International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

14 pages, 1002 KiB

Open AccessArticle

COVID-19 Mortality among Hospitalized Patients: Survival, Associated Factors, and Spatial Distribution in a City in São Paulo, Brazil, 2020

by Marília Jesus Batista, Carolina Matteussi Lino, Carla Fabiana Tenani, Adriano Pires Barbosa, Maria do Rosário Dias de Oliveira Latorre and Evaldo Marchi

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(9), 1211; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21091211 (registering DOI) - 14 Sep 2024

Abstract

The aims of this study were to analyze patient survival, identify the prognostic factors for patients with COVID-19 deaths considering the length of hospital stay, and evaluate the spatial distribution of these deaths in the city of Jundiaí, São Paulo, Brazil. We examined [...] Read more.

The aims of this study were to analyze patient survival, identify the prognostic factors for patients with COVID-19 deaths considering the length of hospital stay, and evaluate the spatial distribution of these deaths in the city of Jundiaí, São Paulo, Brazil. We examined prognostic variables and survival rates of COVID-19 patients hospitalized at a reference hospital in Jundiaí, Brazil. A retrospective cohort of hospitalized cases from April to July of 2020 was included. Descriptive analysis, Kaplan–Meier curves, univariate and multivariate Cox regression, and binary logistic regression models were used. Among the 902 reported and confirmed cases, there were 311 deaths (34.5%). The median survival was 27 days, and the mean for those discharged was 46 days. Regardless of the length of hospital stay, desaturation, immunosuppression, age over 60, kidney disease, hypertension, lung disease, and hypertension were found to be independent predictors of death in both Cox and logistic regression models. Full article

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16 pages, 351 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Comparative Analysis of Oral Health and Self-Rated Health: ‘All of Us Research Program’ vs. ‘Health and Retirement Study’

by Jane A. Weintraub, Kevin L. Moss, Tracy L. Finlayson, Judith A. Jones and John S. Preisser

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(9), 1210; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21091210 - 13 Sep 2024

Abstract

Poor oral health can impact overall health. This study assessed the association between dental factors (dentate status and dental utilization) and self-rated health (S-RH) among older adults in two cross-sectional datasets: (1) NIH “All of Us (AoU) Research Program” (May 2018—July 2022 release) [...] Read more.

Poor oral health can impact overall health. This study assessed the association between dental factors (dentate status and dental utilization) and self-rated health (S-RH) among older adults in two cross-sectional datasets: (1) NIH “All of Us (AoU) Research Program” (May 2018—July 2022 release) and (2) U.S. nationally representative “Health and Retirement Study” (HRS) 2018 wave. Participants aged ≥ 51 years were included in these analyses if (1) from AoU, they had clinical dental and medical data from electronic health records (EHRs) and surveys (n = 5480), and (2) from HRS, they had dental and socio-demographic survey data (n = 14,358). S-RH was dichotomized (fair/poor vs. better) and analyzed with logistic regression. Sample survey weights for HRS and stratification and averaging AoU results used the weighted HRS race–ethnicity and age distribution standardized respective analyses to the U.S. population. Fair/poor S-RH was reported by 32.6% in AoU and 28.6% in HRS. Dentate status information was available from 7.7% of AoU EHRs. In population-standardized analyses, lack of dental service use increased odds of fair/poor S-RH in AoU, OR (95% CI) = 1.28 (1.11–1.48), and in HRS = 1.45 (1.09–1.94), as did having diabetes, less education, and ever being a smoker. Having no natural teeth was not statistically associated with fair/poor S-RH. Lack of dental service was positively associated with fair/poor S-RH in both datasets. More and better oral health information in AoU and HRS are needed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Health among the Older Population)

12 pages, 461 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Discontinuation of Antidepressants and the Risk of Medication Resumption among Community-Dwelling Older Adults with Depression in the US

by Easter P. Gain, Xinhua Yu, Satish K. Kedia, Abu Mohd Naser, Morgan I. Bromley, Mark’Quest Ajoku and Xichen Mou

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(9), 1209; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21091209 - 13 Sep 2024

Abstract

Antidepressants are among the most prescribed drugs in the US, but the current treatment patterns and modalities among older adults are unclear. This study assessed the patterns of discontinuation of antidepressants and the risk of medication resumption among community-dwelling older adults with depression. [...] Read more.

