Defect free specimen
Specimen with small defect
Specimen with large defect
Anything that reflect sound wave is called reflector (e.g defect and backsurface) Flaw size indicated by the signal height Flaw depth indicated by by echo position on the time base If no flaw-only transmission pulse and backwall echo presented.
Through Transmission Technique
T Defect free specimen
Oldest method in UT Use 2 probes one as emitter another as receiver compare sound intensity from flawless and with flaw signal flaw shade the sound energy Reduction or loss of signal indicates the presence of defect
Specimen with small defect
Specimen with large defect
Through Transmission Technique
Defect free specimen
normally large flaw shade more energy Normally applied for large ingot and castings inspection (attenuation is high) limitations: variation of amplitude due to couplant and different geometries of sample Require good coupling and alignment between transducer And receiver no information on the depth and size of flaw
Specimen with small defect
Specimen with large defect
Piezoelectric transducer
Probe normally excited by voltage pulse of less than 10sec duration Pulse consists of band of frequency with maximum amplitude at resonance frequency of the transducer
TRANSDUCER CONSTRUCTION PROBE CONSISTS OF: PIEZOELECTRIC CRYSTAL BACKING MATERIAL
CASE TO HOLD PROBE
OFTEN INCORPORATE A WEAR PLATE TO PROTECT THE MATCHING LAYER AND ACTIVE ELEMENT FROM SCRATCH. TRANSDUCER CROSS SECTION
Backing material
Function Holding firm the crystal in place Damping the vibration thus avoid ringinglike shock absorber on automobile Absorb sound propagated by the back side of the crystal, thus eliminate backward vibration Sensitivity:ability to obtain maximum response from a small discontinuity Resolution: ability to define closely associated small discontinuities
