A Multi-Terminal Control Method for AC Grids Based on a Hybrid High-Voltage Direct Current with Cascaded MMC Converters
<p>The configuration of the BHT-JS hybrid HVDC system.</p> "> Figure 2
<p>Control modes of LCC converters.</p> "> Figure 3
<p>The CPC diagram.</p> "> Figure 4
<p>The power and UI characteristics of a hybrid cascaded HVDC system.</p> "> Figure 5
<p>Diagram of the robust control model.</p> "> Figure 6
<p>Diagram of damping requirements.</p> "> Figure 7
<p>The supplementary damping controller of the rectifier LCC converter for sending AC grid.</p> "> Figure 8
<p>The supplementary damping controller of MMC2 in CPC for ending AC grid.</p> "> Figure 9
<p>The pole locations of <b><span class="html-italic">G</span><sub>1</sub></b> with and without controller.</p> "> Figure 10
<p>The rotor speed of the sending AC system.</p> "> Figure 11
<p>The rotor speed of the receiving AC system.</p> "> Figure 12
<p>The DC power of the LCC inverter.</p> "> Figure 13
<p>The DC power of the MMC1 inverter.</p> "> Figure 14
<p>The rotor speed of the sending AC system.</p> "> Figure 15
<p>The rotor speed of the receiving AC system.</p> "> Figure 16
<p>The DC power of the LCC inverter.</p> "> Figure 17
<p>The DC power of the MMC1 inverter.</p> "> Figure 18
<p>The rotor speed of the sending AC system.</p> "> Figure 19
<p>The rotor speed of the receiving AC system.</p> "> Figure 20
<p>The active power of the LCC inverter.</p> "> Figure 21
<p>The DC power of the MMC1 inverter.</p> ">
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. The Control Characteristics of Hybrid Cascaded HVDC
2.1. HVDC System Configuration
2.2. Control Modes
2.2.1. LCC Converters
2.2.2. MMC Converters
2.2.3. The Mathematical Model
3. The Multi-Terminal Coordinated Control Method for AC Grids Based on Hybrid HVDC
3.1. Identification of Controlled AC-DC System
3.2. Controller Design
- (1)
- H2 Performance
- (2)
- H∞ Performance
- (3)
- LMI Solution Procedure
- (4)
- Multi-Objectives Solution
3.3. Multi-Terminal Controller for AC Grids
4. Simulations and Verification
4.1. The Controller Design
4.1.1. Identification of Controlled AC-DC System
4.1.2. Controller Design
4.2. The Simulations of Controllers
- Scenario 1: under small disturbances at both terminals;
- Scenario 2: under simultaneous large disturbances at both terminals;
- Scenario 3: under successive large disturbances at both terminals.
- (1)
- Scenario 1
- (2)
- Scenario 2
- (3)
- Scenario 3
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Jiang, Q.; Li, B.; Liu, T. Tech-Economic Assessment of Power Transmission Options for Large-Scale Offshore Wind Farms in China. Processes 2022, 10, 979. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jiang, Q.; Li, B.; Liu, T.; Blaabjerg, F.; Wang, P. Study of Cyber Attack’s Impact on LCC-HVDC System with False Data Injection. IEEE Trans. Smart Grid 2023, 14, 3220–3231. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jiang, Q.; Zeng, X.; Li, B.; Wang, S.; Liu, T.; Chen, Z.; Wang, T.; Zhang, M. Time-sharing frequency coordinated control strategy for PMSG-based wind turbine. IEEE J. Emerg. Sel. Top. Circuits Syst. 2022, 12, 268–278. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tao, Y.; Li, B.; Liu, T.; Jiang, Q.; Blaabjerg, F. Practical Fault Current Level Evaluation and Limiting Method of Bipolar HVDC Grid Based on Topology Optimization. IEEE Syst. J. 2021, 16, 4466–4476. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kotb, O.; Sood, V.K. A hybrid HVDC transmission system supplying a passive load. In Proceedings of the IEEE Electric Power & Energy Conference, Halifax, NS, Canada, 25–27 August 2011. [Google Scholar]
- Xiao, L.; Wang, G.; Xu, Y. Methods for power flow calculation and electro-mechanical transient modeling of LCC-MMC hybrid multi-terminal HVDC system. High Volt. Eng. 2019, 45, 2578–2586. [Google Scholar]
- Guo, C.; Zhao, C.; Montanari, A.; Gole, A.M.; Xiao, X. Investigation of hybrid bipolar HVDC system performances. In Zhongguo Dianji Gongcheng, Xuebao (Proceedings of the Chinese Society of Electrical Engineering); Chinese Society for Electrical Engineering: Beijing, China, 2012; Volume 32, pp. 98–104. [Google Scholar]
- Guo, C.; Zhao, C.; Chen, X. Analysis of dual-infeed HVDC with LCC inverter and VSC rectifier. In Proceedings of the IEEE PES General Meeting, Conference & Exposition, National Harbor, MD, USA, 27–31 July 2014. [Google Scholar]