Antidepressants are among the most prescribed drugs in the US, but the current treatment patterns and modalities among older adults are unclear. This study assessed the patterns of discontinuation of antidepressants and the risk of medication resumption among community-dwelling older adults with depression. Using Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey (MCBS) data from 2015–2019, we identified 1084 beneficiaries with depression who newly initiated serotonergic antidepressants. The risk of medication resumption was explored using survival analysis. The median duration of continuous medication was 90 days. However, about 30% of patients had a treatment duration of 30 days or shorter, 26% for 31–90 days, 15% for 91–180 days, and 30% for 181 days or more. After adjusting for all covariates, patients with less than 30 days of continuous medication were half as likely to resume the medications compared to those with 91–180 days (HR: 0.49 (95% CI: 0.37, 0.65)). Nearly one-third of older adults used an antidepressant medication for a short duration with a lower risk of medication resumption. A shorter treatment duration without resumption might suggest over-prescription of antidepressants among community-dwelling older adults. Full article

19 pages, 822 KiB

Open AccessReview

Understanding the Wellbeing Needs of First Nations Children in Out-of-Home Care in Australia: A Comprehensive Literature Review

by Darren Garvey, Ken Carter, Kate Anderson, Alana Gall, Kirsten Howard, Jemma Venables, Karen Healy, Lea Bill, Angeline Letendre, Michelle Dickson and Gail Garvey

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(9), 1208; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21091208 - 13 Sep 2024

Abstract

Introduction: Despite the increasing overrepresentation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (hereafter respectfully referred to as First Nations) children living in out-of-home care (OOHC) in Australia, little is known about their wellbeing needs. This comprehensive literature review aimed to identify these needs and [...] Read more.

Introduction: Despite the increasing overrepresentation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (hereafter respectfully referred to as First Nations) children living in out-of-home care (OOHC) in Australia, little is known about their wellbeing needs. This comprehensive literature review aimed to identify these needs and the features of care required to meet them. Methods: MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, Informit, PsycINFO, and Embase databases and relevant grey literature were searched from inception to December 2023 for articles presenting qualitative accounts and perspectives relevant to the wellbeing needs of First Nations children in OOHC. These included reports from First Nations children in OOHC; First Nations adults with lived experience of OOHC; carers, caseworkers, and organizational stakeholders; and First Nations community members with relevant lived and/or professional experience. We used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and Braun and Clarke’s reflexive thematic analysis method for data analysis. Results: Thirty-five articles (19 peer-reviewed, 16 grey literature) met the inclusion criteria. Our analysis revealed six wellbeing needs of First Nations children in OOHC: Being seen, being heard; a sense of stability; holistic health support; social and cultural connections; culturally safe OOHC providers; and preparedness for transitioning out of care. A range of features of OOHC were also identified as critical for supporting these needs. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that First Nations children in OOHC have unique wellbeing needs in addition to safety, security, and health. Attention to the development and maintenance of social and cultural connections is an important concern that must be addressed by OOHC providers (caseworkers and organizations) and carers and supported by OOHC policy and the associated systems in Australia as part of providing culturally safe and supportive care. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mental Health and Wellbeing of Children and Adolescents)

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17 pages, 903 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Parental Psychological Control and Risk-Taking among Taiwanese Adolescents and Emerging Adults: Benefit Perception as a Mediator

by Catherine P. Chou

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(9), 1207; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21091207 - 13 Sep 2024

Abstract

Youth risk-taking behaviors present important public health concerns due to their prevalence and potential adverse consequences, underscoring the need for research and prevention strategies to promote youth’s healthy development. The present research examined the relationship between parental psychological control and risk-taking behaviors via [...] Read more.

Youth risk-taking behaviors present important public health concerns due to their prevalence and potential adverse consequences, underscoring the need for research and prevention strategies to promote youth’s healthy development. The present research examined the relationship between parental psychological control and risk-taking behaviors via benefit perception among high school and college students in Taiwan. Using a cross-sectional design, the study surveyed 378 participants to assess maternal and paternal psychological control, benefit perception, and engagement in risk-taking behaviors. Results indicated no significant difference in psychological control or benefit perception between high school and college students. However, college students reported higher levels of risk-taking behaviors, such as risky driving, alcohol use, and unprotected sex. Both maternal and paternal psychological control positively correlated with benefit perception and risk-taking behaviors. Furthermore, benefit perception mediated the relationship between psychological control and risk-taking behavior among high school and college students. These findings suggested that parental psychological control indirectly influenced youth risk-taking by shaping their perceptions of the benefits of such behaviors. The study highlights the importance of promoting autonomy-supportive parenting to reduce risk-taking behaviors and advocates for programs that enhance decision-making skills among adolescents and emerging adults. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Health and Risk Behaviors in Adolescents and Youths)

