Microstructure and Characteristics of Calcium Phosphate Layers on Bioactive Oxide Surfaces of Air-Sintered Titanium Foams after Immersion in Simulated Body Fluid
"> Figure 1
<p>X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of Ti foams sintered at 800, 900, and 1000 °C in air and of a foam sintered at 1100 °C in vacuum.</p> "> Figure 2
<p>Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs of the strut surfaces of Ti foams sintered at 800, 900, and 1000 °C in air and of the strut surfaces of a Ti foam sintered at 1100 °C in vacuum.</p> "> Figure 3
<p>Water contact angles of Ti samples sintered at 800, 900, and 1000 °C in air.</p> "> Figure 4
<p>SEM micrographs of the surface morphology of Ti samples sintered at 800, 900, and 1000 °C in air and of a Ti sample sintered in vacuum after immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF) for 21 days.</p> "> Figure 5
<p>XRD patterns of Ti samples sintered at 800, 900, and 1000 °C in air and of a Ti sample sintered in vacuum after immersion in SBF for 21 days.</p> "> Figure 6
<p>Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) results for Ti samples sintered at 800, 900, and 1000 °C in air and for a Ti sample sintered in vacuum after immersion in SBF for 21 days.</p> "> Figure 7
<p>Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of Ti samples sintered at 800, 900, and 1000 °C in air and of a Ti sample sintered in vacuum after immersion in SBF for 21 days. A: A-type carbonate; B: B-type carbonate.</p> "> Figure 8
<p>(<b>a</b>) Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image of the Ca–P layer of a Ti sample air-sintered at 900 °C after 21 days of immersion in SBF; (<b>b</b>) Three selected-area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns taken from different spots (A, B, and C) indicated in the image of the apatite layer.</p> "> Figure 9
<p>(<b>a</b>) SAED pattern taken from the middle area of the Ca–P layer (spot B in <a href="#materials-09-00956-f008" class="html-fig">Figure 8</a>a); (<b>b</b>) high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) image of the Ca–P layer.</p> "> Figure 10
<p>Photograph of a Ti foam air-sintered at 800 °C. The typical sample of the Ti foam (<b>a</b>), and SEM micrograph of the porous Ti (<b>b</b>).</p> ">
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Structural Characterization of the Sintered Ti Foam
2.2. Wettability
2.3. Ca–P Precipitation on the Sintered Surfaces
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Ca–P Precipitation on the Sintered Surfaces
3.2. Examination of Apatite-Forming Ability
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Ion concentration (mM) | Na+ | K+ | Mg2+ | Ca2+ | Cl− | HPO42− | SO42− | HCO3− |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Blood plasma | 142.0 | 5.0 | 1.5 | 2.5 | 103.0 | 1.0 | 0.5 | 27.0 |
SBF | 142.0 | 5.0 | 1.5 | 2.5 | 147.8 | 1.0 | 0.5 | 4.2 |
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Lee, H.-B.; Hsu, H.-C.; Wu, S.-C.; Hsu, S.-K.; Wang, P.-H.; Ho, W.-F. Microstructure and Characteristics of Calcium Phosphate Layers on Bioactive Oxide Surfaces of Air-Sintered Titanium Foams after Immersion in Simulated Body Fluid. Materials 2016, 9, 956. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma9120956
Lee H-B, Hsu H-C, Wu S-C, Hsu S-K, Wang P-H, Ho W-F. Microstructure and Characteristics of Calcium Phosphate Layers on Bioactive Oxide Surfaces of Air-Sintered Titanium Foams after Immersion in Simulated Body Fluid. Materials. 2016; 9(12):956. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma9120956
Chicago/Turabian StyleLee, Hung-Bin, Hsueh-Chuan Hsu, Shih-Ching Wu, Shih-Kuang Hsu, Peng-Hsiang Wang, and Wen-Fu Ho. 2016. "Microstructure and Characteristics of Calcium Phosphate Layers on Bioactive Oxide Surfaces of Air-Sintered Titanium Foams after Immersion in Simulated Body Fluid" Materials 9, no. 12: 956. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma9120956