Glomerular diseases and renal transplantation have always been considered as independent fields of nephrology, due to the supposed prevalent role of antibody production and immune complex formation in glomerulonephritis versus a direct reaction of immune cell towards the grafted kidney. However, both conditions share common pathogenetical pathways, and possible new therapeutic approaches are being envisaged. Innate immunity, particularly Toll-like receptors, dendritic cells and complement pathways, B cells and antibody networks are involved in the development of glomerular damage as well as graft injury. Consequently, new treatments targeting previously not considered immune pathways, like nuclear factor-κB or the proteasome and B-cell activation with antibody production, are being tested in glomerular diseases and in transplanted kidneys.