Algebra Skills Required for Entry to a Level Two Course in Mathematics This is a list of Level One skills you

will be required to demonstrate if you are to gain entry to the Level Two Achievement Standard Course in Year 12. To demonstrate that you have gained these skills you will be required to attend school and sit an Algebra test. If you can demonstrate mastery of 4 out of the 6 Achieved skills and 4 out of 6 of the Merit skills then this will count as satisfying the Merit in Algebra criterion for entry to the Year 12 course. Level of Achievement Skill Simplify expressions involving indices Simplify 12x3 8x
6

Example

Simplify expressions involving brackets Achieved Expand a pair of brackets Factorise a quadratic expression Solve a linear equation Solve a factorised quadratic equation Factorise, then solve, a quadratic equation Rearrange, then solve, a quadratic equation Achieved with Merit Rearrange a formula Solve simultaneous linear equations

Expand and simplify 4x 2 y 3x 2 y Expand and simplify 2 x 3x 4 Factorise x 2 3x 10 Solve 2 x 3 7 5 Solve 3x 1x 2 0 Solve, by factorising,
x 2 10x 200 0

Solve: x 2 3x 2 x 24 Solve this pair of equations:

4 x 5 y 400 x y 10

Rearrange the formula

A 1 a b h 2
to make a the subject of the formula Simplify a fractional algebraic expression
2 Simplify x 4 x2

Add or subtract algebraic fractions

Simplify 2 x x 3 4

Worked examples, practice questions, and practice assessments with answers are provided in the following pages.

2 Achieved Skill 1 Example 1a: Method: Simplify expressions involving indices

6

Simplify 12x3 8x

Cancel the fraction part. You can use the fraction key on your calculator to do this. Or just divide both 12 and 8 by 4, giving the fraction 3 . 2 Now subtract the powers, so 6 3 = 3.
3x 3 2

Answer:

Example 1b: Method: Answer:

Simplify 8x 3 5x 9 Multiply the numbers. So 8 5 = 40 Now add the powers, so 3 + 9 = 12.

40x12

Example 1c: Method:

Simplify 5 x 3 y

Work out 5 2 . This is 25. And x 3 y

Now multiply the powers. So x 3

becomes x 6

becomes x 6 y 2

Answer:

25x 6 y 2

Achieved Skill 1 Simplify these: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

5x 20 20x 5

Practice questions

8 9 10 11 12

12x 3 12x 6

4a b
5 x 10 10x 5

5 3 2

5d
25x 5 5x

10 2

8 p3 4 p9
a 2a 5 3a 2

6d 5 3d 2

3a 2 6a

8x 8 16x

13
2 4 3

5m n

9 x 21 15x 7

14

8d e

4 5 2

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3 Achieved Skill 2 Example 2a: Method: Simplify expressions involving brackets

Expand and simplify 4x 2 y 3x 2 y Multiply each term inside the bracket by the number that is outside. Remember = +. Then gather like terms
4x 2 y 3x 2 y = 4 x 8 y 3x 6 y

Answer:

= x 14 y Expand and simplify 4x 7 3x 4 If there is just a sign in front, make it into 1

4x 7 13x 4 = 4 x 28 3x 4

Example 2b: Method:

Answer:

= x 24 Practice questions

Achieved Skill 2 Simplify these: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 5(x 3) + 2(x 4) 3(2x 1) 2(x 3) 6x 3 + 4(x 7) 3 + 8(x 3) x(x 3) + 4x + 5 3(x 1) + 5(2x 4) (x + 4) 3(x 2)

8 9 10 11 12 13 14

4(x + 1) (x 6) 2(3 2x) 4(x 3) x(x 3) + x(x 4) 7(x 2y) 2(5x 4y) 3(4y x) (2x + 9y) 14 3(2x 7) 5x 7(4 5x) (3 + 2x)

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4 Achieved Skill 3 Example 3a: Method: Expand a pair of brackets

Expand and simplify 2 x 3x 4 Multiply each term inside the second bracket first by the 2x and then by the 3. Remember + = . Then gather like terms.

