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Microwave Diathermy

Microwaves have wavelengths between 1m and 1cm and frequencies between 300MHz and 30GHz. They are produced using a magnetron powered by a main power supply. The microwaves are carried via a coaxial cable to an antenna/emitter which transmits the waves into tissues using a reflector. Microwaves are absorbed by tissues with high electrical conductivity like blood vessels, muscle and organs, causing ionic movement and heat generation through rotational and electronic effects. This heat increases blood flow and tissue temperature for therapeutic effects on conditions like arthritis, muscle spasms and injuries. Precautions must be taken with patients having metal implants, pacemakers or in sensitive areas like eyes due to microwave absorption risks.

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3K views14 pages

Microwave Diathermy

Microwaves have wavelengths between 1m and 1cm and frequencies between 300MHz and 30GHz. They are produced using a magnetron powered by a main power supply. The microwaves are carried via a coaxial cable to an antenna/emitter which transmits the waves into tissues using a reflector. Microwaves are absorbed by tissues with high electrical conductivity like blood vessels, muscle and organs, causing ionic movement and heat generation through rotational and electronic effects. This heat increases blood flow and tissue temperature for therapeutic effects on conditions like arthritis, muscle spasms and injuries. Precautions must be taken with patients having metal implants, pacemakers or in sensitive areas like eyes due to microwave absorption risks.

Uploaded by

bpt2
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BETWEEN RADIOWAVES AND

INFRARED
WAVE LENGTHS BETWEEN 1m & 1cm
FREQUENCY BETWEEN 300MHz to
Frequency Wavelength
30GHz (MHz) (cm)
2450 12.245
915 32.79
433.9 69.14
Fan and cathode Reflector
Heater control
circuits

Power
supply
from Magnetron
Antenn
mains
a

Emitter
Coaxial cable
Intensit
Main y
s
Production of MW
 Wireless waves are caused by high
frequency currents
 Special valve called magnetron is
used
 Standby switch to provide to use
the machine betw patients without
disconnect current to the valve
intensity
 Current from the valve is carried by a coaxial
cable which contain a central wire with outer
metal sheath separated with a an insulating
material
 Wire and sheath run parallel
 Coaxial cable carry current to the aerial from
which the microwave is emitted
 The aerial is mounted in a reflector which is
packed with some material which transmits
the waves into the tissue
 Its called the emitter, director ,applicators.
 Pt does not form a part of the circuit
The physiological effects
of Microwaves on the
tissues
 When electromagnetic energy of
Microwave radiation is absorbed in
the tissues it provokes ionic
movement, rotation of dipoles and
electron orbit distortion which
leads to heating
 The propagation characteristics of
microwaves are first determined
by the wavelength and frequency
Tissue composition and
Microwave Absorption
 Microwave energy has a tendency to penetrate tissue with low
electrical conductivity and be absorbed in tissues with high
conductivity
 High electrical conductivity equates with high fluid content
(typically blood vessels, muscle, moist skin, internal organs
and eyes)
 There is greater rise in muscle temperature (muscle tissue)
when microwave diathermy is used
 Therapeutic microwave radiation is largely absorbed in the
first few centimeters of tissue traversed.
 The approximate half value depth of penetration is 3cm.
 The shape and size of the emitter influences the energy
distribution into the tissues
 Good transmission to the skin can be achieved with contact
emitters.
 The frequency of the microwaves produced depends on the
structure of the magnetron.
 Therapeutic Effect
 The different effects of heating are
the consequence of such factors as
 The volume of tissue absorbing the
energy
 The composition of the absorbing tissue
 The capacity of the tissue to dissipate
heat-largely a factor of blood supply
 The temperature to tissue is raised.
 The rate of rise of temperature
 Microwave irradiation increases skin
and tissue temperature and blood flow
 Enhances rate of tissue heating and
infection control by increasing the
metabolic activity of the phagocytic and
reparative cells.
 Improves joint range of movement by
decreasing stiffness and improving
extensibility of contracted soft tissues.
 Subacute stage of arthritis- improves
circulation and resists the resolution of
oedema and hemorrhage
 Pain relieving effects
 Muscle guarding
 Degenerative joint disease
 Bursitis
 Sacroiliac strains
 Ankylosing spondylitis
 Increased extensibility of collagen
tissues
Principles of
Application
 Preparation of patient
 Preparation of apparatus
 Preparation of part to be treated
 Setting up- emitter should be positioned
so that radiations strike the surface at
right angles
 Instruction and warning
 Application
 Termination
Dosage

 20 min for vascular adjustment


 If significant heating required 30
min would be reasonable
Hazards of Microwave

 All electrotherapy equipment should be


handled with care and be regularly
maintained and serviced
 Frayed leads and improperly functioning
safety leads are not used
 Microwave units should be regularly
tested by the physiotherapist
 The presence and distribution of the
microwave field can be tested by using
an appropriate fluorescent tube
Contraindications
 Diminished thermal sensation
 Defective arterial circulation
 Acute inflammation
 Recent hemorrhage
 Metal in area under treatment
 Malignancy
 Implanted cardiac pacemaker
 Intrauterine devices
 Eyes and testes
 Pregnant uterus
EFFECTS OF METAL
EFFECTS OF SURFACE MOISTURE
CARDIAC PACEMAKERS
EYES
TESTES
PREGNANCY
GENERAL SAFETY WITH
MICROWAVE

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