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Review

High-Risk Neuroblastoma Challenges and Opportunities for Antibody-Based Cellular Immunotherapy

by
Natasha V. Persaud
1,
Jeong A. Park
2 and
Nai Kong V. Cheung
1,*
1
Department of Pediatrics Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
2
Pediatrics Inha University Hospital, Icheon 22332, Republic of Korea
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(16), 4765; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13164765
Submission received: 8 May 2024 / Revised: 12 July 2024 / Accepted: 20 July 2024 / Published: 13 August 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High-Risk Neuroblastoma: New Clinical Insights and Challenges)

Abstract

Immunotherapy has emerged as an attractive option for patients with relapsed or refractory high-risk neuroblastoma (HRNB). Neuroblastoma (NB), a sympathetic nervous system cancer arising from an embryonic neural crest cell, is heterogeneous clinically, with outcomes ranging from an isolated abdominal mass that spontaneously regresses to a widely metastatic disease with cure rates of about 50% despite intensive multimodal treatment. Risk group stratification and stage-adapted therapy to achieve cure with minimal toxicities have accomplished major milestones. Targeted immunotherapeutic approaches including monoclonal antibodies, vaccines, adoptive cellular therapies, their combinations, and their integration into standard of care are attractive therapeutic options, although curative challenges and toxicity concerns remain. In this review, we provide an overview of immune approaches to NB and the tumor microenvironment (TME) within the clinical translational framework. We propose a novel T cell-based therapeutic approach that leverages the unique properties of tumor surface antigens such as ganglioside GD2, incorporating specific monoclonal antibodies and recent advancements in adoptive cell therapy.
Keywords: high-risk neuroblastoma; adoptive cellular therapy; ex vivo armed T cell with bispecific antibody (EAT) high-risk neuroblastoma; adoptive cellular therapy; ex vivo armed T cell with bispecific antibody (EAT)

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Persaud, N.V.; Park, J.A.; Cheung, N.K.V. High-Risk Neuroblastoma Challenges and Opportunities for Antibody-Based Cellular Immunotherapy. J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13, 4765. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13164765

AMA Style

Persaud NV, Park JA, Cheung NKV. High-Risk Neuroblastoma Challenges and Opportunities for Antibody-Based Cellular Immunotherapy. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2024; 13(16):4765. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13164765

Chicago/Turabian Style

Persaud, Natasha V., Jeong A. Park, and Nai Kong V. Cheung. 2024. "High-Risk Neuroblastoma Challenges and Opportunities for Antibody-Based Cellular Immunotherapy" Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 16: 4765. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13164765

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