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18 pages, 374 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Does It Take a Village? The Impact of LGBTQ+ Community and Geographic Location on Associations among Parenting Stress, Parent Mental Health, and Child Adjustment

by Kevin A. McAweeney and Rachel H. Farr

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(9), 1206; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21091206 - 12 Sep 2024

Abstract

While LGBTQ+-parented families share many similarities with their cis-het parent counterparts, they still experience unique factors exclusive to them. One such factor is access to the LGBTQ+ community. Utilizing a diverse sample of LGBTQ+ parents with adolescents in the U.S., primarily living in [...] Read more.

While LGBTQ+-parented families share many similarities with their cis-het parent counterparts, they still experience unique factors exclusive to them. One such factor is access to the LGBTQ+ community. Utilizing a diverse sample of LGBTQ+ parents with adolescents in the U.S., primarily living in Southern and Midwest states, we examined the potential moderating impact of a parent’s sense of LGBTQ+ community on the relationship between parenting stress, parent mental health, and child adjustment. Regression analyses demonstrated a series of positive associations between LGBTQ+ parent stress, parent mental health concerns, and child adjustment issues. However, sense of community failed to moderate these associations. Parent sexual identity, age, and recruitment method were found to have unique associations with outcome variables. Implications for policy, clinical practice, and future research are discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impact of Parent–Child Relationships on Psychological Well-Being among Sexual and Gender Minority Families)

7 pages, 593 KiB

Open AccessBrief Report

The Long Haul to Surgery: Long COVID Has Minimal Burden on Surgical Departments

by Nicole Hamilton Goldhaber, Karthik Ramesh, Lucy E. Horton, Christopher A. Longhurst, Estella Huang, Santiago Horgan, Garth R. Jacobsen, Bryan J. Sandler and Ryan C. Broderick

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(9), 1205; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21091205 - 12 Sep 2024

Abstract

Many patients infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus (COVID-19) continue to experience symptoms for weeks to years as sequelae of the initial infection, referred to as “Long COVID”. Although many studies have described the incidence and symptomatology of Long COVID, there are little data [...] Read more.

Many patients infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus (COVID-19) continue to experience symptoms for weeks to years as sequelae of the initial infection, referred to as “Long COVID”. Although many studies have described the incidence and symptomatology of Long COVID, there are little data reporting the potential burden of Long COVID on surgical departments. A previously constructed database of survey respondents who tested positive for COVID-19 was queried, identifying patients reporting experiencing symptoms consistent with Long COVID. Additional chart review determined whether respondents had a surgical or non-routine invasive procedure on or following the date of survey completion. Outcomes from surgeries on patients reporting Long COVID symptoms were compared to those from asymptomatic patients. A total of 17.4% of respondents had surgery or a non-routine invasive procedure in the study period. A total of 48.8% of these patients reported experiencing symptoms consistent with Long COVID. No statistically significant differences in surgical outcomes were found between groups. The results of this analysis demonstrate that Long COVID does not appear to have created a significant burden of surgical disease processes on the healthcare system despite the wide range of chronic symptoms and increased healthcare utilization by this population. This knowledge can help guide surgical operational resource allocation as a result of the pandemic and its longer-term sequelae. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue 2nd Edition: Public Health during and after the COVID-19 Pandemic)

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11 pages, 663 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

How to Reduce Physical Inactivity in School Context? A Systematic Review of the Concept of Body Practices

by Rodrigo Soto-Lagos, Tatiana Castillo-Parada, Luiz Pozo-Gómez, Pablo Romero-Álvarez and Gabriel Urzúa

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(9), 1204; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21091204 - 11 Sep 2024

Abstract

(1) Background: Physical inactivity is a recognized global problem, with schools identified by UNESCO and WHO as critical settings for intervention. Despite existing efforts, the prevalence of physical inactivity remains high. This study aims to explore the potential of the concept of body [...] Read more.

