B
132
N8M27
A
:
MAHESACHANDRA NYAYARATNA
BR lEF NOTES ON THE
4 9
MODERN NYAYA SYSTEM OF PHILOSOPHY AND ITS
TECHNICAL TERMS
4
1
8
1
\ -
THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES
1/
BRIEF NOTES ON THE MODERN NYAYA SYSTEM OF PHILOSOPHY AND ITS TECHNICAL TERMS.
BY
MAHAMAHOPADHYAY MAHESA CHANDRA NYAYARATNA,
C.
1.
E.
Hare Press
Calcutta.
The Library
University of California, Los Angeles
The
gift
of Mrs.
Cummings, 1 963
f/*-
Brief Notes on the Modern Nya'ya System of
Philosophy and
its
Technical Terms.
'T^HE
^?T
term Nyaya
(to go)
is
composed
(^by
of f^ (with certainty\ i or
and means literally the method of coming with certainty [to a conclusion]. As used in Hindu Philosophy it means the syllogism. Gotama is the earliest writer who treats of the syllogism and his work, the
which),
;
and
Gautama-Sutra (aphorisms of Gotama), and those of writers
who
discuss philosophical questions according to
not,
his
method,
whether they discuss the syllogism or
system of philosophy.
make up
the
Nyaya
Nyaya philosophy may be divided
Ancient Nyaya
all
into ancient
and modern.
treats not only of the
syllogism,
but discusses
sorts
of questions,
physical
and metaphysical, applying,
method.
where necessary, the
regards
the
subjects
syllogistic
Modern Nyaya,
to
as
of discussion,
it
makes no departure from
itself
the
ancient.
Rather,
restricts
fewer subjects;
209'^592
I
a
but those
precision
it
discusses,
it
discusses wiih a nicety and
It lays
it
minute
stress
unknown
to ancient Nyaya.
particular
at
on a
strict
definition
of
term:s,
and
aims
ascertaining
precisely even the
meanings of
expressions
in
common
in
use
and so
intelligible to all.
For example,
ifrcTtfr" (I.
Gotama,
1-2-3.)
putting
forth his aphorism, "^r^fT^'^ai:
it
does not think
of
necessary that
he should attempt any elucidation
ufcT^r
1
the
too-,
meaning of the term
His
earlier
commentators
attempt.
Pakshila Svamin and others,
make no such
discussion
?jr'^f*T'i"si
Gangesa
Nyaya,
Upadhyaya, the founder of the uTodern school of
enters
upon
lengthy
about
is
the
meaning
as
of
Hf^T'sTT,
remarking that
of
TTf?{=WT,
inadequate
characteristic
for,
^i^^TrT^^at might be understood
sgiw.
as simply meaning,
points.
naming the
forth
He
as
notices also other
of MTm^]
He
puts
the
following
the
characteristit
Raghunatha Siromani improves upon the above thus
XfgFicI5?n^n^^
^f^
!TiicTTgf*lfciq'^f^9I'ssT^^lficTTgfflfcT^T^IT^R^-
Then
greater
points,
follows Gadadhara,
who
discusses
the
question
at
length
than his predecessors, bringing out several nice
at last to the following
and comes
conclusion
13]
H^TTcn^q^cTT^^"^^T^f^^fq-arBJIcTrfH^fqcT^T>2IcTT^^'?^?^jiff^^-
An
old
Nyiya
wo-ik
lays
down
this
"^jsqfvr'gRfTig
or "^ir^sTTWT^
i
(invariable connection) as the characteristic attribute of ^ifff
Gangesa Upadhyaya thinks
cient,
characterisation
:
insufti-
and so he
delivers himself as follov/s
Raghunatha Siromani improves upon Gangesa's
tion thus
;
elucida-
He
a'nd
is
followed
by Bhavananda,
Mathunlnatha, J^gadisa
his
Gadadhara, each with some improvement of
is
own.
]agadisa's conclusion
as follows:
A
Nyaya.
hair-splitting
is,
subtlety
in
the
discussion
of
meanings
of terms
thus, the
distinguishing characteristic of
is
modern
Notwithtraining
Poverty of matter
its
great
it
drawback.
standing this drawback,
however,
is
aa
exccll-cnt
[
for the intellect, which,
4
its
I disciphne, acquires a
all
under
is
is
power
of
precise
thinking that
it
beyond
works
;
price.
