An Analysis of the Discrepancies between MODIS and INSAT-3D LSTs in High Temperatures
<p>Six study area deserts. Blue contour lines are the VZA of INSAT and the violet boxes are MODIS tiles (Image source: Google Earth).</p> "> Figure 2
<p>Emissivity of six study area deserts in August 2015 based on the MOD11C3 product.</p> "> Figure 3
<p>Spectral response of MODIS bands 31 and 32 and INSAT TIR bands (NASA Langley Cloud and Radiation Research Group).</p> "> Figure 4
<p>Flowchart of MODIS and INSAT LST comparison for high temperatures using DTC models.</p> "> Figure 5
<p>DTC model parameters [<a href="#B37-remotesensing-09-00347" class="html-bibr">37</a>].</p> "> Figure 6
<p>Variability of LSTs in the study area deserts derived from MODIS at four observation times. On the upper left corner of each histogram maximum, minimum, mean, STD, and skewness were displayed. Rows (<b>A</b>–<b>F)</b> show the histograms for Rigzar, Wahiba, Kharan, Regisatn, Rub’ al Khali, and An Nafud, respectively.</p> "> Figure 7
<p>Diurnal LST pattern of INSAT data (blue line) plotted against MODIS observations (red dots) for a sample pixel.</p> "> Figure 8
<p>The histograms of the mean LST differences ([MODIS − INSAT LST]) for the study areas. (<b>A</b>) MOD-D difference with INSAT; (<b>B</b>) MYD-D difference with INSAT.</p> "> Figure 9
<p>Sample DTCs for six pixels in the study area deserts with high LSTs in 2016 (locations of pixels and DOY was written above each figure). Black DTCs are from MODIS and purple DTCs are from INSAT, and dots show the MODIS and INSAT observation per day.</p> ">
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Study Area and Datasets
2.1. Study Areas
2.2. MODIS Data
2.3. INSAT-3D Data
3. Methodology
4. Results
4.1. Variability of LSTs in the Study Area Deserts
4.2. LST Difference of MODIS and INSAT
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameters | MODIS | INSAT-3D |
---|---|---|
Radiative transfer model | MODTRAN4 | MODTRAN4 |
atmospheric surface boundary layer temperature range | 280–325 K for daytime 275–305 K for nighttime Total range: 275–325 K | 260 and 320 K |
LST range | 288 and 354 K daytime 265 and 309 K nighttime Total range: 265–354 K | 260–330 K |
water vapor | almost near zero to 5.5 cm | 0.1 g/cm2 to near saturated level (5 g/cm2 ) |
VZA | 8 bins | 7 bins (0–20, 20–32.5, 32.5–37.5, 37.5–42.5, 42.5–47.5, 47.5–52.5, 52.5 and above). |
Emissivity | MODIS emissivity product | MODIS emissivity product |
MOD-D | 30–35 | 35–40 | 40–45 | 45–50 | 50–55 | 55–60 | 60–65 | 65–70 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
An Nafud | 20 | 1459 | 7742 | 23021 | 30466 | 11687 | 0 | 0 |
Kharan | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 200 | 218 | 0 | 0 |
Registan | 0 | 0 | 22 | 565 | 1417 | 846 | 0 | 0 |
Rigzar | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 515 | 366 | 0 | 0 |
Rub al Khali | 0 | 0 | 129 | 2731 | 11536 | 15413 | 5085 | 1288 |
Wahiba | 0 | 0 | 0 | 22 | 183 | 173 | 0 | 0 |
MYD | 30–35 | 35–40 | 40–45 | 45–50 | 50–55 | 55–60 | 60–65 | 65–70 | 70–75 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
An Nafud | 0 | 98 | 1652 | 10277 | 35260 | 47121 | 4613 | 0 | 0 |
Kharan | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 153 | 577 | 781 | 94 | 0 |
Regisatan | 0 | 0 | 0 | 247 | 2684 | 6827 | 8065 | 777 | 0 |
Rigzar | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 92 | 1083 | 1865 | 465 | 0 |
Rub al Khali | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1341 | 7822 | 17173 | 20420 | 5131 | 817 |
Wahiba | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 106 | 245 | 660 | 159 | 0 |
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Alavipanah, S.K.; Weng, Q.; Gholamnia, M.; Khandan, R. An Analysis of the Discrepancies between MODIS and INSAT-3D LSTs in High Temperatures. Remote Sens. 2017, 9, 347. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9040347
Alavipanah SK, Weng Q, Gholamnia M, Khandan R. An Analysis of the Discrepancies between MODIS and INSAT-3D LSTs in High Temperatures. Remote Sensing. 2017; 9(4):347. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9040347
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlavipanah, Seyed Kazem, Qihao Weng, Mehdi Gholamnia, and Reza Khandan. 2017. "An Analysis of the Discrepancies between MODIS and INSAT-3D LSTs in High Temperatures" Remote Sensing 9, no. 4: 347. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9040347