Alkyl and Aromatic Amines as Digestive Ripening/Size Focusing Agents for Gold Nanoparticles
<p>Schematic representation of the synthesis of gold colloid by inverse micelle method and digestive ripening process.</p> "> Figure 2
<p>Schematic representation of the synthesis of gold colloid by Solvated Metal Atom Dispersion (SMAD) method and digestive ripening process.</p> "> Figure 3
<p>TEM images of Au-DDAB colloid in toluene by the inverse micelle method, before digestive ripening.</p> "> Figure 4
<p>TEM images of (<b>A</b>) as prepared Au-butylamine colloid in toluene by inverse micelle method; (<b>B</b>) Au-butylamine colloid after digestive ripening 2 h in toluene.</p> "> Figure 5
<p>UV-Visible spectrum of Au-butylamine colloid by inverse micelle method before and after digestive ripening 2 h.</p> "> Figure 6
<p>TEM images of (<b>A</b>) as prepared Au-octylamine colloid in toluene by inverse micelle method; and (<b>B</b>) Au-octylamine colloid after digestive ripening 2 h in toluene.</p> "> Figure 7
<p>UV-Visible spectrum of Au-octylamine colloid by inverse micelle method before and after digestive ripening 2 h in toluene.</p> "> Figure 8
<p>TEM images of (<b>A</b>) as prepared Au-dodecylamine colloid by inverse method in toluene; (<b>B</b>) Au-dodecylamine colloid after digestive ripening 2 h in toluene.</p> "> Figure 9
<p>UV-Visible spectrum of Au-dodecylamine colloid by inverse micelle method before and after digestive ripening 2 h in toluene.</p> "> Figure 10
<p>TEM images of (<b>A</b>) as prepared Au-hexadecylamine colloid by inverse micelle method in toluene; (<b>B</b>) Au-hexadecylamine colloid after digestive ripening 2 h in toluene.</p> "> Figure 11
<p>UV-Visible spectrum of Au-hexadecylamine colloid by inverse micelle method before and after digestive ripening 2 h in toluene.</p> "> Figure 12
<p>TEM images of (<b>A</b>) as prepared Au-octadecylamine colloid in toluene; (<b>B</b>) Au-octadecylamine colloid after digestive ripening 2 h in toluene.</p> "> Figure 13
<p>UV-Visible spectrum of Au-octadecylamine colloid before and after digestive ripening 2 h in toluene.</p> "> Figure 14
<p>TEM images of (<b>A</b>) Au-C<sub>4</sub>N; (<b>B</b>) Au-C<sub>8</sub>N; (<b>C</b>) Au-C<sub>12</sub>N; (<b>D</b>) Au-C<sub>16</sub>N; and (<b>E</b>) Au-C<sub>18</sub>N colloids after digestive ripening in toluene.</p> "> Figure 15
<p>Comparison of surface plasmon resonance of these gold-amine colloids after digestive ripening in toluene.</p> "> Figure 16
<p>UV-visible spectrum of Au-aniline in butanone before and after digestive ripening, and the digestive ripening process kept going for 2 h.</p> "> Figure 17
<p>Photographs of (<b>A</b>) Au-aniline colloids in butanone seven days after digestive ripening; and (<b>B</b>) Au-aniline colloids in toluene seven days after digestive ripening.</p> "> Figure 18
<p>UV-Vis spectrum of Au-aniline colloids before and after digestive ripening 2 h in toluene.</p> "> Figure 19
<p>TEM images of (<b>A</b>) Au-pure aniline colloids after 7 days; (<b>B</b>) Au-pure aniline colloids after digestive ripening. The particle size distributions of the Au-aniline colloid are given in the inset of (<b>A</b>) and (<b>B</b>), the mean diameter of the particle size is 7.1 ± 5.3 nm, 4.6 ± 0.9 nm respectively.</p> "> Figure 20
<p>Photographs of (<b>A</b>) Au-pure aniline colloids after digestive ripening 2 h; and (<b>B</b>) the Au-pure aniline colloids that was ripened for 7 days.</p> "> Figure 21
<p>TEM images of (<b>A</b>) As prepared Au-phenethylamine colloids in butanone; (<b>B</b>) Au-phenethylamine colloids after 2 h digestive ripening in butanone; and (<b>C</b>) Au-phenethylamine after 3 h digestive ripening.</p> "> Figure 22
<p>UV-visible spectrum of Au-phenethylamine colloids before and after digestive ripening.</p> ">
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Preparation of Au-alkylamine Colloids by the Ion Reduction/Inverse Micelle Method. Specific Methods for Gold Nanoparticles
2.2.1. Preparation of the Crude Gold Colloid
2.2.2. Digestive Ripening
2.3. Preparation of Au-butylamine, Au-octylamine, Au-dodecylamine, Au-hexadecylamine, Au-octadecylamine as Prepared Colloids by SMAD Method
2.3.1. Preparation of the Condensing Solvents
2.3.2. Preparation of the as Prepared Gold Colloid
2.3.3. Digestive Ripening
2.4. Characterization
2.4.1. UV-Vis Spectroscopy
2.4.2. Transmission Electron Microscopy
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Gold-Amine by Inverse Micelle Method: The Effect of Alkyl Chain Length
3.2. Gold-Amine by the SMAD Method: The Effect of Alkyl Chain Length, Comparison between Inverse Micelle and SMAD Method
3.3. Comparison between Alkylthiol and Alkylamine as the Capping Ligand for Gold Colloids
3.4. Summary of Alkyl Amines
3.5. Aromatic Amines (More Reactive than Alkyl Amines)
3.5.1. Gold-Aniline Colloid in Butanone System
3.5.2. Gold-Aniline Colloid in Toluene System
3.5.3. Gold-Pure Aniline Colloids
3.5.4. Gold-Phenethylamine Colloids
3.5.5. Summary of Aromatic Amines
4. Conclusions
- (1)
- Amines are useful capping ligands for gold nanoparticles, and stabilize as Au-NH2R bonds without loss of hydrogen;
- (2)
- Amines and thiols are good digestive ripening solvents, although thiols are the better of the two;
- (3)
- With inverse micelle produced particles, all amines behave as good digestive ripening agents;
- (4)
- With SMAD produced particles, only selected amines (C12H25NH2, C6H5–NH2, C6H5CH2CH2NH2) serve to digestively ripen the particles, while other alkyl amines were less favorable. Reactivity and chain length are both important;
- (5)
- Inverse micelle prepared particles are more reactive and susceptible to digestive ripening than SMAD prepared.
Acknowledgements
Conflict of Interest
References
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Sun, Y.; Jose, D.; Sorensen, C.; Klabunde, K.J. Alkyl and Aromatic Amines as Digestive Ripening/Size Focusing Agents for Gold Nanoparticles. Nanomaterials 2013, 3, 370-392. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano3030370
Sun Y, Jose D, Sorensen C, Klabunde KJ. Alkyl and Aromatic Amines as Digestive Ripening/Size Focusing Agents for Gold Nanoparticles. Nanomaterials. 2013; 3(3):370-392. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano3030370
Chicago/Turabian StyleSun, Yijun, Deepa Jose, Christopher Sorensen, and Kenneth J. Klabunde. 2013. "Alkyl and Aromatic Amines as Digestive Ripening/Size Focusing Agents for Gold Nanoparticles" Nanomaterials 3, no. 3: 370-392. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano3030370