2 x 3x 4
= 2 x 2 8x 3x 12 Answer: Example 3b: Method: = 2 x 2 5x 12 Expand and simplify x 53x 4 Multiply each term inside the second bracket first by the x and then by the 5. Remember = +.

x 53x 4
= 3x 2 4 x 15x 20 Answer: = 3x 2 19x 20 Practice questions

Achieved Skill 3

Expand the bracket and then simplify: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 (x 3)(x 4) (2x 1)(x 3) (6x 3)(x + 7) (x 5)(2x 3) (x 3)(4x + 5) (x + 1)(2x 7) (3x + 4)(2x 1) 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 (4x + 1)(x 6) (3x 2)(x 3) (2x 5)(3x 4) (3x 2)(5x + 4) (4y 3)(2y + 7) (2x 1)(5 2x) (4 5x)(3 + 2x)

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5 Achieved Skill 4 Example 4a: Method: Factorise a quadratic expression

Factorise x 2 3x 10 Draw a pair of skeleton brackets, then put x at the start of each bracket. Write down pairs of numbers that multiply to give 10. Choose the pair of numbers that also add together to give 3. Put these numbers into the brackets. Check that you get x 2 3x 10 if you expand the brackets.
x 2 3x 10 x = x

Answer:

= x 5x 2

+10 10 +5 5

1 +1 2 +2

Example 4b: Method:

Factorise x 2 8x 15 Draw a pair of skeleton brackets, and put x at the start of each bracket. Find the pair of numbers that multiply to give +15 and add together to give 8. Put these numbers into the brackets. Check that you get x 2 8x 15 if you expand the brackets.
x 2 8x 15 x = x

Answer:

= x 5x 3

+15 15 +5 5

+1 1 +3 3

Example 4c: Method:

Factorise x 2 25 (This type is called the difference of two squares) Draw a pair of skeleton brackets, and put x at the start of each bracket. Our pair of numbers must multiply to give 25 and add together to give zero (there is no x term). The numbers are +5 and 5 Check that you get x 2 25 if you expand the brackets.
x 2 25

Answer:

x 5x 5
Practice questions

Achieved Skill 4 Factorise: 1 2 3 4 5

x 2 3x 18

6 7 8 9 10

x 2 5x 24

11 12 13 14 15

x2 4

x 2 x 20
x 2 13x 30

x 2 10x 24
x2 4x 5

x 2 4 x 21
x 2 11x 30

x 2 8x 12
x 2 3x 10

x 2 16
x 2 5x 14

x 2 81
x 2 x 12

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6 Achieved Skill 5 Solve a linear equation

Example 5a: 5 2 x 3 7 5 5 Method:

2 x 3 35
3 2 3

2x
x

32
2

16

Example 5b: Method:

5x

7 x 8 5x 22
5x

2x 8
+8 2

22
+8

2x

14
2

Achieved Skill 5 Solve these equations: 1 2

12x 32 7 x 6
53 2 x 35

Practice questions

8 9

13 x 17 2 x
4x 5 17 x

5 x 14 1 3
5 x 14 4 6
22 6 x 64 x

10

7x 1 5 2
3 2 x 13 4
2.4 x 5.4 4.2 x 18

11

5 6

12

7 x 3x 6 2

13

3 2 x 3 15 4

5x 9 4 8

14

2 x 1 11 9

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7 Achieved Skill 6 Example 6a: Method: Solve a factorised quadratic equation

Solve: 3x 1x 2 0 Let each bracket equal zero. This gives two equations, so there are two solutions.
3x 1 0

or

x20

Answer:

x 1 or x 2 3
Solve: 3x3x 4 0 Let each part equal zero. Again there are two solutions.
3x 0 or 3x 4 0

Example 6b: Method:

