The Impact of Natural Disturbances on the Central European Timber Market—An Analytical Study
<p>Volume of raw timber production and export by major calamities in 2001–2021. Source: own processing based on data from FAOstat and national statistical databases [<a href="#B27-forests-15-00592" class="html-bibr">27</a>,<a href="#B28-forests-15-00592" class="html-bibr">28</a>,<a href="#B29-forests-15-00592" class="html-bibr">29</a>,<a href="#B30-forests-15-00592" class="html-bibr">30</a>,<a href="#B31-forests-15-00592" class="html-bibr">31</a>,<a href="#B32-forests-15-00592" class="html-bibr">32</a>,<a href="#B33-forests-15-00592" class="html-bibr">33</a>,<a href="#B34-forests-15-00592" class="html-bibr">34</a>,<a href="#B35-forests-15-00592" class="html-bibr">35</a>,<a href="#B36-forests-15-00592" class="html-bibr">36</a>].</p> "> Figure 2
<p>Volume of raw timber production and export by major calamities in 2001–2021. Source: own processing based on data from FAOstat and national statistical databases [<a href="#B27-forests-15-00592" class="html-bibr">27</a>,<a href="#B28-forests-15-00592" class="html-bibr">28</a>,<a href="#B29-forests-15-00592" class="html-bibr">29</a>,<a href="#B30-forests-15-00592" class="html-bibr">30</a>,<a href="#B31-forests-15-00592" class="html-bibr">31</a>,<a href="#B32-forests-15-00592" class="html-bibr">32</a>,<a href="#B33-forests-15-00592" class="html-bibr">33</a>,<a href="#B34-forests-15-00592" class="html-bibr">34</a>,<a href="#B35-forests-15-00592" class="html-bibr">35</a>,<a href="#B36-forests-15-00592" class="html-bibr">36</a>].</p> "> Figure 3
<p>Volume of raw timber production and export by major calamities in 2001–2021. Source: own processing based on data from FAOstat and national statistical databases [<a href="#B27-forests-15-00592" class="html-bibr">27</a>,<a href="#B28-forests-15-00592" class="html-bibr">28</a>,<a href="#B29-forests-15-00592" class="html-bibr">29</a>,<a href="#B30-forests-15-00592" class="html-bibr">30</a>,<a href="#B31-forests-15-00592" class="html-bibr">31</a>,<a href="#B32-forests-15-00592" class="html-bibr">32</a>,<a href="#B33-forests-15-00592" class="html-bibr">33</a>,<a href="#B34-forests-15-00592" class="html-bibr">34</a>,<a href="#B35-forests-15-00592" class="html-bibr">35</a>,<a href="#B36-forests-15-00592" class="html-bibr">36</a>].</p> "> Figure 4
<p>Volume of raw timber production and export by major calamities in 2001–2021. Source: own processing based on data from FAOstat and national statistical databases [<a href="#B27-forests-15-00592" class="html-bibr">27</a>,<a href="#B28-forests-15-00592" class="html-bibr">28</a>,<a href="#B29-forests-15-00592" class="html-bibr">29</a>,<a href="#B30-forests-15-00592" class="html-bibr">30</a>,<a href="#B31-forests-15-00592" class="html-bibr">31</a>,<a href="#B32-forests-15-00592" class="html-bibr">32</a>,<a href="#B33-forests-15-00592" class="html-bibr">33</a>,<a href="#B34-forests-15-00592" class="html-bibr">34</a>,<a href="#B35-forests-15-00592" class="html-bibr">35</a>,<a href="#B36-forests-15-00592" class="html-bibr">36</a>].</p> "> Figure 5
<p>Volume of raw timber production and export by major calamities in 2001–2021. Source: own processing based on data from FAOstat and national statistical databases [<a href="#B27-forests-15-00592" class="html-bibr">27</a>,<a href="#B28-forests-15-00592" class="html-bibr">28</a>,<a href="#B29-forests-15-00592" class="html-bibr">29</a>,<a href="#B30-forests-15-00592" class="html-bibr">30</a>,<a href="#B31-forests-15-00592" class="html-bibr">31</a>,<a href="#B32-forests-15-00592" class="html-bibr">32</a>,<a href="#B33-forests-15-00592" class="html-bibr">33</a>,<a href="#B34-forests-15-00592" class="html-bibr">34</a>,<a href="#B35-forests-15-00592" class="html-bibr">35</a>,<a href="#B36-forests-15-00592" class="html-bibr">36</a>].</p> ">
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- The availability/abundance of biomass to be disturbed (living or dead material in the forest);
- The instigating factor initiating the disturbance (e.g., in a windstorm, the initial failure of a tree—the snapping/toppling of the tree—allows the wind to penetrate deep into the stand, and the increased stress on neighbouring trees leads to an increase in the extent of damage);
- External conditions to sustain damage beyond the initial phase (e.g., strong winds combined with intense storms leading to soil waterlogging and increased susceptibility of trees, or prolonged extremely low rainfall combined with an overpopulation of wood-boring insects leading to an increase in the volume of calamity wood).