- Ni, X.; Zhao, C.; Guo, C.; Liu, D. The impact of LCC-HVDC on the strength of VSC-HVDC systems in hybrid dual feed DC transmission systems. Power Grid Technol. 2017, 41, 2436–2442. [Google Scholar]
- Li, M.; Li, Y.; Xu, S.; Guo, Z. Real time simulation research on ultra-high voltage multi terminal hybrid DC closed-loop. South. Power Grid Technol. 2020, 14, 1–8. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Xu, Z.; Wang, S.; Zhang, Z.; Xu, Y.; Xiao, H. Terminal Connection and Control Method of LCC-MMC Hybrid Cascaded DC Transmission System. Power Constr. 2018, 39, 115–122. [Google Scholar]
- Guo, C.; Wu, Z.; Zhao, C. Balanced control strategy for unbalanced current between multiple MMC converters in ultra-high voltage hybrid cascaded DC transmission systems. Chin. J. Electr. Eng. 2020, 40, 6653–66663. [Google Scholar]
- Yang, S.; Zheng, A.; Peng, Y.; Guo, C.; Zhao, C. DC Fault Characteristics and Recovery Control Strategy of Hybrid Cascaded DC Transmission System. Power Autom. Equip. 2019, 39, 166–172+179. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zeng, R.; Li, B.; Liu, T.; Yan, H.; Mi, Z. Coordinated Control Strategy for Multi drop Cascaded Hybrid DC Transmission System at Receiving Terminal. Power Autom. Equip. 2021, 41, 111–117. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Liu, Z.; Ma, W.; Wang, S.; Zhong, Z.; Huang, Y.; Guo, X.; Zhang, J.; Yue, B.; Tian, J.; Xiao, K.; et al. Design and Dynamic Model Test Verification of Hybrid Cascaded UHVDC Transmission System Scheme. Grid Technol. 2021, 45, 1214–1222. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Dong, Y.; Zhao, Y.; Alshuaibi, K.; Zhang, C.; Liu, Y.; Zhu, L.; Farantatos, E.; Sun, K.; Marshall, B.; Rahman, M.; et al. Adaptive Power Oscillation Damping Control via VSC-HVDC for the Great Britain Power Grid. In Proceedings of the 2023 IEEE Power & Energy Society Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference (ISGT), Washington, DC, USA, 16–19 January 2023; pp. 1–5. [Google Scholar]
- Fan, X.; Guo, C.; Du, X.; Zhao, C.Y. Reactive power regulation method for suppressing subsequent commutation failures of inverter stations in ultra-high voltage hybrid cascaded DC transmission systems. Grid Technol. 2021, 45, 3443–3452. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hu, H.; Chen, H.; Ding, H.; Li, X.D.; Wang, G.T.; Xu, Z. Research on Coordinated Control Strategy of UHV Hybrid Cascaded Multi terminal DC Transmission System. Power Eng. Technol. 2021, 40, 42–51. [Google Scholar]
- Qin, D.; Sun, Q.; Wang, R.; Ma, D.; Liu, M. Adaptive bidirectional droop control for electric vehicles parking with vehicle-to-grid service in microgrid. CSEE J. Power Energy Syst. 2020, 6, 793–805. [Google Scholar]
Control Modes | Descriptions |
---|---|
CIA | Constant Ignition Angle Control |
CC | Constant DC Current Control |
VDCOL | Voltage-Dependent Current Order Limit Control |
MCL | Minimum DC Current Limit Control |
CVC | Constant DC Voltage Control |
CEA | Constant Extinction Angle Control |
MAL | Minimum Alpha Angle Control |
Parameters | Value | Parameters | Value | Parameters | Value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pdc (MW) | 4000 | G1 | PG1 (MW) | 4100 | G2 | PG2 (MW) | 1920 |
Pdc_lcc (MW) | 3000 | TJ1 (s) | 6.5 | TJ1 (s) | 6 | ||
Pdc_mmc (MW) | 667 × 3 | Xd (p.u.) | 1.8 | Xd (p.u.) | 1.5 | ||
Udc (kV) | 800 | G3 | PG3 (MW) | 530 | G4/G5 | PG4 (MW) | 650 |
Udc_lcc (kV) | 400 | TJ1 (s) | 6 | TJ1 (s) | 5.5 | ||
Udc_mmc (kV) | 400 | Xd (p.u.) | 1.1 | Xd (p.u.) | 1.6 |
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. |
© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Liu, L.; Li, X.; Jiang, Q.; Teng, Y.; Chen, M.; Wang, Y.; Zeng, X.; Luo, Y.; Pan, P. A Multi-Terminal Control Method for AC Grids Based on a Hybrid High-Voltage Direct Current with Cascaded MMC Converters. Electronics 2023, 12, 4799. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12234799
Liu L, Li X, Jiang Q, Teng Y, Chen M, Wang Y, Zeng X, Luo Y, Pan P. A Multi-Terminal Control Method for AC Grids Based on a Hybrid High-Voltage Direct Current with Cascaded MMC Converters. Electronics. 2023; 12(23):4799. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12234799
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiu, Lei, Xiaopeng Li, Qin Jiang, Yufei Teng, Mingju Chen, Yongfei Wang, Xueyang Zeng, Yiping Luo, and Pengyu Pan. 2023. "A Multi-Terminal Control Method for AC Grids Based on a Hybrid High-Voltage Direct Current with Cascaded MMC Converters" Electronics 12, no. 23: 4799. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12234799