Without a
thoroughly
study of
modern Nyaya
certain
impossible,
again,
to
understand
Sanskrit
on Philosophy,
example,
Law,
Rhetoric and even
a
Grammar
for
the Chitsttkhi^
treatise
commentary by Chitsukhachdryya on Nydyamakarajida ( on the Vedanta philosophy by A'nandabodha), the DdyabhdgaprabodJiim^ a commentary by Srikrishna Tarkdon Ddyabhdga
the
(
lanka'ra
treatise
on the Hindu Law
a
of
Inheritance),
Kdvyaprakdsddarsa,
Mahesvara
Rhetoric),
Nya'ylanka'ra
on
commentary Kdiynprakdsa ( a work
(
by
on
and Paribhdsendusekhara and Maiijusa
Bhatta.
works on
Grammar) by Na'gesa
The
the
Sutras of
Gotama, the Bhdshya of Pakshila Sva'min,
Tdtparyya-tikd
Vartika of Udyotaka'ra A'cha'ryya, the
of Va'chaspati Misra, the Tdtparyya-tikd-Prastiddhi of
A'cha'ryya
fall
under the head of ancient Nya'ya.
Udayana The works
on Vaiseshika philosophy, with the exception of
as Miiktdvali,
a few, such
may
also
be
included under the same head.
lived
All the works
in
on Nyaya from Gangesa's, who
century,
probably
lived
in
the
14th
down
17th
to
Gada'dhara's,
who
the latter end of the
century,
come under
the head of
modern Nya'ya.
Gangesa Upa'dhya'ya was a native of Mithila' (north-eastern
Beha'r;.
He
the
work
(
is
founded the modern school of Nya'ya. His great Tattva-Chmtdmani of which the subject is iWTir
sixteen categories
laid
proof), one of the
down by
Gotama"'
further
in his Sutras.
The system
at the
introduced by him received
his
disciples,
development
hands of
among whom was
[
his
own son Vardhama'na Upa'dhya'ya, up
in the
to
tlie
time of
15th
Pakshadhara Misra, who flourished
century.
middle of the
He
was the writer of a commentary called
Aloka
Paksha-
on Gangesa's Tattva-Chhifdmani.
Down
the
to the time of
dhara the study of modern Nya'ya
confined to Mithila, which became
all
was almost exclusively
resort of pupils
from
parts of India.
to decline
The
literary activity of the IMithila' school
began
called
after the
time of Pakshadhara, whose work
Aloka
is
the last standard work on
flourish,
modern Nya'ya.
it
The
school, however, continued to
in Mithila'.
It
and
is
not yet extinct
may be
noticed here incidentally that the works
of Gangesa and his followers effected a revolution in the study
of
Nya'ya and completely
superseded the
ancient
Nya'ya
so that
works, such as the Bhdshya, the Vartika, &c., so
very few Pandits of the present
these works.
much
day possess even copies of
From
Mithila' the study of
modern Nya'ya spread
began
to teach
to
Nava-
dvipa (Nadiya',
the
same
as Nuddea),
and the students who
it
had studied the subject
pupils in the latter place.
in IMithila
to their
first
introduced
the study of
The name of modern Nya'ya
the Pandit
into
who
Navadvipa can
is
not be ascertained.
est
Ra'mabhadra Siddha'ntava'gisa
the earli-
Nadiya' writer on Nya'ya of
whom we
have any certain
knowledge.
of
He
wrote
commentary
on the Kusurmx'njah
of the
in
Udayana
as
A'cha'ryya.
The image
(burnt mother)
to
goddess
Ka'li,
its
known
"Poda'-Ma"'
consequence of
having been burnt once, and
students on the eve
which offerings are made by
have been
of their departure from Navadvipa after
studies there,
is
the completion of their
said
to
set
up
for
worship by Ra'mabhadra.
After
Ra mabhadra came
Basudeva Sa'rvabhauma.
Nya'ya whicli
is
He
was the writer of a work
is
on
now
missing but
referred to in
other
works
on Nya'ya.
Didhiti
chapters
Raghuna'tha Siromani, the writer of the celebrated
which,
though
(
calhng
itself
)
commentary on the
Tattva-Chintdmani,
on Aniandna
inference
in the
contains a great deal of valuable original matter, was a pupil of Ba'sudeva Sa'rvabhauma, and, according to tradition, a con-
temporary of Chaitanya,
In his
the
celebrated Vaishnava reformer. received
its
hands
the
system of Gangesa
fullest
development, and from his time the fame of the Nadiya school
began to increase
pletely
until at last the
Mithila school
its
was comrival
thrown into the shade, yielding thus to
it
the
place which
formerly occupied.