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
- Basic characteristics of forestry in Czechia:
- Basic characteristics of forestry in Germany:
- Basic characteristics of forestry in Poland:
- Basic characteristics of forestry in Slovakia:
- Basic characteristics of forestry in Austria:
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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No | Country | Volume of Wood (m3) | EU Share (%) |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Czechia | 66,239,381 | 23 |
2 | Germany | 43,803,806 | 16 |
3 | Poland | 22,701,111 | 8 |
4 | Slovakia | 10,604,121 | 4 |
5 | Slovenia | 10,307,930 | 4 |
6 | Austria | 4,484,529 | 2 |
7 | Hungary | 3,971,520 | 1 |
8 | Switzerland | 2,846,590 | 1 |
9 | Lichtenstein | 0 | 0 |
All | EU 28 (27 from 2020) | 282,441,970 | 100 |
Year | Name | Affected Countries | Volume (Million m3) |
---|---|---|---|
1991 | Vivian, Wiebke | Central Europe | 100 |
1999 | Anatol, Lothar, Martin | France, Germany, Poland | 210 1 |
2002 | Uschi | Austria, Czechia | 6 |
2005 | Silvio | Slovakia | 8 |
2005 | Gudrun | Sweden, Estonia, Latvia | 85 |
2007 | Kyrill | Germany, Poland, Slovakia, Czechia, Austria | 55 |
2007 | Hanno | Sweden, Norway | 12 |
2008 | Emma | Germany, Austria, Czechia | 9.5 |
2008 | Anett | Sweden | 1 |
2008 | Paula | Austria, Germany | 6.3 |
2009 | Klaus | France, Italy, Spain | 40 |
2011 | Dagmar | Sweden, Finland | 5 |
2013 | Ivar, Eino | Sweden, Finland, Estonia | 9 2 |
2013 | Xaver | Germany, Sweden, Denmark | 1.9 |
2013 | Christian | Germany, Denmark, France | 1.1 |
2014 | Petra | Austria, Slovenia, Italy, Czechia | 3.8 |
2014 | Yvette | Austria, Czechia | 3.1 |
2015 | Niklas | Austria, Germany, Switzerland | 2.9 |
2015 | Gorm | Sweden, Denmark | 3 |
2017 | Hartmut | Austria, Czechia, Poland | 8.8 |
2017 | Herwart | Germany, Poland, Czechia, Slovakia | 5 |
2017 | Kolle | Austria, Germany | 3 |
2017 | Yves | Austria, Italy, Germany, Switzerland | 3 |
2017 | Xavier | Germany, Poland, Czechia | 1.4 |
2018 | Vaia | Italy | 12 |
2018 | Friederike | Germany, France, Ireland, United Kingdom | 17 |
2018 | Burglind | Germany, Switzerland, Netherlands, Belgium | 2 |
2019 | Eberhard | Germany, Czechia, Poland, Slovakia | 4 |
Total | 618.8 |
Country | Range of Damage (Thousands m3) |
---|---|
Germany | 30,000 |
Czechia | 12,650 |
Austria | 6500 |
Poland | 1500 |
Slovakia | 1400 |
Range of Damage (Thousands m3) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Country | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 |
Czechia | 4345 | 8378 | 5879 | 4597 | 4862 |
Germany | 4800 | 18,600 | 9100 | 10,500 | 3100 |
Poland | 5600 | 8700 | 3200 | 1700 | 2600 |
Slovakia | 950 | 1324 | 1428 | 1295 | 1040 |
Austria | 2400 | 5400 | 6500 | 3000 | 1300 |