Answer:

x 0 or x 4 3

Achieved Skill 6 Solve these equations: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 (x + 5)(x 4) = 0 (2x 1)(x + 3) = 0 (6x 1)(x + 7) = 0 (x 5)(2x 3) = 0 (x 3)(4x + 5) = 0 (x + 1)(2x + 7) = 0 3x(2x 1) = 0

Practice questions

8 9 10 11 12 13 14

4x(x 6) = 0 (3x 2)(x + 3) = 0 2x(3x 4) = 0 (5x 1)( x + 4) = 0 (4x + 1)(x 7) = 0 5x(2x 1) = 0 5x(3 + 2x) = 0

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8 Merit Skill 1 Example 1a: Method: Answer: Factorise and solve a quadratic equation Solve: x 2 10x 200 0

x 20x 10 0
x 20

or

x 10

Example 1b: Method: Answer: Merit Skill 1

Solve: 2 x 2 50 0

2 x 2 25 0 2x 5x 5 0 x 5 or x 5
Practice questions

Solve these equations: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

x 2 15x 50 0 x 2 2 x 80 0 3x 2 48 0 x 2 10x 200 0 x 2 4 x 60 0 x 2 35x 300 0
x 2 25x 100 0 x 2 8x 20 0 x 2 16x 80 0 x 2 25x 150 0 x 2 7 x 12 0 2 x 2 98 0

13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

4 x 2 36 0 x 2 13x 40 0 x 2 40x 300 0 x 2 40x 400 0

x 2 x 42 0 x 2 16x 64 0 x 2 20x 100 0 x 2 5x 150 0 6 x 2 24 0 x 2 15x 36 0

x 2 14x 40 0 x 2 10x 1200 0

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9 Merit Skill 2 Example 2a: Method: Rearrange, then solve a quadratic equation Solve: x 2 3x 2 x 24
x 2 5x 24 0

x 8x 3 0
Answer:
x8

or

x 3

Example 2b: Method:

Solve: x 2 24 10x
x 2 10x 24 0

x 12x 2 0
Answer:
x 12 or x 2

Example 2c: Method:

Solve: x 2 3x 6
x 2 3x 18 x 2 3x 18 0

x 6x 3 0
Answer: Merit Skill 2
x 6 or x 3

Practice questions

Solve these equations: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

x 2 13x 30

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

x 2 30 x

x 2 9 x 20

x 2 103x 20

x 2 9x 4
x 2 3x 40 x 2 8x 9 x 56

x 6x 2 21
x 2 3x 26 14x x 2 60 16x

x 32

25

x 2 53x 10

x 2 10x 21 x 2 10 7 x

x 3x 2 6
x 2 25x 6
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10 Merit Skill 3 Example 3a: Method: Solve simultaneous linear equations Solve:
4 x 5 y 400 x y 10

Substitute y + 10 in place of x in the first equation 4(y + 10) + 5 y = 400

4 y + 40 + 5 y = 400
9 y = 360

y = 40
Now substitute this into the second equation to find out what x is. Answer: Example 3b: Method:

y 40
Solve:

and

x 40 10 50

40x 10 y 280 3 y 4 x 12

Rearrange the second equation so that it matches the first one. 40x 10 y 280 4 x 3 y 12 Divide the first equation by 10 (or multiply the second equation by 10) 4 x y 28 4 x 3 y 12 Add the equations to eliminate the x variable 2 y 40

The equations have to be arranged this way if you are using a graphics calculator.

y 20
Substitute y 20 into one of the original equations, and solve for x.