(1) Background: Physical inactivity is a recognized global problem, with schools identified by UNESCO and WHO as critical settings for intervention. Despite existing efforts, the prevalence of physical inactivity remains high. This study aims to explore the potential of the concept of body practices as a novel framework to address physical inactivity within school contexts, potentially offering an alternative to traditional intervention models. (2) Methods: This study carried out a systematic review of the concept of body practices to understand its use in the scientific literature. (3) Results: The results indicate that (a) the definition of the concept that the authors used is broad; (b) the problems they face are varied, such as the life cycle, negative emotions, gender, physical inactivity, well-being, and social problems; (c) the research methodologies are predominantly quantitative; (d) and the intervention in schools focuses on students, but not on the entire school community. (4) Conclusions: this concept has great potential for use in initiatives and/or policies that seek to address physical inactivity in the school context. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Active Living: The Causes and Consequences of an Inactivity Pandemic)

6 pages, 1119 KiB

Open AccessBrief Report

Long-Term Functional Outcomes and Quality of Life Following Carpal Tunnel Release Surgery

by Yuval Krieger, Mai Ofri, Gali Sagi, Hila Moshe-Noach, Pnina Raiden, Yaron Shoham, Amiram Sagi, Anat Reiner Benaim and Eldad Silberstein

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(9), 1203; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21091203 - 11 Sep 2024

Abstract

This study investigates the long-term efficacy of carpal tunnel release surgery (CTR) on patient outcomes. We aimed to assess symptom severity, functional limitations, and quality of life in a large cohort (n = 186) at least five years post-surgery via a retrospective cross-sectional [...] Read more.

This study investigates the long-term efficacy of carpal tunnel release surgery (CTR) on patient outcomes. We aimed to assess symptom severity, functional limitations, and quality of life in a large cohort (n = 186) at least five years post-surgery via a retrospective cross-sectional design that evaluated participants using the validated Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire (BCTQ) over a phone interview. The BCTQ measures symptom severity, functional limitations, and quality of life specific to carpal tunnel syndrome. Seventy-three percent (73.1%) of patients reported complete resolution of symptoms and functional limitations (BCTQ = 1) with an average follow-up of 11 years. No statistically significant decline in BCTQ scores was observed over time. Univariate analysis revealed a significant association between poorer outcomes and older age at surgery and current unemployment. Carpal tunnel release surgery demonstrates long-term effectiveness in relieving symptoms and improving function in most patients. These findings contribute to the understanding of CTR’s impact on patient well-being beyond short-term outcomes. Full article

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32 pages, 5227 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Global Suicide Mortality Rates (2000–2019): Clustering, Themes, and Causes Analyzed through Machine Learning and Bibliographic Data

by Erinija Pranckeviciene and Judita Kasperiuniene

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(9), 1202; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21091202 - 10 Sep 2024

Abstract

Suicide research is directed at understanding social, economic, and biological causes of suicide thoughts and behaviors. (1) Background: Worldwide, certain countries have high suicide mortality rates (SMRs) compared to others. Age-standardized suicide mortality rates (SMRs) published by the World Health Organization (WHO) plus [...] Read more.

Suicide research is directed at understanding social, economic, and biological causes of suicide thoughts and behaviors. (1) Background: Worldwide, certain countries have high suicide mortality rates (SMRs) compared to others. Age-standardized suicide mortality rates (SMRs) published by the World Health Organization (WHO) plus numerous bibliographic records of the Web of Science (WoS) database provide resources to understand these disparities between countries and regions. (2) Methods: Hierarchical clustering was applied to age-standardized suicide mortality rates per 100,000 population from 2000–2019. Keywords of country-specific suicide-related publications collected from WoS were analyzed by network and association rule mining. Keyword embedding was carried out using a recurrent neural network. (3) Results: Countries with similar SMR trends formed naturally distinct groups of high, medium, and low suicide mortality rates. Major themes in suicide research worldwide are depression, mental disorders, youth suicide, euthanasia, hopelessness, loneliness, unemployment, and drugs. Prominent themes differentiating countries and regions include: alcohol in post-Soviet countries; HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa, war veterans and PTSD in the Middle East, students in East Asia, and many others. (4) Conclusion: Countries naturally group into high, medium, and low SMR categories characterized by different keyword-informed themes. The compiled dataset and presented methodology enable enrichment of analytical results by bibliographic data where observed results are difficult to interpret. Full article