The
Naiya'yikas of Nadiya
have ever since maintained
this position
a postion recognised
came
in succes-
by Pandits
all
over India.
After Raghuna'tha
sion Bhava'nanda Siddha'ntava'gisa, Mathura'na'th Tarkava'gisa,
Ja'ga'disa Tarka'lanka'ra
descendants of the
last
have
and Gada'dhara Bhatta'cha'ryya. The been distinguished Naiya'yikas,
and the
descent
greatest living Professor of Nya'ya at Nadiya', Maha'-
mahopa'dhya'ya Bhuvana
Mohana
Vidya'ratna,
is
the
sixth in
from
Gada'dhara.
Another
Bengali
Naiya'yika,
is
Krishnada'sa Sa'rvabhauma
but whether of Nadiya' or not
the Didhiti,
written
not known, wrote a commentary on
named
in
the
Didhiii Prasdrini of which a
1672,
MS. copy
1615
Samvat
era,
corresponding to the year
of the
Christian
exists in the
Government Sanskrit College
Nadiya
writers wrote
full
in Calcutta.
All these
commentaries on the Didhiii,
Mathura'na'tha writing a
besides,
commentary on the Chinfdmani
and they enlarged the technical terminology of modern
Nyaya.
To
give an example.
The terms
f?
and
fw<^^'7
both
imply duality, but while the former can never he predicated
a single individual, the latter can.
ot'
We
cannot
say.
"
^j,"
but can say
""^ig ffcgwT*T,"
so that ft and ff ^^jt
cannot have
is
the same meaning.
distinction
duality,
between the two meanings
as expressed by
ff,
made
for
its
thus
The idea of
(q?lrrfH)
requires
completion
an aggregate of two
objects.
^?f
I
There-
fore f% cannot
be predicated of a single object
But the
idea of duality, as expressed by ft-^^TST and meaning, 'belonging
to
an aggregate of two', and therefore not requiring
for
its
completion the aggregate of two objects but requiring only one
of them, can be predicated of a single object
class
=?ii.
The former
qQjtffre^^
^5ft^?i^j^?
of predication of
is
based on
what
the
is
called
(relation
(
completion},
and
latter
on
ordinary relation between object and attribute).
The
has been
technicalities of
modern Nydya have
its
hitherto repelled
students of Sanskrit
for
from
study.
The immemorial
practice
Naiyayikas
to
explain
it
verbally to their pupils
the meaning of each term as
teaching,
turns up in the course of their
after certain set formula;.
in
is
and the explanations are
the
hook
called
Nyaya-kosha was brought out
in 1875,
in
Bombay by
a Dictionary
it
Ehimacharyya Jhalakikar
of the Technical
and
this
book
terms used
full
Nyaya.
The
explanations
itself
gives are, however, not
yet
enough, and the work
I
has not
this
come
to
be generally known.
purpose, therefore, in
technicalities,
paper
to explain
some of these
I
and
this in
simple Sanskrit, as
cannot hope to be able to make matters
the
equally clear through of interpretation
Pandits,
is
is
medium
of English.
My
method
by
it
not the orthodox one
usually followed
to
which
have
to
thought
proper
matters
abandon
as
not one
calculated
make
quite
intelligible.
liave
had very
little
time to
to
spare
for
for
writing
tliis
piper,
Dr. Leitner's
request
me
paper having come to
me
only on
I
the 30th June
last.
With more time
paper
fuller.
at
my
disposal
would have made
my
have not
been able even
to
to look over the
proof-sheets
carefully,
owing
the
serious
and, as
it
has
now
proved,
fatal
illness of
my
and
eminent and revered friends
Dr.
Rajendralala
Mitra
Pandit Iswara Chandra Vidyasagara.
fT'?T
"Sf'JT:
^^\
?^
^Tf^Tlir^wfir
fcTS'fftfcf
^TTfcTIII-'^'JITf^r
?^*5T
I
^mv.