40x 10 20 280 x 12
Answer:
x 12 and y 20

Merit Skill 3

Practice questions

Solve these pairs of simultaneous equations: 1 2 3 4 5

5 y 2 x 75 y x 13 2x 8 y 4 x 2 y 10 2x 8 y 6 5y x 1 2y x 2 3y x 6

6 7 8 9 10

7 x 10 y 159 y x 30 7 x y 11 5 x 2 y 59 3x 4 y 122 x y 1 4x y 3 x 18 y

3x 2 y 119 y x 23

2 x 6 y 30 3x 8 y 90

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11 Merit Skill 4 Example 4a: Method: Rearrange a formula Make a the subject of the formula A 1 a b h 2

1 a bh A 2 a bh 2 A ab 2A h

Answer:

2A b h

Example 4b: Method:

Make a the subject of the formula v u at

u at v at v u

Answer:

vu t

Merit Skill 4 1 2 3 4 5

Practice questions

The formula for the perimeter of a rectangle is P 2l 2b . Rearrange the formula to make b the subject. Make n the subject of the formula S 180n 2 . Make h the subject of the formula A 1 bh . 2 The formula for the distance around a running track is D 2l w . Rearrange the formula to make w the subject. The formula for the area of a square with an equilateral triangle on one of its sides is A 1.433x 2 . Rearrange the formula to make x the subject. The formula for the volume of a cylinder is V r 2 h . Rearrange the formula to make (i) h (ii) r the subject.
2 Make d the subject of the formula A d . 4

7 8 9 10

Make v the subject of the formula E 1 mv2 . 2 Make d the subject of the formula T a n 1d . The equation of a straight line is 2 x 3 y 12 . Rearrange the equation to make y the subject.

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12 Merit Skill 5 Example 5a: Simplify a fractional algebraic expression

2 Simplify: x 4 x2

Method:

= =

x 2x 2
x2

x 2x 2
x2

Factorise top, or bottom, or both. Then cancel.

Answer:

= x2

Example 5b:

2 Simplify: 2 x 6 x 3x 9

Method:

= =

2 xx 3 3x 3 2 xx 3 3x 3

Answer:

= 2x 3

Merit Skill 5 Simplify: 1

Practice questions

4 x 12 x3
x 3 2x 2 x2

6 x 2 12xy 3x 6 y
x 1 x2 1
x 2 x 12 x4 x 2 3x 2 x2 2 x 2 8x x4 x 2 4x 4 x2 2x 6 x 2 3x

x2 9 x3
x2 x 2 x2 x 2 5x 4 x4

10

11

12

3 p 2 q 3 15 p 2 q 2 3 pq 2
3x 2 3x x 1

13

14

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13 Merit Skill 6 Example 6a: Method: Add or subtract algebraic fractions Simplify: 2 x x 3 4 = 4 2x 3 x 12 = 8 x 3x 12 Answer: = 11x 12

Use the method for adding fractions

Example 6b: Method:

Simplify: x 5 x 3 24 = 8x 5x 24 24 = 3x 24

Answer:

= x 8

Merit Skill 6 Simplify: 1

Practice questions

2 x 3x 5 10
m 3m 4 5 x x 5 6 2x x 3 4
2a a 9

x 5x 2 12
2p 7p 5

10

3z 3z 4 16 2x 4x 9 3

11

12

x x 5 15 7 d 2d 10 5 3x 9 x 5 25
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6x 7 x 7 6 k 5k 8 12
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13

14

14 Practice Assessment One 1 Simplify 3a 4 b

Solve: x 2 6 x 3x 10

Simplify 4x 2 y 22 x y 9 Solve these simultaneous equations:

5a 2b 30 a 1 b

Expand and simplify 2 y 3 y 4

Factorise x 2 3x 28

10

Make h the subject of the formula V 1 r 2 h 3

Solve: 3x 2 5 4
3 2ab3 Simplify 2a b a2 b2

11

Solve: 4 x3x 1 0

12 7 Solve: x 7 x 30 0
2

Simplify 5 x x 2 5

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15 Practice Assessment Two 1

3 Simplify 8a 2a

Solve: x 2x 4 15

Simplify 8 p 2q 23 p q 9 Solve these simultaneous equations:

