Organo-Selenium-Containing Polyester Bandage Inhibits Bacterial Biofilm Growth on the Bandage and in the Wound
<p>Graph of the colony-forming units of (<b>A</b>) <span class="html-italic">Staphylococcus aureus</span> GFP AH133, (<b>B</b>) <span class="html-italic">Stenotrophomonas maltophilia</span> ATCC<sup>®</sup> 53199™, (<b>C</b>) <span class="html-italic">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</span> PAO1 GFP, (<b>D</b>) <span class="html-italic">Enterococcus faecalis</span> GFP, (<b>E</b>) Methicillin-resistant <span class="html-italic">Staphylococcus aureus</span> CI 1, (<b>F</b>) Methicillin-resistant <span class="html-italic">Staphylococcus aureus</span> CI 2, and (<b>G</b>) <span class="html-italic">Staphylococcus epidermidis</span> CI biofilms formed on untreated polyester and 1% Se-AAEMA polyester. Values represent the means of triplicate experiments ± SEM. A two-tailed unpaired t test was used to determine statistical significance. Untreated polyester has AAEMA but no selenium.</p> "> Figure 2
<p>In Vitro study. Representative confocal laser scanning microscopy images of (<b>A</b>) <span class="html-italic">Staphylococcus aureus</span> GFP AH133, (<b>B</b>) <span class="html-italic">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</span> PAO1 GFP, and (<b>C</b>) <span class="html-italic">Enterococcus faecalis GFP</span> biofilm formed on untreated polyester and 1% Se-AAEMA polyester. Untreated polyester has AAEMA but no selenium. (<b>D</b>–<b>F</b>) are the same samples as those above however they have Se-AAEMA. As seen all the bacteria are eliminated. The bar is 200 μm.</p> "> Figure 3
<p>Graph of the colony-forming units of (<b>A</b>) <span class="html-italic">Staphylococcus aureus</span> GFP AH133, (<b>B</b>) <span class="html-italic">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</span> PAO1 GFP, (<b>C</b>) Methicillin-resistant <span class="html-italic">Staphylococcus aureus</span> CI 1, and (<b>D</b>) Methicillin-resistant <span class="html-italic">Staphylococcus aureus</span> CI 2 biofilms formed on the polyester dressings and in the tissue under the polyester dressings on a mouse wound. Values represent the means of six replicate experiments ± SEM. A two-tailed unpaired t test was used to determine statistical significance. Untreated polyester has AAEMA but no selenium.</p> "> Figure 4
<p>Mouse wounds after 5 days. Representative confocal laser scanning microscopy images of (<b>A</b>) <span class="html-italic">Staphylococcus aureus</span> GFP AH133 with untreated polyester showing bacteria in the AAEMA bandage, and (<b>B</b>) is the same except it is with a Se-AAEMA bandage, while (<b>E</b>) is the tissue under bandage (<b>A</b>), and (<b>F</b>) is the tissue under bandage (<b>B</b>). (<b>C</b>) is <span class="html-italic">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</span> PAO1 GFP biofilms formed on the AAEMA treated polyester dressings and (<b>D</b>) is the same as (<b>A</b>) except it is with the SeAAEMA treated dressing. (<b>G</b>) is the tissue under the polyester dressings (<b>A</b>), and (<b>H</b>) is the tissue under the SeAAEMA bandage (<b>D</b>). Bar is 100 μm.</p> "> Figure 5
<p>Graphs of the colony-forming units recovered from the effect of AAEMA and SeAAEMA coated polyester dressing (<b>A</b>) <span class="html-italic">S. aureus</span> Lux Xen29 and (<b>B</b>) <span class="html-italic">P. aeruginosa</span> Lux Xen5 in the polyester dressings and the mouse wound tissue. Untreated polyester has AAEMA but no selenium.</p> "> Figure 6
<p>Representative IVIS in vivo live images of (<b>A</b>) <span class="html-italic">S. aureus</span> Lux Xen29 under AAEMA polyester dressing and (<b>B</b>) Se-AAEMA polyester dressing. (<b>C</b>) <span class="html-italic">P. aeruginosa</span> Lux Xen5 biofilms formed under the AAEMA polyester dressings and (<b>D</b>) the Se-AAEMA polyester dressing.</p> "> Figure 7
<p>Stability study of bandage after one month in PBS at 37 °C. The inhibitory effect of the organo-selenium coating is long-lasting against <span class="html-italic">Staphylococcus aureus</span> GFP AH133 biofilms formed on untreated polyester and 1% Se-AAEMA polyester, which were previously soaked in 1× PBS (pH = 7.4) for three months. Values represent the means of quadruplicate experiments ± SEM. (<b>A</b>) two-tailed unpaired t test was used to determine statistical significance. Representative confocal laser scanning microscopy images of (<b>B</b>) <span class="html-italic">Staphylococcus aureus</span> GFP AH133 biofilms formed on untreated polyester and (<b>C</b>) 1% Se-AAEMA polyester, which were previously soaked in 1× PBS (pH = 7.4) for three months. Untreated polyester has AAEMA but no selenium. Bar is 200 m.</p> ">
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Section
2.1. Coating Polyester Dressing with Polymerized Se-AAEMA
2.2. Bacterial Strains
2.3. Colony-Forming Unit (CFU) Assay In Vitro
2.4. Mouse Wound Infection Model
2.5. Biofilm Detection by Assay Using the Dressing
2.6. Biofilm Detection Assay for Tissue
2.7. Biofilm Analysis by Fluorescence Microscopy
2.8. In Vivo Live Imaging Studies
2.9. Analysis of the Long-Term Stability of the Organo-Selenium-Containing Polyester Dressing
2.10. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. In Vitro Testing of the Selenium-Coated Polyester Bandage against Biofim Formation by Different Bacterial Strains
3.2. In Vitro Visualization of Biofilm Formation by Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy for Different Bacteria on a Polyester Bandage with and without a Selenium Coating
3.3. In Vivo Studies of Biofilm Formation on a Polyester Dressing and in the Underlying Wound on a Mouse Wound Model
3.4. In Vivo Live Imaging of the Growth of Bacteria in the Wound
3.5. Stability of the Selenium-Coated Polyester Bandage in Preventing Biofilm Formation
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Tran, P.; Enos, T.; Luth, K.; Hamood, A.; Ray, C.; Mitchell, K.; Reid, T.W. Organo-Selenium-Containing Polyester Bandage Inhibits Bacterial Biofilm Growth on the Bandage and in the Wound. Biomedicines 2020, 8, 62. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines8030062
Tran P, Enos T, Luth K, Hamood A, Ray C, Mitchell K, Reid TW. Organo-Selenium-Containing Polyester Bandage Inhibits Bacterial Biofilm Growth on the Bandage and in the Wound. Biomedicines. 2020; 8(3):62. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines8030062
Chicago/Turabian StyleTran, Phat, Tyler Enos, Keaton Luth, Abdul Hamood, Coby Ray, Kelly Mitchell, and Ted W. Reid. 2020. "Organo-Selenium-Containing Polyester Bandage Inhibits Bacterial Biofilm Growth on the Bandage and in the Wound" Biomedicines 8, no. 3: 62. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines8030062