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19 pages, 322 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Supporting Women after Obstetric Fistula Surgery to Enhance Their Social Participation and Inclusion

by Tibeb Debele, Heather M. Aldersey, Danielle Macdonald, Zelalem Mengistu, Dawit Gebeyehu Mekonnen and Beata Batorowicz

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(9), 1201; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21091201 - 10 Sep 2024

Abstract

Obstetric fistula is a childbirth complication causing abnormal openings between the urinary, bowel, and genital tracts, leading to involuntary leakage and potential long-term disability. Even after surgical repair, women continue to face psychological and social challenges that affect their social inclusion and participation. [...] Read more.

Obstetric fistula is a childbirth complication causing abnormal openings between the urinary, bowel, and genital tracts, leading to involuntary leakage and potential long-term disability. Even after surgical repair, women continue to face psychological and social challenges that affect their social inclusion and participation. This study explored family and service provider perspectives on current support systems and identified gaps affecting women’s inclusion and participation post-fistula surgery. Building on a prior study of women who underwent obstetric fistula surgical repair, we qualitatively examined available formal and informal post-surgical supports in Ethiopia. We conducted 20 interviews with family members and service providers and analyzed them using Charmaz’s grounded theory inductive analysis approach. We identified four themes that indicated the available formal support in fistula care, the impact of formal support on women’s social participation and inclusion, the gaps in formal support systems, and post-surgery informal supports and their challenges. Both groups believed support needs for women after surgery remain unmet, highlighting the need to strengthen holistic support services to improve women’s social inclusion and participation. This study contributes to limited research on formal and informal support for women, emphasizing the need for enhanced economic, psychological, and sexual health-related support post-obstetric fistula surgery. Full article

12 pages, 3551 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Study on the Effectiveness of a Copper Electrostatic Filtration System “Aerok 1.0” for Air Disinfection

by Roberto Albertini, Maria Eugenia Colucci, Isabella Viani, Emanuela Capobianco, Michele Serpentino, Alessia Coluccia, Mostafa Mohieldin Mahgoub Ibrahim, Roberta Zoni, Paola Affanni, Licia Veronesi and Cesira Pasquarella

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(9), 1200; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21091200 - 10 Sep 2024

Abstract

Background: Bioaerosols can represent a danger to health. During SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, portable devices were used in different environments and considered a valuable prevention tool. This study has evaluated the effectiveness of the air treatment device “AEROK 1.0^®” in reducing microbial, particulate, [...] Read more.

Background: Bioaerosols can represent a danger to health. During SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, portable devices were used in different environments and considered a valuable prevention tool. This study has evaluated the effectiveness of the air treatment device “AEROK 1.0^®” in reducing microbial, particulate, and pollen airborne contamination indoors, during normal activity. Methods: In an administrative room, airborne microbial contamination was measured using active (DUOSAS 360 and MD8) and passive sampling; a particle counter was used to evaluate particle concentrations; a Hirst-type pollen trap was used to assess airborne pollen and Alternaria spores. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0; p values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: The airborne bacterial contamination assessed by the two different samplers decreased by 56% and 69%, respectively. The airborne bacterial contamination assessed by passive sampling decreased by 44%. For fungi, the reduction was 39% by active sampling. Airborne particles (diameters ≥ 1.0, 2.0 μm) and the ratio of indoor/outdoor concentrations of total pollen and Alternaria spp. spores significantly decreased. Conclusions: The results highlight the effectiveness of AEROK 1.0^® in reducing airborne contamination. The approach carried out represents a contribution to the definition of a standardized model for evaluating the effectiveness of devices to be used for air disinfection. Full article