Range of Damage (thousands m3) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Country | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 |
Czechia | 5853 | 13,059 | 22,780 | 26,243 | 18,286 |
Germany | 6000 | 11,300 | 31,700 | 43,300 | 41,100 |
Poland | 3000 | 3100 | 4500 | 4300 | 2200 |
Slovakia | 3585 | 3938 | 3272 | 1892 | 1630 |
Austria | 4100 | 4500 | 4200 | 2200 | 1970 |
Year | Production (m3) | Export (m3) | Export Share in Production (%) |
---|---|---|---|
2001 | 14,374,000 | 2,485,000 | 17.29 |
2002 | 14,541,000 | 2,514,000 | 17.29 |
2003 | 15,140,000 | 3,174,000 | 20.96 |
2004 | 15,601,000 | 3,096,000 | 19.84 |
2005 | 15,510,000 | 3,216,000 | 20.74 |
2006 | 17,678,000 | 2,959,000 | 16.74 |
2007 | 18,508,000 | 2,511,000 | 13.57 |
2008 | 16,187,000 | 2,006,000 | 12.39 |
2009 | 15,502,000 | 2,729,606 | 17.61 |
2010 | 16,736,000 | 1,839,000 | 10.99 |
2011 | 15,381,000 | 3,599,200 | 23.40 |
2012 | 15,061,000 | 4,049,000 | 26.88 |
2013 | 15,331,000 | 4,464,000 | 29.12 |
2014 | 15,476,000 | 5,100,000 | 32.95 |
2015 | 16,163,000 | 4,690,350 | 29.02 |
2016 | 17,617,000 | 5,420,145 | 30.77 |
2017 | 19,387,000 | 6,800,799 | 35.08 |
2018 | 25,689,000 | 8,516,500 | 33.15 |
2019 | 32,586,000 | 14,385,044 | 44.14 |
2020 | 35,750,000 | 18,268,519 | 51.10 |
2021 | 30,256,000 | 14,836,000 | 49.03 |
Year | Production (m3) | Export (m3) | Share of Exports in Production (%) |
---|---|---|---|
2001 | 54,618,654 | 4,954,000 | 9.07 |
2002 | 52,563,179 | 4,932,000 | 9.38 |
2003 | 59,390,955 | 4,607,000 | 7.76 |
2004 | 66,046,808 | 5,621,000 | 8.51 |
2005 | 74,125,639 | 6,889,000 | 9.29 |
2006 | 78,313,968 | 7,635,124 | 9.75 |
2007 | 91,610,005 | 7,757,000 | 8.47 |
2008 | 74,815,153 | 7,181,000 | 9.60 |
2009 | 64,164,449 | 4,009,838 | 6.25 |
2010 | 74,432,077 | 3,858,698 | 5.18 |
2011 | 75,217,765 | 3,774,922 | 5.02 |
2012 | 74,414,061 | 3,511,647 | 4.72 |
2013 | 73,452,836 | 3,433,945 | 4.68 |
2014 | 68,996,000 | 3,535,805 | 5.12 |
2015 | 68,998,504 | 3,915,056 | 5.67 |
2016 | 66,178,853 | 4,083,760 | 6.17 |
2017 | 65,717,379 | 4,393,671 | 6.69 |
2018 | 75,232,658 | 5,505,334 | 7.32 |
2019 | 77,820,994 | 9,056,743 | 11.64 |
2020 | 78,673,444 | 13,316,477 | 16.93 |
2021 | 82,411,368 | 11,531,581 | 13.99 |
Year | Production (m3) | Export (m3) | Share of Exports in Production (%) |
---|---|---|---|
2001 | 26,671,400 | 310,000 | 1.16 |
2002 | 28,957,000 | 723,300 | 2.50 |
2003 | 30,836,000 | 1,008,500 | 3.27 |
2004 | 32,733,000 | 1,027,800 | 3.14 |
2005 | 31,944,500 | 603,800 | 1.89 |
2006 | 32,384,000 | 490,000 | 1.51 |
2007 | 35,934,563 | 387,472 | 1.08 |
2008 | 34,273,421 | 435,934 | 1.27 |
2009 | 34,629,172 | 1,089,252 | 3.15 |
2010 | 35,467,417 | 1,733,535 | 4.89 |
2011 | 37,179,982 | 1,904,247 | 5.12 |
2012 | 38,015,431 | 2,002,918 | 5.27 |
