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Keywords = EAP-Swift

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Article
Opportunistic Mobility Support for Resource Constrained Sensor Devices in Smart Cities
by Daniel Granlund, Patrik Holmlund and Christer Åhlund
Sensors 2015, 15(3), 5112-5135; https://doi.org/10.3390/s150305112 - 2 Mar 2015
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 7155
Abstract
A multitude of wireless sensor devices and technologies are being developed and deployed in cities all over the world. Sensor applications in city environments may include highly mobile installations that span large areas which necessitates sensor mobility support. This paper presents and validates [...] Read more.
A multitude of wireless sensor devices and technologies are being developed and deployed in cities all over the world. Sensor applications in city environments may include highly mobile installations that span large areas which necessitates sensor mobility support. This paper presents and validates two mechanisms for supporting sensor mobility between different administrative domains. Firstly, EAP-Swift, an Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP)-based sensor authentication protocol is proposed that enables light-weight sensor authentication and key generation. Secondly, a mechanism for handoffs between wireless sensor gateways is proposed. We validate both mechanisms in a real-life study that was conducted in a smart city environment with several fixed sensors and moving gateways. We conduct similar experiments in an industry-based anechoic Long Term Evolution (LTE) chamber with an ideal radio environment. Further, we validate our results collected from the smart city environment against the results produced under ideal conditions to establish best and real-life case scenarios. Our results clearly validate that our proposed mechanisms can facilitate efficient sensor authentication and handoffs while sensors are roaming in a smart city environment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensors and Smart Cities)
Show Figures

Figure 1

Figure 1
<p>The Sense Smart City Architecture.</p>
Full article ">Figure 2
<p>EduRoam tree-like interconnection of AAA servers with different administrative domains.</p>
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<p>The EAP-Swift protocol authentication and session encryption key generation steps, including message exchange.</p>
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<p>Sensor node connection states and state transitions when connecting to a new sensor gateway.</p>
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<p>Experimental setup for sensor node power consumption measurement during the authentication procedure.</p>
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<p>Measured total authentication time for the EAP-Swift implementations based on MD5 and SHA1.</p>
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<p>Current consumption by the sensor node during one full authentication procedure using the MD5-based version of EAP-Swift.</p>
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<p>Experimental setup for evaluating the proposed handoff mechanism, with the sensor node roaming between different ADs.</p>
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<p>City environment experimental setup with fixed sensor nodes and mobile gateways connected to the cellular network (3G/LTE).</p>
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<p>(<b>a</b>) Actual measured authentication delay in experiments 3 and 4 in AD1, AD2 and in the controlled radio environment; (<b>b</b>) Measured authentication delay as shown in (<b>a</b>) with compensation for internet backhaul latency.</p>
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<p>Probability of successful sensor authentication with mobile gateways traveling at higher speeds based on authentication latency.</p>
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