%^J^
^^^
^Z]T^ ^^^fk ^5^
ftr^cftfcT
?^?lfq qZTf^ U^Tf ^'fi:
5Tm f^fvr^t^Jrr: t^^t: Wvf^^T^q^^^rT^T ^fq
^i^jit
^rg^sETc^gTTsjT
Bqrf^Tfq
TT^
HiT;
?i'ifrqTf'ir-T^#tqTfV%f?T f?ftr:
:
^^t
N^jt)
T^
I
fRr ^?ciif
^g
^aicft
f^vrm ar^^
1
^?cr#tqrf'?w'?i ^frf
'^aiT
^TWff
?T2rr
q^^
crfV
^^r^wTi^^rr^Tr
cTct^
ci^ ^I'jt^ti'^t^^:
^q*?i '^q^sTif^: "^ir^^i^rcT ^aif^frftr
fg^#
5T
3r^%, ^ai^ff rTcW^^
?T*?r
^^q*T#trffi?T^
^^^T'Ul'qTf^:
?T^T
-^*^,
^n3?!ilT?T<5
5T
crm
rT??
^^q^^sQsf ^T^^T, ???jiT?rr: ^^iw^^i:
cm
cT<fr:
IT^tf^Tfq
^nf^^
gwra^r
f^aHTmR^fcTTfrTcrT
V^fh
?T^T
Bfw%cTf*ifci
cT^fhTfiT
q?^^^
vfi^c^^^
=^
^T^f^^T
it^ct:
^cm^
" "?igf^^?IT^-3TTf??^^'^qT^fcTfKWq^raf'Tt
f^TTf^^WTT
^i^:
^^^^wk=^TT
-^^^
f^sTT
'^'ifr
H^^:'
^'^ f^.^^-
^ff^^:
'^q^*T3^q:' 'qit
^^'^f'?r' 'jzf
q^t
*TTt%'
f sjttt
3^
'sq^
^T^ror,
Tt
'^
qJWT^*^
^HJT^^T"
^?T^T?T^'JtT-^'?^q^T*TTST:
R*r
^(Ttrfq ^sTrnKit^ift: (^i?ij*iq^'t:)
I
^^int^qT?i^^R(
^
'Er'^ftir^
^iiT<1'?[Ti^f^3jq:
^v(Tc|,T^:
^^^.
^^q^i^^:
^m
'ijcrt
qzt
>o
Tj^
7T
^"?tff?fg'
5T^^
^^mS^'2;^T5[fq
q^Tmqi:*qTW^i5I ^*^T
r'^^^i,
'^S'^l
?JJTfvnf SJ ?!*?
q^KlTre^^i^^TTn^;, ^f*jtg qsr^^T^t,
^Hjf^f^rir: qi5?i^,
?i^
'i;cTt
^j:';
^Tt
=^
^g^T^^r: qs??n:
vr^fsTT,
TTf%' TsiTf^q?ffn?r
^^'j^qiH^T
%cf5fr?iT?ft:
^^"^rfq ^ ^f^-
^^
cTsg^q^
^T^wt
fT*g:
fT<^
^*Ttcr: v(z
H^rq:
t ^<rt:
^'^^*T'5^:
^?rtft (^T^?i:)
f^^ *fg^fjT (^r??!;)
>
* TTr^T^?cr'^qn^^^/Ti<TTTT^5rqf:
'^Tf^^Tqrfq'&q'iifTT'-^Tfr^:
^f^<T
^w^m:
fTf%^'q:'!i?jqnf^Tr'!irT^^q-q^*qTre<q'^5T
cT^^^^^^sf
^q^ir:,
cT^q
^^
qT^^TTfr^q^i;
^ffifi[fsT^mqr:,
fifi?TTqT=qli5T
am^f^q^e
'^
^:
^T^:
crf^r^i
^Tt H^^sfq
^"^.n
?i% ^T^?T^T^Tf^ci<^^^sq t
^i
^'ST^:
^^r^^Tf*T^ ^^iTTIimr ^^^^^ffl^JT
"^Th
q5jtfH^=^S#-
fiwrfq ^^if^f^ '^5^T
^f^t^ li^r^t^
f?T3f^
?mT
^?fr5^*T
^^^^
VJ^f?T
I
JfT^f*TffT
^^
^T^'S^rrg -5Ef*^ft(<l^
Hf?T?ftf^, ^qT^Tg^ftf'T
^^^Vi
"sqg^tfT vr^f^T, g*T
'^^^
cT^
T)fH?ftfJT
ftrsffT
?TSIT
ifw-
>3
^^^, ?% qst
^'rfn ?fci
^^T qjg
^m.,
gi?^'
?i^g
^t'-^k
?f?i
qg
^RT
'*IT^' <Tfw*i;
cTf^^fq^n
grfflflT
fHsfcT,
qw
JT^ ?T^ ?lf<ir^^'!!?^
IflFfsTlfqfn
^frifTTJfT'^
irfTTcTI
^^%
^^fff^fqcTT
"^ "^TT^^TfTI
q?
