Could Flow Cytometry Provide New Prognostic Markers in Colorectal Cancer?
<p>Panel (<b>A</b>): graph depicting the relationship between DNA index and tumor regression grade (TRG). The plot illustrates the association between the cellular DNA content and the response of tumors to treatment, as determined using the TRG system. Panel (<b>B</b>): graph displaying the correlation between DNA index and mucous element presence within all the tumors in the study group. This plot reveals the association between DNA content variability and the extent of mucous production by tumor cells, highlighting potential prognostic implications. Points labeled with sample numbers indicate cases with values more than two standard deviations from the mean.</p> "> Figure 2
<p>Median overall and disease-free survival in association with the tumor’s DNA index. Groups <0.95, 0.95–1.05, and >1.05 correspond to hypoploid, diploid (with an acceptable standard deviation of 5%), and hyperploid, as measured by intraoperative flow cytometry.</p> "> Figure 3
<p>Panel (<b>A</b>) Kaplan–Meier survival curve illustrating overall survival in patients with colorectal tumors, categorized by low and high tumor index. This graph compares the overall survival probabilities over time between the two groups, highlighting differences in patient outcomes based on tumor index categorization. Panel (<b>B</b>): Kaplan–Meier survival curve depicting disease-free survival (DFS) in patients with low- and high-tumor-index colorectal tumors. This curve demonstrates the duration of survival without signs of disease recurrence or progression, contrasting the prognostic impacts of varying tumor index levels.</p> "> Figure 4
<p>Panel (<b>A</b>): box plot presenting the distribution of tumor index (TI) values among patients undergoing neoadjuvant therapy for colorectal cancer. This graph highlights the statistical correlation between TI levels and the administration of neoadjuvant treatment (<span class="html-italic">p</span> < 0.01), showcasing how TI can vary with treatment application. Panel (<b>B</b>): box plot showing the relationship between tumor index (TI) and tumor regression grade (TRG) following neoadjuvant treatment. Lower TI values are associated with better TRG outcomes, indicating a more effective response to treatment. The plot confirms the statistical significance of this relationship (<span class="html-italic">p</span> < 0.01). Points labeled with sample numbers indicate cases with values more than two standard deviations from the mean.</p> "> Figure 5
<p>In these histograms, the levels of CD26 expression by tumor cells are shown, categorized into four groups: absent (0), low (1), moderate (2), and high (3). Panel (<b>A</b>) displays the distribution of CD26 expression across different CRC stages (1 = stage I, 2 = stage II, 3 = stage III, 4 = stage IV), while panel (<b>B</b>) illustrates the association between CD26 expression levels and tumor differentiation grades (numbers in axis represent 1 = well differentiated, 2 = moderate differentiation, 3 = poor differentiation). Analysis was performed using intraoperative flow cytometry (iFC). Points labeled with sample numbers indicate cases with values more than two standard deviations from the mean.</p> ">
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Patients (n) | Ca Recurrence/Metastasis (n) | Alive (n) | Ca-Related Death (n) | Overall Survival (%) | DFS (%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | ||||||
Male | 69 | 18 | 51 | 10 | 74 | 62 |
Female | 37 | 4 | 30 | 3 | 81 | 78 |
Tumor location | ||||||
Right colon | 37 | 10 | 28 | 6 | 75 | 65 |
Left colon | 31 | 7 | 22 | 6 | 71 | 68 |
Rectum | 36 | 5 | 29 | 1 | 80 | 69 |
Tumor stage | ||||||
0 | 5 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 100 | 100 |
I | 20 | 1 | 14 | 1 | 70 | 70 |
II | 36 | 4 | 32 | 1 | 89 | 80 |
III | 38 | 13 | 27 | 7 | 71 | 55 |
IV | 7 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 43 | 43 |
Neoadjuvant therapy | 18 | 2 | 16 | 1 | 89 | 83 |
TRG 0 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 100 | 100 |
TRG 1 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 67 | 67 |
TRG 2 | 9 | 1 | 9 | 0 | 100 | 89 |
TRG 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 67 | 67 |
Overall | 106 | 22 | 81 | 17 | 76 | 72 |
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Georvasili, V.; Markopoulos, G.; Lampri, E.; Lianos, G.; Vartholomatos, G.; Mitsis, M.; Bali, C. Could Flow Cytometry Provide New Prognostic Markers in Colorectal Cancer? J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13, 4753. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13164753
Georvasili V, Markopoulos G, Lampri E, Lianos G, Vartholomatos G, Mitsis M, Bali C. Could Flow Cytometry Provide New Prognostic Markers in Colorectal Cancer? Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2024; 13(16):4753. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13164753
Chicago/Turabian StyleGeorvasili, Vaia, Georgios Markopoulos, Evangeli Lampri, Georgios Lianos, George Vartholomatos, Michail Mitsis, and Christina Bali. 2024. "Could Flow Cytometry Provide New Prognostic Markers in Colorectal Cancer?" Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 16: 4753. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13164753