A Real-Time Spoofing Detection Method Using Three Low-Cost Antennas in Satellite Navigation
<p>Configuration diagram of three collinear antennas.</p> "> Figure 2
<p>Distribution graph of false alarm rate <span class="html-italic">P<sub>fa</sub></span>.</p> "> Figure 3
<p>Satellite distribution sky map under the body frame coordinate system.</p> "> Figure 4
<p>Probability density distribution of <span class="html-italic">SSE</span> statistics of simulated data: (<b>a</b>) Set1: <span class="html-italic">d</span><sub>12</sub> = 0.20 m; (<b>b</b>) Set2: <span class="html-italic">d</span><sub>12</sub> = 0.30 m.</p> "> Figure 5
<p>Detection probability corresponding to different spoofing signal directions.</p> "> Figure 6
<p>Physical image of experimental equipment: (<b>a</b>) Physical diagram of the receiver hardware; (<b>b</b>) Physical picture of three collinear antennas.</p> "> Figure 7
<p>Box diagram of observed and estimated values of pointing vector without spoofing signal.</p> "> Figure 8
<p><span class="html-italic">SSE</span> statistics of real signals: (<b>a</b>) Set 1; (<b>b</b>) Set 2.</p> "> Figure 9
<p>Physical picture of broadcasting equipment: (<b>a</b>) NavX<sup>®</sup>-NCS signal generator; (<b>b</b>) Spoofing signal transmitting antenna.</p> "> Figure 10
<p>Box diagram of observed and estimated values of pointing vector with spoofing signal.</p> "> Figure 11
<p><span class="html-italic">SSE</span> statistics with one spoofing signal.</p> "> Figure 12
<p><span class="html-italic">SSE</span> statistics with two spoofing signals.</p> ">
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Principle of Spoofing Detection Method Using Three Collinear Antennas
3. Simulation Verification Results
4. Experimental Performance Verification
4.1. Performance Verification of Scenarios without Spoofing Signal
4.2. Performance Verification with Spoofing Signal
5. Discussion and Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Scheme | Set | H0 Hypothesis | H1 Hypothesis | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Skewness | Set 1 | 1.674 | 1.678 | 0.383 | 0.420 |
Set 2 | 1.679 | 1.681 | 0.262 | 0.288 | |
Kurtosis | Set 1 | 6.002 | 6.016 | 3.506 | 3.533 |
Set 2 | 6.011 | 6.012 | 3.124 | 3.140 |
Scenario | Set | Scheme | Mean (°) | Std (°) |
---|---|---|---|---|
H0 | Set1 | Δg | 0.5923 | 5.0593 |
Δg′ | 0.2576 (57%) | 3.7250 (26%) | ||
Set2 | Δg | 0.3268 | 3.8727 | |
Δg′ | 0.1484 (55%) | 1.5452 (60%) | ||
H1 | Set1 | Δgs | 1.1628 | 7.4731 |
Δgs′ | 0.4717 (59%) | 4.6178 (38%) | ||
Set2 | Δgs | 0.5165 | 4.2869 | |
Δgs′ | 0.2292 (56%) | 2.1197 (51%) |
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Chen, J.; Wang, X.; Fang, Z.; Jiang, C.; Gao, M.; Xu, Y. A Real-Time Spoofing Detection Method Using Three Low-Cost Antennas in Satellite Navigation. Electronics 2024, 13, 1134. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13061134
Chen J, Wang X, Fang Z, Jiang C, Gao M, Xu Y. A Real-Time Spoofing Detection Method Using Three Low-Cost Antennas in Satellite Navigation. Electronics. 2024; 13(6):1134. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13061134
Chicago/Turabian StyleChen, Jiajia, Xueying Wang, Zhibo Fang, Cheng Jiang, Ming Gao, and Ying Xu. 2024. "A Real-Time Spoofing Detection Method Using Three Low-Cost Antennas in Satellite Navigation" Electronics 13, no. 6: 1134. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13061134