2x 3y 8 y 23 3x

Expand and simplify x 23x 4

Factorise x 2 6 x 8

10

Make r the subject of the formula A 4r 2

Solve: 3x 1 8 4 11
2 Simplify x 16 2x 8

Solve: x 73x 2 0

12 7 Solve: x 2 9 x 18 0

Simplify 2m m 3 4

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16 Practice Assessment Three 1 Simplify 3a 2 4a 5 8 Solve: x 2 4x 3

Simplify 53a 6 4a 9 9 Solve these simultaneous equations:

3x 4 y 43 x 2y 9
3 Expand and simplify 3d 2d 5

Factorise x 2 x 12

10

Make t the subject of the formula

C k 2nt

Solve: 7 x 3 4 5x

11 6 Solve: x 32 x 1 0

2 Simplify x 5 x 4 x 1

Solve: 2 x 2 50 0

12

Simplify 9 x x 4 2

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17 Answers 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
100x 25

Achieved Skill 1

Simplify expressions involving indices 8 9 10 11

144x 9

16a10b 6

25d 20
5x 4

x5 2

18d 7

32 p
6a
8

12

12

a 2
3 x 14 5
64d 8 e10

x7 2
125m 6 n12

13 14

Answers 1

Achieved Skill 2

Simplify expressions involving brackets 8 4(x + 1) (x 6) = 4x + 4 x + 6 = 3x + 10 2(3 2x) 4(x 3) = 6 + 4x 4x + 12 =6 x(x 3) + x(x 4) = x2 3x + x2 4x = 2 x2 7 x 7(x 2y) 2(5x 4y) = 7x 14y 10x + 8y = 3 x 6y 3(4y x) (2x + 9y) = 12y 3x 2x 9y = 3y 5x 14 3(2x 7) 5x = 14 6x + 21 5x = 11x + 35 7(4 5x) (3 + 2x) = 28 + 35x 3 2x = 33x 31

5(x 3) + 2(x 4) = 5x 15 + 2x 8 = 7x 23 3(2x 1) 2(x 3) = 6x 3 2x + 6 = 4x + 3 6x 3 + 4(x 7) = 6x 3 + 4x 28 = 10x 31 3 + 8(x 3) = 3 + 8x 24 = 8x 27 x(x 3) + 4x + 5 = x2 3x + 4x + 5 = x2 + x + 5 3(x 1) + 5(2x 4) = 3x + 3 + 10x 20 = 7x 17 (x + 4) 3(x 2) = x 4 3x + 6 = 4x + 2

10

11

12

13

14

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18 Answers 1 Achieved Skill 3 Expand a pair of brackets 8 (4x + 1)(x 6) = 4x2 24x + x 6 = 4x2 23x 6 (3x 2)(x 3) = 3x2 9x 2x + 6 = 3x2 11x + 6 (2x 5)(3x 4) = 6x2 8x 15x + 20 = 6x2 23x + 20 (3x 2)(5x + 4) = 15x2 + 12x 10x 8 = 15x2 + 2x 8 (4y 3)(2y + 7) = 8y2 + 28y 6y 21 = 8y2 + 22y 21 (2x 1)(5 2x) = 10x 4x2 5 + 2x = 4x2 + 12x 5 (4 5x)(3 + 2x) = 12 + 8x 15x 10x2 = 10x2 7x + 12

(x 3)(x 4) = x2 3x 4x + 12 = x2 7x + 12 (2x 1)(x 3) = 2x2 6x x + 3 = x2 7x + 3 (6x 3)(x + 7) = 6x2 + 42x 3x 21 = 6x2 + 39x 21 (x 5)(2x 3) = 2x2 3x 10x + 15 = 2x2 13x + 15 (x 3)(4x + 5) = 4x2 + 5x 12x 15 = 4x2 7x 15 (x + 1)(2x 7) = 2x2 7x + 2x 7 = 2x2 5x 7 (3x + 4)(2x 1) = 6x2 3x + 8x 4 = 6x2 + 5x 4 Achieved Skill 4

