HSV-1 ICP0: An E3 Ubiquitin Ligase That Counteracts Host Intrinsic and Innate Immunity
<p>Functional domains and sites in ICP0 relevant to this review. The T67 phosphorylation site, RING-finger motif, ICP0 phosphorylation (Phos) region I (amino acids 224–232), nuclear localization signal (NLS), USP7 binding site, ND10 localization domain, and SIMs (SUMO interaction motifs) 1–7, which start at amino acids 162, 174, 331, 360, 650, 665, and 679 of ICP0, respectively [<a href="#B22-cells-03-00438" class="html-bibr">22</a>].</p> "> Figure 2
<p>The HSV-1 ICP0 E3 ubiquitin ligase activity counteracts components of host intrinsic and innate immunity by targeting the degradation or dissociation of specific cellular proteins. Many ICP0 targets are multi-functional and participate in both intrinsic and innate antiviral responses and affect several processes, which includes (<b>1</b>) Viral transcription: PML, Sp100, and SUMO; (<b>2</b>) Viral genome silencing: IFI16; (<b>3</b>) Inflammatory mechanisms and NF-κB regulation: IFI16, MyD88, Mal, NF-κB, and IκB; (<b>4</b>) Viral replication: PARG; (<b>5</b>) DNA damage response: RNF168, RNF8, and DNA-PKcs; and (<b>6</b>) ICP0 destabilization, TLR signaling, Chromatinization, NF-κB signaling: USP7.</p> ">
Abstract
:1. Introduction
3. ICP0 Interferes With the DNA Damage Response, an Intrinsic Defense Against HSV-1
4. ICP0’s E3 Ub Ligase Activity Modulates the Activation and Establishment of the IFN Response, an Innate Host Defense
4.1. IFI16
4.2. MyD88 and Mal
4.3. NF-κB Signaling
5. ICP0 Directs the Degradation of USP7, a Mediator of Intrinsic and Innate Immunity
6. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interests
References
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Perusina Lanfranca, M.; Mostafa, H.H.; Davido, D.J. HSV-1 ICP0: An E3 Ubiquitin Ligase That Counteracts Host Intrinsic and Innate Immunity. Cells 2014, 3, 438-454. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells3020438
Perusina Lanfranca M, Mostafa HH, Davido DJ. HSV-1 ICP0: An E3 Ubiquitin Ligase That Counteracts Host Intrinsic and Innate Immunity. Cells. 2014; 3(2):438-454. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells3020438
Chicago/Turabian StylePerusina Lanfranca, Mirna, Heba H. Mostafa, and David J. Davido. 2014. "HSV-1 ICP0: An E3 Ubiquitin Ligase That Counteracts Host Intrinsic and Innate Immunity" Cells 3, no. 2: 438-454. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells3020438