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Positioning points of air samplers (active sampling with <img alt="Ijerph 21 01200 i001" src="/ijerph/ijerph-21-01200/article_deploy/html/images/ijerph-21-01200-i001.png"/> DUOSAS, <img alt="Ijerph 21 01200 i002" src="/ijerph/ijerph-21-01200/article_deploy/html/images/ijerph-21-01200-i002.png"/> MD8), <img alt="Ijerph 21 01200 i003" src="/ijerph/ijerph-21-01200/article_deploy/html/images/ijerph-21-01200-i003.png"/> Petri dishes (passive sampling), particle counter (<img alt="Ijerph 21 01200 i004" src="/ijerph/ijerph-21-01200/article_deploy/html/images/ijerph-21-01200-i004.png"/>), pollen trap (<img alt="Ijerph 21 01200 i005" src="/ijerph/ijerph-21-01200/article_deploy/html/images/ijerph-21-01200-i005.png"/>), and “AEROK” in the studied room. Particle sampler and pollen trap were used at different times than active and passive microbial sampling. Full article ">Figure 2
Bacterial air contamination (IMA) at point E and at corridor. Full article ">Figure 3
Cfu/m3 mean values obtained by DUOSAS and MD8. Full article ">Figure 4
IMA median values and interquartile range at the different sampling points and times. ° Outliers; * Extreme outliers. Full article ">Figure 5
Mean values of the weekly indoor-to-outdoor concentration ratio of total pollen and fungal spores of Alternaria spp. with AEROK off and with AEROK on. Full article ">

14 pages, 1408 KiB

Open AccessReview

Diet and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Scoping Review

by Marcela Gomes Reis, Lucas Carvalho Lopes, Ana Beatriz Amaral M. De A. Sanches, Nathalia Sernizon Guimarães and Roberta Rayra Martins-Chaves

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(9), 1199; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21091199 - 10 Sep 2024

Abstract

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the sixth most common type of cancer globally. While smoking is a key risk factor, rising cases in non-smokers highlight the need to explore other factors like diet. This scoping review aims to deepen the evidence on [...] Read more.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the sixth most common type of cancer globally. While smoking is a key risk factor, rising cases in non-smokers highlight the need to explore other factors like diet. This scoping review aims to deepen the evidence on the relationship between OSCC and diet, following PRISMA-ScR guidelines, and was registered on Open Science Framework. Searches were performed in four electronic databases: MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and Lilacs, without date or language restrictions. Studies were evaluated, extracted, and compiled in a narrative table. Seventeen studies with 10,954 patients were analyzed. Most patients were male (74.63%), aged 18–89 (average 50.62). Studies were mainly from high (82%) and medium (17%) Human Development Index (HDI) countries. Dietary surveys included a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) (58.8%), interviews/questionnaires (17.6%), and an FFQ with a photographic atlas (5.9%). Certain foods in excess like fruits, vegetables, and tea were inversely associated with OSCC, while salty meats, dairy, coffee, sausages, and fried and spicy foods were positively associated. Due to the heterogeneity of the tools used to obtain food frequency data, the results should be interpreted cautiously. New standardized studies and randomized trials are essential to advance understanding and control confounding factors in this field. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Burden of Cancer Worldwide)

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13 pages, 1833 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Decrease in Socioeconomic Disparities in Self-Rated Oral Health among Brazilian Adults between 2013 and 2019: Results from the National Health Survey

by Anna Rachel dos Santos Soares, Maria Luiza Viana Fonseca, Deborah Carvalho Malta, Loliza Luiz Figueiredo Houri Chalub and Raquel Conceição Ferreira

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(9), 1198; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21091198 - 10 Sep 2024

Abstract

This cross-sectional study assessed the magnitude of inequalities in self-rated oral health (SROH) among different socioeconomic groups in Brazil. Secondary data from interviews with a sample of adults (≥18 years) from the national health survey 2013 (n = 64,308) and 2019 ( [...] Read more.

This cross-sectional study assessed the magnitude of inequalities in self-rated oral health (SROH) among different socioeconomic groups in Brazil. Secondary data from interviews with a sample of adults (≥18 years) from the national health survey 2013 (n = 64,308) and 2019 (n = 88,531) were analyzed. Positive SROH was considered when participants selected the good or very good options. Socioeconomic indicators were monthly household income and years of education. The magnitude of inequalities among socioeconomic groups was estimated using the Slope (SII) and Relative Index of Inequality (RII). Interaction term assessed changes in SII/RII over time. Estimates were adjusted for sex and age. The prevalence of SROH was 67.50% in 2013 and 69.68% in 2019. Individuals with lower socioeconomic indicators had a lower prevalence of positive SROH. Significant reductions in the magnitude of the education-based RII between 2013 (1.58) and 2019 (1.48) in Brazil, as well as in north (1.70; 1.45) and northeast (1.50; 1.41) regions and reduction in the income-based RII in the north (1.71; 1.51) were observed. Socioeconomic inequalities in SROH persist across different Brazilian regions, although there was a reduction in disparities among education groups in 2019 compared with 2013. The findings of this study suggest that equitable Brazilian oral health policies may have contributed to reducing SROH inequality over time. Full article