W=n?r
^^f
^^TM
^f^^n;WfTT
I
'5i^?ir'vrTf^sft,
q^g
q=iT^ ^fy^'ciicn^Tfl
qT*qTf*iqtl^l'^rarl?n
^q^^
ff%cTT
f*T?IcJT
^ciq^
ffTfrnf^WT.<!IcI?f1:
f^^qrn??cTT^f^ ^^*l'
q?fl7T^ 'litj"
^^^:
^cft?T?t
q^
?;ffT,
'^^^^^
gi<!^fi;'
fsi^r
^^'^^qcTTf^^iTIIcn^'
|
fsR^T 'fn?' ^^^fsT^jfTtfll-
f*TlfqclTfW^n7!IcTT^' ^s}^; qjg^#t?T^
^j^^^^^-sivTR^irq
q^
qfcTTtfiT,
^qT^
^gq^f^ ?!%
?t:
T?^i^ "?(?T*{vnTi
^z^fc\ ^zT>i^\^m ^z:
nfiT<ft'ft,
^tttw^^ ^q
qfrr^frfir
g2Tf^?q?Tr;
sji'TTvrT^'^
qffi?f(fTf*T
qf?l?rtfT?n,
^5^'^fTf*T
'^
gm
^f^fTT
4Tqq;,
TpfTcn
'^if^^iTW'Tq'g^,
^T^^ f^'n ^?T ^f^WT^rlT Wf rT ?tw '^f^^T^m ^ ^srr^qfjrfri
i
cTcT^
?j^q^?r,
'JcT%
^3^
iffrrTl'
(
?i^Tf^1I
fH^ran
)
I
'ffT%'
"^ci:
fg^*T
ff
rPrTcTT
^?3ltf^
f5T^i<T%
i
ftJiqcTTS^^TSiJH
*JfIf?*Tfy^nit
^7^
i
2ffTrcrTf*T^q^fTffT
qciT?J?f>
g^r
^ftr^^'UfTT -^iT^^fsf^fqciT asjc^xtt
'5pra^
v(jjgT:
"^
^fmwwjT
qfT^cn^TTWcT^ft:
^f 3g?TTff^qfrq^:
i
qT^q^fliq^gt:
'ti^qi'^ t^TiTsit fsT^igr'T^q^wrfs^fl^;
14
xj^^ q^iT ^^!I g^JTT^Wrf^ ^qi^T'!! '^VTTTr VRfff,
?THIT
^S^^^fcT
it
W=fT%
it
^^^
qj^ ^Sfq
^fZ^T^nt*!
^Z^Z\V{^Wf^[T^
^VTT^^
IffcT?ftf'TcJT
f]5T
^^rf^rf
^W^
'^^=^fT
SET
WW
'EI^^:
'^l^'Nf^T
VT^ftf,
^'T t^f^i^sT
\^i['ijj
'?f^f^^
VTTfcT,
=^
^"jt:
ct^t:
5fTl%'
'?75?T^'t
^27VrT^r^
ci??tt:
qfcT^fff'TcTT
^RTT^^ ^Tf^sf
^jc^ir
=g
^'nj
'^i^r^^T
tTcT^
ifffT^ftRcTRrr:
^Tqm: ^*^^: ^tc^^ ^^: ^^-
irmfq ^R3i: ^vrrfr ^nf^
^^ct: ^Tf^^^j^j^^T
^^^
^^-^ f^^^[^-
f^^^fcT
=?s7Tq^^q^ ^'^j^:
ct^t:
^^'^^^'^
vrqfcr,
Trfcr^fff^cn
^WTr?T'e^^:
Jct%
^ztvtr^
TrfcT^ftfiicTt
f^^^cftfcT
^r:wn^
:
'^?^:
rT^TT'^
^^5^^ ^^=#^^^ f^arq^-^^qfjffc^
qif^fT*T
'5
^zJTcTT
TiffT'TifncTT
^^ n^
^=^'^,
fici
^^
^^
^ ^'h^
?ftT ti^??vi=?i?:-
g^+ c^ )
fJTWt "^I (^^ct
^Tf?T:)
gj^im
TTffT^tf^rTT^TT:
^=)^<?*:
"^iiff
^kh
ft^:
^m
ff^cTT^fi:
^ffT?frf^fTTfq '^i^fit^
;
fH^fq^n
vr^fTT,
-^i^n^
iff<TinfJTfTT?iT:
f^m^:
'i^
^^^^^ctt
nftTqtf7m?ft^fq
-6
'q^=?r
5T^.?Tm fcT^^rT
^ g
fTTTt'
?S1^ ^^^" ?T^f^cIT^: TT^f^:
^^^^^
^T^TVTT^^ ifTfcTmt fjTfrut^i:
JTHT^: ^^*ft ^srffT
I
^q''^^^:
'?n?rrwfrTrfT?TT:
^iT^^^RT'^^Rt
^rsf\
'^^ ^w.