10

11

12

13

14

Answers 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Factorise a quadratic expression 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

x 2 16 = (x + 4)(x 4)

x 2 3x 18 = (x 6)(x + 3)

x 2 x 20 = (x + 5)(x 4)
x 2 13x 30 = (x 10)(x 3) x 2 8x 12 = (x 6)(x 2)

x 2 5x 14 = (x 7)(x + 2)
x2 4 = (x + 2)(x 2) x 2 4 x 21 = (x + 7)(x 3)

x 2 3x 10 = (x + 5)(x 2)
x 2 5x 24 = (x + 8)(x 3) x 2 10x 24 = (x 6)(x 4)

x 2 11x 30 = (x + 6)(x + 5)
x 2 81 = (x + 9)(x 9) x 2 x 12 = (x 4)(x + 3)

x2 4x 5 = (x 5)(x + 1)

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19 Answers 1 Achieved Skill 5 6 Solve a linear equation

7 x 3x 6 2 7 x 3x 18 2 4 x 16 x 4

12x 32 7 x 6 5 x 38 x 38 5
53 2 x 35 15 10x 35 10x 20 x 2

11

3 2 x 13 4 3 2 x 52 2 x 49 x 49 2
2.4 x 5.4 4.2 x 18 1.8 x 12.6 x 12.6 1.8 x 7

5 x 14 1 3 5 x 15 3 x 15 3 5 x9
5 x 14 4 6 5 x 14 24 5 x 10 x2
22 6 x 64 x 7 x 42 x6

5x 9 4 8 5 x 5 8 x 58 5 x 8
13 x 17 2 x 3x 4 x4 3
4x 5 17 4 x 20 17 3x x x x 3 1

12

13

3 2 x 3 15 4 6 x 9 60 6 x 69 x 11 1 2

14

10

7x 1 5 2 1 5 x 27 x 5 14

2 x 1 11 9 2 x 12 9 x 12 9 2 x 54

Answers 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Achieved Skill 6

Solve a factorised quadratic equation 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

x 0 or x 6

x 5 or x 4

x 1 or x 3 2
x 1 or x 7 6

x 2 or x 3 3

x 0 or x 4 3
x 1 or x 4 5

x 5 or x 3 2
x 3 or x 5 4

x 1 or x 7 4

x 1 or x 7 2
x 0 or x 1 2

x 0 or x 1 2
x 0 or x 3 2

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20 Answers 1 Merit Skill 1 Factorise and solve a quadratic equation 13

4 x 2 36 0 4 x2 9 0 4x 3x 3 0 x 3 or x 3

x 2 15x 50 0 x 10x 5 0 x 10 or x 5

x 2 2 x 80 0 x 10x 8 0 x 10 or x 8 3x 2 48 0 3 x 2 16 0 3x 4x 4 0 x 4 or x 4

14

x 2 13x 40 0 x 8x 5 0 x 8 or x 5 x 2 40x 300 0 x 30x 10 0 x 30 or x 10 x 2 40x 400 0 x 20x 20 0 x 20 ( twice) x 2 x 42 0 x 7x 6 0 x 7 or x 6 x 2 16x 64 0 x 8x 8 0 x 8 ( twice) x 2 20x 100 0 x 10x 10 0 x 10 ( twice) x 2 5x 150 0 x 15x 10 0 x 15 or x 10
6 x 2 24 0 6 x2 4 0 4x 2x 2 0 x 2 or x 2

15

x 2 10x 200 0 x 20x 10 0 x 20 or x 10 x 2 4 x 60 0 x 10x 6 0 x 10 or x 6 x 2 35x 300 0 x 20x 15 0 x 20 or x 15

16

17

18

x 2 25x 100 0 x 20x 5 0 x 20 or x 5 x 2 8x 20 0 x 10x 2 0 x 10 or x 2 x 2 16x 80 0 x 20x 4 0 x 20 or x 4 x 2 25x 150 0 x 30x 5 0 x 30 or x 5 x 2 7 x 12 0 x 4x 3 0 x 4 or x 3 2 x 2 98 0 2 x 2 49 0 3x 7 x 7 0 x 7 or x 7