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16 pages, 1211 KiB

Open AccessReview

Food Delivery Apps and Their Potential to Address Food Insecurity in Older Adults: A Review

by Sangchul Hwang, Cassandra M. Johnson, Joni Charles and Lesli Biediger-Friedman

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(9), 1197; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21091197 - 10 Sep 2024

Abstract

The proportion of older adults is increasing globally, yet many of them experience food insecurity. Technological innovations, such as increased access to internet- and mobile-based food delivery apps (FDAs), may help mitigate food insecurity. However, this topic has been understudied. This scoping review [...] Read more.

The proportion of older adults is increasing globally, yet many of them experience food insecurity. Technological innovations, such as increased access to internet- and mobile-based food delivery apps (FDAs), may help mitigate food insecurity. However, this topic has been understudied. This scoping review searched for publications and online technical reports from around the world using interdisciplinary databases like ScienceDirect and internet sources like government websites, respectively. Eligible references were published recently (2019–present) and focused on general technology use, including apps, among older adults (≥50 years) or FDAs for food insecurity or nutritional health generally or specifically among older adults. The search identified 19 studies from 10 countries and extracted relevant information for summary tables. A limited number of studies supported the idea that FDAs can help address food insecurity, but there are important equity considerations for older adults living in rural areas or with constrained physical abilities. Consistently, customized app features and functions increased the intention to use FDAs. In addition, FDAs may have health and environmental impacts, such as food waste and increased access or promotion of ultraprocessed foods. Additional research is needed to elucidate the potential of FDAs to address food insecurity generally and specifically among older adults. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances in Health of Older Adults)

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14 pages, 338 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Grade-Level Differences in the Profiles of Substance Use and Behavioral Health Problems: A Multi-Group Latent Class Analysis

by Kechna Cadet, Ashley V. Hill, Tamika D. Gilreath and Renee M. Johnson

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(9), 1196; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21091196 - 10 Sep 2024

Abstract

We investigated associations between polysubstance use and behavioral problems among adolescents. Because substance use becomes more developmentally normative with age, we examined whether polysubstance use was less likely to co-occur with behavioral problems among older (vs. younger) adolescents. Using data from a nationally [...] Read more.

We investigated associations between polysubstance use and behavioral problems among adolescents. Because substance use becomes more developmentally normative with age, we examined whether polysubstance use was less likely to co-occur with behavioral problems among older (vs. younger) adolescents. Using data from a nationally representative survey of US high school students, we compared the association between polysubstance use (i.e., use of alcohol, cannabis, tobacco/nicotine, and illicit drugs) and behavioral problems (i.e., suicide attempts, depressive symptoms, poor school performance, and sexual risk behaviors) by grade level. We conducted latent class analysis (LCA) to characterize patterns of polysubstance use, and multi-group LCA to estimate invariance by grade. Among the three latent classes that emerged, classes were distinguished by having low, moderate, and high probabilities for behavior problems and use of substances. Class I comprised 52% of the sample, whereas classes II and III comprised 35% and 12% of the sample, respectively. The multi-group LCA showed that younger adolescents had a higher relative probability of co-occurring problem behaviors and polysubstance use. Findings may be helpful in targeting screening and prevention efforts of high school students by grade. Specifically, our results provide evidence that associations between behavioral problems and alcohol/drug use are weaker in later high school grades, suggesting that substance use may not be a weaker marker of behavioral problems for students in higher grades. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Alcohol and Drugs of Addiction, Aggression and Violence)

11 pages, 1026 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Association between Dental Fear and Children’s Oral Health-Related Quality of Life

by Fahad Hegazi, Nada Alghamdi, Danah Alhajri, Lulwah Alabdulqader, Danah Alhammad, Lama Alshamrani, Sumit Bedi and Sonali Sharma

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(9), 1195; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21091195 - 10 Sep 2024

Abstract

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the association between both parental dental fear and children’s dental fear and its impact on the Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) of Saudi children in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Methods: Data on 93 individuals [...] Read more.