^fq^^ffift
^'
wsn "^T^^ ^qwT^:
"^t^i
^qivji^ q^ife
^r
'^qf^rftr
17
^vrr^^ g^ffY^^:
"^*?ft*?Twr?;
^^ifvu^'j
cttst^t'
<
cTrT^^fqciT
H^TRfn^Ctft
>?'JfTcTT-^T^'^^'JIT:
^*Tf^^'w %*ff^5 ^M=^ST "^^f^^T
>8
^^^i^^rTT^^cf^fTTfsT^^r^^T
fTrI?T '^'ift STTf'rf'
^^Vf ^^^[^^^V^[^]^]^
^^^^
?Tm
'^^^
^1%?ttt; >|^t<t'
ifSjT^TgTT^
^7^^
q%
^^^r
f.-j^fr
19
^^^
if?T,
qt
=^=f :Tf?fr^R^T<fT
iTHT^
q?:c?Pi
1
Tfr%
-511%
crwt
ff^^T
wr^
'^?i q?:' ?ffi
q^r^f^fai'g'^r^'^fti
?fcT
^T%
i^^Tif^fai^fii
^^.^f^ tfsi^iT
'j^jy;
*Tf
q^?T^
^q^pj
^f^ftj: q<ft?T^,
^T^T
'^4
g?::,'
'g'^^
*tk:'
^^t^^T
^ ^^^^^
T^
20
TTftr TjftfT5^'Er*?Tf *T^f^'
?^TTf
f'T^T
f^^^
^affr^T
Wr^^ f^^<ii?r,
q^
TT^r^fTT ftst^fsrifqcIT vr^1%,
f^siiejcTT
R^r^fTlfqcTr
vr^
qrT?T
'^TSI'^I' fw^Tif *fcrffl'
???J%T
^5-:^
^I^
WT^'HT f%?i^vr^f%'TfcT ft^?T^,
=>
WtS?i TT*T: ij^:' ^'^'^ iJ5?Tc^qf^?Tl%CT iT^TTcTT
*J'STT
ftf^'^fq^l^ =^
^cT^
cff^'^fqcTT
?:mf%^T 1%^5IfTTfq
'T
g*ajT
*?m q^w*f f^vM "q^n^ w^^t"-^
ft?qT w^f^i fqitqwifsr
qcft??^^'^,
"
'vrr?
^^Tfq
^tf2:^?r^r2T
q?:^
^1%
^f^w^fcT
^r
^t'
j.f^
^ai^
Calcutta
Dated
the \st
"|
Mahes'achandra Nya'yaratna.
August, 1891. J
[Note. I have just learnt from an eminent Pandit of Navadwipa that Rdmabhadra SiddhAntavagisa, the commentator on Kustcmdnjali was not the person who set up the image of Podamd
alluded to in
the
p. 5.,
but that
it
same name.
There
is
was done by another person bearing no time now to ascertain the truth of
the matter.]
M. N.
HARE PRESS
PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY JADU NATH SEAL 23 I, BECHU CHATTERJEE'S STREET, CALCUTTA.
:
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY
Los Angeles
This book
is
DUE
on the
last
date stamped below.
PSD 2343 9/77
LIBRARY
rftCILITY
AA
000 490 418
