Simulation Analysis of Thermoacoustic Effect of CNT Film with Metasurface-Enhanced Acoustic Autofocusing
<p>Overview and phase modulation of the integrated thermoacoustic (TA) focusing system. (<b>a</b>) Schematic illustration of the integrated TA focusing system; (<b>b</b>) structure of the integrated system consisting of a TA emitter and a metasurface substrate; (<b>c</b>) pressure distribution <span class="html-italic">p</span><sub>0</sub> (blue line) of an ideal Airy beam and the approximate distribution p1 (red line); (<b>d</b>) phase and amplitude distribution of p1; (<b>e</b>) metasurface structure enabling phase-only modulation to approximating the quasi-Airy beam profile; (<b>f</b>–<b>h</b>) and an illustration of thermoacoustic wave propagation on a planar surface, a traditional spherical surface, and the integrated TA focusing system.</p> "> Figure 2
<p>Heat conduction and acoustic performance analysis of the integrated thermoacoustic (TA) system: (<b>a</b>) a section of the integrated TA focusing system; (<b>b</b>) the excitation current (black line) and temperature rise (red line) of the TA emitter; (<b>c</b>) variation in temperature rise (black line) and SPL (red line) with the material properties of film; (<b>d</b>) variation in thermal diffusion length with frequency; (<b>e</b>) temperature decay with distance, with the inset comparing thermal diffusion lengths in gap and the substrate; (<b>f</b>) sound intensity along the central axis (<span class="html-italic">r</span> = 0) under different heating powers; and (<b>g</b>) intensity contrast ratio <span class="html-italic">G</span> and acoustic intensity at the focal point as functions of input power.</p> "> Figure 3
<p>Parameters analysis (<span class="html-italic">r</span><sub>0</sub>, <span class="html-italic">w</span>) of the metasurface in the integrated thermoacoustic (TA) focusing system; (<b>a</b>) the sound intensity contrast ratio <span class="html-italic">G</span> at 1 MHz (<span class="html-italic">r</span><sub>0</sub> = 6.6 λ, <span class="html-italic">w</span> = 1.2 λ); (<b>b</b>–<b>e</b>) variation in the normalized intensity contrast ratio <span class="html-italic">G</span>, focal length <span class="html-italic">Z<sub>focus</sub></span>, full width at half-maximum (FWHM), and full length at half-maximum (FLHM) with the initial radial parameter <span class="html-italic">r</span><sub>0</sub> and scaling factor <span class="html-italic">w</span> of the metasurface. (<b>f</b>,<b>g</b>) Normalized intensity contrast ratio <span class="html-italic">G</span> along the axial direction (<span class="html-italic">r</span> = 0) and along the radial direction (<span class="html-italic">Z</span> = 41.6 λ).</p> "> Figure 4
<p>Impact of frequency on focusing characteristics in the thermoacoustic (TA)-integrated system: (<b>a</b>,<b>b</b>) intensity contrast ratio <span class="html-italic">G</span> and focal length <span class="html-italic">Z</span><sub>focus</sub> across a broad frequency range (0.88 MHz to 1.09 MHz); (<b>c</b>,<b>d</b>) variation in the full width at half-maximum (FWHM) and full length at half-maximum (FLHM) with the frequency; and (<b>e</b>–<b>h</b>) normalized acoustic intensity distributions at frequencies of 0.88 MHz, 0.94 MHz, 1.00 MHz, and 1.06 MHz.</p> "> Figure 5
<p>Self-healing focusing of the thermoacoustic (TA)-integrated system in the presence of obstacles: (<b>a</b>) schematic illustration of the obstacle placement; (<b>b</b>–<b>d</b>) effects of different obstacle shapes (oval, circular, and rectangular) on the intensity contrast ratio <span class="html-italic">G</span> at the focal point; (<b>e</b>–<b>h</b>) impact of obstacle size on the self-healing capability of the system; and (<b>i</b>) self-healing focusing in the presence of array-like obstacles.</p> ">
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Integrated System Overview
3. Thermoacoustic Emitter
4. Formation of Autofocusing Quasi-Airy Beams with Metasurfaces
5. Results and Discussion
5.1. Heat Conduction and Acoustic Performance Analysis of TA-Integrated System
5.2. Parameters Design and Sub-Wavelength Focusing of TA-Integrated System
5.3. Frequency-Controlled Focal Length Tunability of TA-Integrated System
5.4. Self-Healing Capability of the Focused Quasi-Airy Beams
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Rong, D.; Li, Z.; Qi, Q.; Liu, Z.; Zhou, Z.; Xu, X. Simulation Analysis of Thermoacoustic Effect of CNT Film with Metasurface-Enhanced Acoustic Autofocusing. Nanomaterials 2024, 14, 1481. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14181481
Rong D, Li Z, Qi Q, Liu Z, Zhou Z, Xu X. Simulation Analysis of Thermoacoustic Effect of CNT Film with Metasurface-Enhanced Acoustic Autofocusing. Nanomaterials. 2024; 14(18):1481. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14181481
Chicago/Turabian StyleRong, Dalun, Zhe Li, Qianshou Qi, Zhengnan Liu, Zhenhuan Zhou, and Xinsheng Xu. 2024. "Simulation Analysis of Thermoacoustic Effect of CNT Film with Metasurface-Enhanced Acoustic Autofocusing" Nanomaterials 14, no. 18: 1481. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14181481