19

20

21

10

22

11

x 2 15x 36 0 x 12x 3 0 x 12 or x 3 x 2 14x 40 0 x 10x 4 0 x 10 or x 4 x 2 10x 1200 0 x 40x 30 0 x 40 or x 30

23

12

24

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21 Answers 1 Merit Skill 2 Rearrange, then solve, a quadratic equation 9

x 2 30 x x 2 x 30 0 x 6x 5 0 x 6 or x 5

x 2 13x 30 x 2 13x 30 0 x 15x 2 0 x 15 or x 2 x 2 9 x 20 x 2 9 x 20 0 x 5x 4 0 x 5 or x 4

10

x 2 103x 20

x 2 30x 200 x 2 30x 200 0 x 20x 10 0 x 20 or x 10

11

x 2 9x 4

x 2 9 x 36 x 9 x 36 0 x 12x 3 0 x 12 or x 3
2

x 6x 2 21
x 2 8 x 12 21 x 2 8x 9 0 x 9x 1 0 x 9 or x 1

x 2 3x 40 x 2 3x 40 0 x 8x 5 0 x 8 or x 5

12

x 2 8x 9 x 56 x 2 x 56 0 x 8x 7 0 x 8 or x 7

x 2 3x 26 14x x 2 11x 26 0 x 13x 2 0 x 13 or x 2

x 2 60 16x x 2 16x 60 0 x 10x 6 0 x 10 or x 6

13

x 32
2

25
14

x 6 x 9 25 x 2 6 x 16 0 x 8x 2 0 x 8 or x 2
7
x 2 10x 21 x 2 10x 21 0 x 7 x 3 0 x 7 or x 3
x 2 10 7 x x 2 7 x 10 0 x 5x 2 0 x 5 or x 2

x 2 53x 10

x 2 15x 50 x 2 15x 50 0 x 10x 5 0 x 10 or x 5

15

x 3x 2 6
x2 x 6 6 x 2 x 12 0 x 4x 3 0 x 4 or x 3

16

x 2 25x 6

x 2 25x 150 x 2 25x 150 0 x 15x 10 0 x 15 or x 10

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22 Answers 1 Merit Skill 3 Solve simultaneous linear equations 6

7 x 10 y 159 y x 30

5 y 2 x 75 y x 13

5x 13 2 x 75 5 x 65 2 x 75 7 x 140 x 20 and y 20 13 7
2

7 x 10x 30 159 7 x 10x 300 159 3x 141 x 47 and y 47 30 17

2x 8 y 4 x 2 y 10
22 y 10 8 y 4 4 y 20 8 y 4 4 y 16 y 4 and x 2 4 10 18

7 x y 11 5 x 2 y 59

7 x y 11 5 x 2 y 59

Rearrange eqn 2

2x 8 y 6 5y x 1 x 5y 1 25 y 1 8 y 6 10 y 2 8 y 6 2y 8 y 4 and x 5 4 1 19 2y x 2 3y x 6

14x 2 y 22 Double eqn 1, thensubtract 5 x 2 y 59 9x 81 x 9 Now substitute into eqn 1 63 y 11 y 63 11 52

8
3x 4 y 122 x y 1

2y x 2 3 y x 6 Rearrange eqn 2, thensubtract y 4 y 4 Now substitute into eqn 2 3 4 x 6 x6

5

3 y 1 4 y 122 3 y 3 4 y 122 7 y 119 y 17 and x 17 1 18

9
4x y 3 x 18 y

3x 2 y 119 y x 23
3x 2x 23 119 3x 2 x 46 119 5 x 165 x 33 and y 33 23 10

4 x x 18 3 4 x x 18 3 3x 21 x 7 and y 7 18 25
10
2 x 6 y 30 3x 8 y 90

2 x 6 y 30 3x 8 y 90 Rearrange equation 2 6 x 18 y 90 Multiply eqn 1 by 3 6 x 16 y 180 Multiply eqn 2 by 2 2 y 90 Subtracting equations y 45 Now substitute into eqn 2 3x 8 45 90 3x 450 x 150

