Structural Analysis of Loosely Coupled Transformers with FEA-Aided Visualization for Wireless Power Transfer Systems against Misalignment Tolerance
<p>FEA-aided methodology of a loosely coupled transformer.</p> "> Figure 2
<p>The 3-D visualization of the circular structure transformer.</p> "> Figure 3
<p>Dimensioning map of the circular structure in 2-D: (<b>a</b>) side view; (<b>b</b>) primary side.</p> "> Figure 4
<p>Spatially magnetic field distribution of the circular transformer with different inner and outer diameters: (<b>a</b>) nephogram of magnetic field intensity in coil with narrow inner diameter; (<b>b</b>) vector diagram of magnetic field intensity in coil with narrow inner diameter; (<b>c</b>) nephogram of magnetic field intensity in coil with wide inner diameter; (<b>d</b>) vector diagram of magnetic field intensity in coil with wide inner diameter; (<b>e</b>) nephogram of magnetic field intensity in coil with narrow outer diameter; (<b>f</b>) vector diagram of magnetic field intensity in coil with narrow outer diameter.</p> "> Figure 5
<p>The relationship among the inner and outer diameters of the coil and the coupling coefficient of the circular transformer.</p> "> Figure 6
<p>The relationship among horizontal, vertical misalignment, and the coupling coefficient of the circular transformer.</p> "> Figure 7
<p>Overall structure of the rectangular structure transformer in 3-D.</p> "> Figure 8
<p>Dimensioning diagram of the primary side of the rectangular structure transformer in 2-D.</p> "> Figure 9
<p>Relationship diagram among the inner and outer diameters of the coil and the coupling coefficient of rectangular structure transformer.</p> "> Figure 10
<p>Relationship diagram of the coupling coefficient and ferrite direction misalignment in a transformer with rectangular structure.</p> "> Figure 11
<p>Relationship diagram of the coupling coefficient and misalignment perpendicular to the ferrite direction in a transformer with rectangular structure.</p> "> Figure 12
<p>Schematic diagram of coupling magnetic field direction: (<b>a</b>) single-sided single-winding structure; (<b>b</b>) single-sided multi-winding structure.</p> "> Figure 13
<p>Overall map of the DD structure transformer in 3-D.</p> "> Figure 14
<p>Key geometrical parameters of the DD structure.</p> "> Figure 15
<p>The relationship diagram among the coupling coefficient and coil diameter and width under uniform distribution of ferrite in DD structure transformer.</p> "> Figure 16
<p>Relationship diagram between the horizontal misalignment and the coupling coefficient of a transformer with DD structure.</p> "> Figure 17
<p>Schematic diagram of winding decoupling.</p> "> Figure 18
<p>Schematic diagram of key geometric parameters of the solenoid-structure transformer.</p> "> Figure 19
<p>Key geometric parameters of the bipolar structure transformer.</p> "> Figure 20
<p>System architecture of the transformer in 3-D.</p> "> Figure 21
<p>Relationship curve between the coupling coefficient and the coil overlap length.</p> "> Figure 22
<p>Relationship between the coupling coefficient of the primary coil and primary coil width.</p> "> Figure 23
<p>Relationship among the coupling coefficient and vertical and horizontal misalignment.</p> "> Figure 24
<p>S-LCL AC equivalent circuit.</p> "> Figure 25
<p>Variation diagram of system power with vertical misalignment distances offset perpendicular to the placement direction of the magnetic core.</p> "> Figure 26
<p>Variation diagram of system power with a horizontal offset.</p> ">
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Analysis Methodology with FEA-Aided Visualization
- (1).
- Defining the solution element. The steps are:
- ➢
- Obtaining the solution domain that is approximate to the physical properties and geometric shape of the actual problem.
- ➢
- Defining the unit type (roughly divided into winding, magnetic core, and shielding plate).
- ➢
- Defining the unit material attributes.
- ➢
- Defining the unit geometry attributes.
- ➢
- Defining the unit connectivity.
- ➢
- Defining the boundary conditions.
- ➢
- Defining the current excitation.
- (2).
- Solving the final assembly and exploring the obtained parameters.
3. FEA-Aided Analysis of Different Structures
3.1. FEA of Circular Structure Transformer
3.2. FEA of Rectangular Structure Transformer
3.3. FEA of DD Structure Transformer
4. FEA of a Loosely Coupled Transformer with Strong Misalignment Tolerance
5. FEA-Aided Investigation of Impact of Power and Efficiency
Simulation Parameter | Symbol |
Ferrite loss | |
Copper loss | |
Primary side current | |
Secondary side current | |
System apparent power | S |
System efficiency |
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Simulation Parameters | Specific Setting |
---|---|
Solving the region shape | Cuboid |
Solving the relative size of the region | ±50% (x axle) |
±50% (z axle) | |
±50% (−y axle) | |
Current distribution | Uniform distribution |
Subdivision parameters | Transformer winding 20 mm |
Maximum solution domain 50 mm |
Simulation Parameters | Specific Value |
---|---|
Overall coil thickness | 4 mm |
Relative permeability of ferrite materials | 2500 |
Ferrite thickness | 12 mm |
Ferrite width | 32 mm |
Ferrite length | 200 mm |
Aluminum plate diameter | 500 mm |
Simulation Parameter | Values |
---|---|
Thickness of the coil | 4 mm |
Relative permeability of ferrite material | 2500 |
Ferrite thickness | 12 mm |
Ferrite width | 32 mm |
Ferrite length | 400 mm |
Aluminum plate diameter | 500 mm |
Ferrite spacing | 74.4 mm |
Outer width of rectangular coil | 300 mm |
Inner width of rectangular coil | 100 mm |
Simulation Parameter | Values |
---|---|
Coil thickness | 4 mm |
Ferrite material relative permeability | 2500 |
Ferrite thickness | 12 mm |
Number of ferrites | 6 |
Ferrite width | 32 mm |
Ferrite length | 480 mm |
Aluminum plate size | 400 mm × 600 mm |
Ferrite spacing | 55 mm |
Simulation Parameter | Values |
---|---|
Relative position | , 12 mm |
X size | |
Y size | |
Relative position | , 12 mm |
X size | |
Y size |
Simulation Parameter | Values |
---|---|
Coil thickness | |
Relative permeability of ferrite material | 2500 |
Ferrite thickness | 12 mm |
Number of ferrites | 4 |
Ferrite width | 32 mm |
Ferrite length | 600 mm |
Aluminum plate size | 400 mm × 600 mm |
Ferrite spacing | 88 mm |
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Zhang, Y.; Li, J.; Zhang, F.; Chen, Z.; Kong, Y.; Huang, N. Structural Analysis of Loosely Coupled Transformers with FEA-Aided Visualization for Wireless Power Transfer Systems against Misalignment Tolerance. Electronics 2022, 11, 1218. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11081218
Zhang Y, Li J, Zhang F, Chen Z, Kong Y, Huang N. Structural Analysis of Loosely Coupled Transformers with FEA-Aided Visualization for Wireless Power Transfer Systems against Misalignment Tolerance. Electronics. 2022; 11(8):1218. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11081218
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Yao, Jiayang Li, Fan Zhang, Zhangping Chen, Yaguang Kong, and Na Huang. 2022. "Structural Analysis of Loosely Coupled Transformers with FEA-Aided Visualization for Wireless Power Transfer Systems against Misalignment Tolerance" Electronics 11, no. 8: 1218. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11081218