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the association between both parental dental fear and children’s dental fear and its impact on the Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) of Saudi children in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Methods: Data on 93 individuals aged 7–12 years were collected using clinical examination and Arabic-validated questionnaires: the Child Oral Health Impact Profile-Short Form (COHIP-SF19), and the Children’s Fear Survey Schedule—Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS). Negative binomial regression analysis was performed to study the association between children’s fear and parental dental fear as well as the OHRQoL, while adjusting for certain confounders. Results: Overall, our multivariate analyses showed that children with high dental fear (CFSS-DS ≥ 38, p = 0.027) and a higher percentage of dental caries (p = 0.013) had a significantly lower OHRQoL after adjusting for clinical and socio-demographic factors. Further, parental fear of dentists was significantly associated with children’s fear of dentists (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that children’s fear and dental caries are both associated with poorer OHRQoL. Further, parental dental fear about dentists was associated with children’s fear of dentists. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Child Physical Activity and Health)

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11 pages, 490 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Physiological and Psychological Effects of Short-Term Recreational Football in Adults 60+

by Mélanie Boithias, Thi Thao Truc Le, Emma Guillet-Descas, Alain Belli, Mikko Julin and Michael J. Duncan

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(9), 1194; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21091194 - 9 Sep 2024

Abstract

Recreational football has shown growing evidence that it could be played safely in adults aged 60+ and that it is physically beneficial. Less is known about the psychological aspects, except for the lived experiences of players. The aim of the present study was [...] Read more.

Recreational football has shown growing evidence that it could be played safely in adults aged 60+ and that it is physically beneficial. Less is known about the psychological aspects, except for the lived experiences of players. The aim of the present study was to analyze both physiological and psychological effects of short-term recreational football. Fifteen participants took part in a six-week training program of recreational football played at a walking pace with two sessions of 1 h and 30 m per week. Physical fitness was assessed before and after the training period and psychological questionnaires were given at the same time. Body mass and body mass index were significantly decreased, but no other significant effects were found on physical fitness. Participants experienced less frustration related to psychological needs (autonomy and competence). Six weeks were too short to observe significant physical improvements while psychological benefits were already experienced. In this short period, psychological aspects seem predominant. These effects may encourage to long-term adhesion. The activity has the potential to keep adults 60+ exercising, which is important for maintaining good global health and seeing physical changes later. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Activity Interventions among Older Adults: Health and Functional Outcomes)

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11 pages, 306 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Impact of Physical Activity on Memory Loss and Concentration in Adults Aged 18 or Older in the U.S. in 2020

by Serena C. L. Buchwald, Daniel Gitelman, Dins Smits, Pura E. Rodriguez de la Vega and Noël C. Barengo

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21(9), 1193; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21091193 - 9 Sep 2024

Abstract

This cross-sectional study used secondary data from the USA 2020 National Health Interview Survey database. The goal of this study is to outline the impact physical activity has on cognition and mental ability. The reason we chose to pursue this research was a [...] Read more.

This cross-sectional study used secondary data from the USA 2020 National Health Interview Survey database. The goal of this study is to outline the impact physical activity has on cognition and mental ability. The reason we chose to pursue this research was a result of the exponentially growing weight of economic and emotional burden caused by cognitive impairments and diseases. The main outcome was whether individuals experienced dementia symptoms such as memory loss and difficulty concentrating. The main exposure was following physical activity guidelines (none, strength only, aerobic only, both). The confounders included age, sex, region, heart disease status, smoking status, drinking status, and depression status. The sample is composed of 30,119 USA adults aged 18 or older. Of those participants, 46% were male and 54% were female. By age, 96% were 18–84 years old, and approximately 4% were 85 and older. Logistic regression analysis was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). There was a statistically significant association between difficulty following physical activity guidelines and cognitive difficulties. Those who met aerobic only increased the odds of cognitive difficulty by 52% (OR 1.52; 95% CI: 1.34–1.74) compared with those who met both criteria. Those who met the strength criteria had 1.7 greater odds of cognitive difficulties (OR 1.70; 95% CI: 1.42–2.02) than those who met both criteria. Those who met neither of these guidelines had almost threefold greater odds of having cognitive difficulties (OR 2.64; 95% CI: 2.36–2.96) than those who met both guidelines. Researchers and healthcare providers should collaborate to encourage meeting these guidelines and addressing barriers preventing people from being physically active, such as physical limitations and access to safe recreational spaces. Future studies should address the health disparities regarding physical activity. Full article

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