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23 Answers 1 Merit Skill 4 Rearrange a formula 6

V r 2 h

P 2l 2b

2l 2b P 2b P 2l b P 2l 2
2
S 180n 2

r 2 h V h V2 r

r 2 h V r2 V h r V h

180n 2 S 180n 360 S 180n S 360 n S 360 180 or you can do this : n2 S 180 n S 2 180
3 7

2 A d 4

d 2 A 4 d 2 4A d 4A

A 1 bh 2
1 bh A 2 bh 2 A h 2A b

1 mv2 2

1 m v2 E 2 m v2 2 E v 2 2E m v
9

D 2l w

2l w D w D 2l w D 2l
5
A 1.433x 2

2E m

T a n 1d

a n 1d T

n 1d

T a

1.433x 2 A x2 x A 1.433 A 1.433

10

d T a n 1

2 x 3 y 12

3 y 12 2 x y 12 2 x 3

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24 Answers 1 Merit Skill 5 Simplify a fractional algebraic expression 8

4 x 12 x3
4 x 3 x3

6 x 2 12xy 3x 6 y
6 x x 2 y 3x 2 y

4
2

x 3 2x 2 x2

2x
9
x 1 x2 1

x 2 x 2 x2

10

x 1x 1
1 x 1
x 2 x 12 x4

x 1

x2

x2 9 x3

x 3x 3
x3

x3
4
x2 x 2 x2

x 4x 3
x4

x3
11
x 2 3x 2 x2

x 2x 1
x2

x 1
5
x 2 5x 4 x4

x 2x 1
x2

x 1
12
2 x 2 8x x4

x 4x 1
x4

x 1
6
3 p 2 q 3 15 p 2 q 2 3 pq 2

2 xx 4 x4

2x
13
x 2 4x 4 x2

3 p 2 q 2 q 5 3 pq 2

x 2x 2
x2

pq 5
7
3x 2 3x x 1

x2
14
2x 6 x 2 3x

3x x 1 x 1

2x 3 x x 3

3x

2 x

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25 Answers 1 Merit Skill 6 Add or subtract algebraic fractions 8

2 x 3x 5 10 4 x 3x 10 10 7x 10
m 3m 4 5 5m 12m 20 17m 20

x 5x 2 12 12x 10x 24 2x 24 x 12
2p 7p 1 5 10 p 7 p 5 3p 5

x x 5 6 6x 5x 30 x 30 2x x 3 4 8 x 3x 12 5x 12
2a a 9 1 2a 9a 9 11a 9

10

3z 3z 4 16 12z 3 z 16 16 15z 16

11

2x 4x 9 3 2 x 12 x 9 9 14x 9 x x 5 15 3 x x 15 15 2x 15
7 d 2d 10 5 7 d 4d 10 10 3d 10

12

6x 7 x 7 6 36x 49x 42 85x 42 k 5k 8 12 12k 40k 96 52k 96 13 k 24

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13

14

3x 9 x 5 25 15 x 9x 25 25 6x 25

26 Practice Assessment Answers Assessment One 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

9a 8 b 2

Assessment Two 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
4a 2

Assessment Three 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
12a 7
11a 39
3d 2 17d 10

10 y
2 y 2 5 y 12

2 p 18q
3x 2 10x 8

x 7x 4
x6

x 4x 2
x 2 3
x 7 or x 2 3
x 6 or x 3 x 7 or x 1

x 4x 3
x 7 12

x 0 or x 1 3
x 10 or x 3 x 5 or x 2 a 4 and b 5

x 3 or x

1 2

x 5 or x 5 x 6 or x 2

x 7 and y 2

x 5 and y 7

h 3V2 r
2ab

r
x4 2

A 4

t Ck 2n
x4

23x 10

11m 12

7x 4

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