2013 | 38,938,843 | 3,072,894 | 7.89 |
2014 | 40,862,038 | 2,911,920 | 7.13 |
2015 | 41,375,282 | 2,663,782 | 6.44 |
2016 | 42,401,232 | 2,735,189 | 6.45 |
2017 | 45,312,633 | 2,963,978 | 6.54 |
2018 | 46,711,225 | 5,571,373 | 11.93 |
2019 | 43,267,933 | 4,601,629 | 10.64 |
2020 | 40,572,780 | 4,558,138 | 11.23 |
2021 | 43,010,000 | 5,005,993 | 11.64 |
Year | Production (m3) | Export (m3) | Share of Exports in Production (%) |
---|---|---|---|
2001 | 5,787,900 | 1,828,000 | 31.58 |
2002 | 5,782,000 | 1,286,000 | 22.24 |
2003 | 6,355,000 | 1,189,000 | 18.71 |
2004 | 7,240,000 | 1,210,000 | 16.71 |
2005 | 9,302,000 | 1,815,000 | 19.51 |
2006 | 7,868,509 | 1,233,000 | 15.67 |
2007 | 8,131,486 | 1,533,000 | 18.85 |
2008 | 9,268,556 | 2,289,330 | 24.70 |
2009 | 9,086,991 | 2,685,692 | 29.56 |
2010 | 9,599,068 | 2,563,703 | 26.71 |
2011 | 9,212,907 | 2,683,596 | 29.13 |
2012 | 8,201,674 | 2,395,624 | 29.21 |
2013 | 8,062,587 | 3,121,855 | 38.72 |
2014 | 9,167,980 | 3,391,500 | 36.99 |
2015 | 8,994,604 | 2,642,817 | 29.38 |
2016 | 9,266,868 | 2,448,955 | 26.43 |
2017 | 9,361,492 | 2,015,623 | 21.53 |
2018 | 9,602,854 | 2,099,580 | 21.86 |
2019 | 8,956,874 | 1,750,092 | 19.54 |
2020 | 7,447,859 | 2,289,871 | 30.75 |
2021 | 7,664,756 | 2,063,248 | 26.92 |
Year | Production (m3) | Export (m3) | Share of Exports in Production (%) |
---|---|---|---|
2001 | 13,467,000 | 957,000 | 7.11 |
2002 | 14,846,000 | 893,000 | 6.02 |
2003 | 17,055,000 | 841,000 | 4.93 |
2004 | 16,483,000 | 1,037,000 | 6.29 |
2005 | 16,471,000 | 901,000 | 5.47 |
2006 | 19,135,000 | 772,000 | 4.03 |
2007 | 21,317,341 | 921,000 | 4.32 |
2008 | 21,795,428 | 1,013,000 | 4.65 |
2009 | 16,727,438 | 805,400 | 4.81 |
2010 | 17,830,956 | 1,030,625 | 5.78 |
2011 | 18,695,671 | 1,081,825 | 5.79 |
2012 | 18,020,680 | 884,324 | 4.91 |
2013 | 17,389,735 | 882,630 | 5.08 |
2014 | 17,088,560 | 762,550 | 4.46 |
2015 | 17,549,526 | 843,620 | 4.81 |
2016 | 16,763,033 | 891,370 | 5.32 |
2017 | 17,647,118 | 889,790 | 5.04 |
2018 | 19,192,060 | 968,200 | 5.04 |
2019 | 18,903,715 | 906,078 | 4.79 |
2020 | 16,789,570 | 638,672 | 3.80 |
2021 | 18,420,265 | 1,081,789 | 5.87 |
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Březina, D.; Michal, J.; Hlaváčková, P. The Impact of Natural Disturbances on the Central European Timber Market—An Analytical Study. Forests 2024, 15, 592. https://doi.org/10.3390/f15040592
Březina D, Michal J, Hlaváčková P. The Impact of Natural Disturbances on the Central European Timber Market—An Analytical Study. Forests. 2024; 15(4):592. https://doi.org/10.3390/f15040592
Chicago/Turabian StyleBřezina, David, Jakub Michal, and Petra Hlaváčková. 2024. "The Impact of Natural Disturbances on the Central European Timber Market—An Analytical Study" Forests 15, no. 4: 592. https://doi.org/10.3390/f15040592