Enhanced Multifaceted Properties of Nanoscale Metallic Multilayer Composites
<p>The evolution roadmap of nanoscale metallic multilayer composites (NMMCs).</p> "> Figure 2
<p>Superparamagnetic supraparticles. (<b>a</b>) The experimental setup for the evaporation-guided assembly of a magnetic nanoparticle dispersion on a superamphiphobic surface that produces supraparticles, and (<b>b</b>) the drying process of a 3% weight droplet in the absence (<b>upper</b> panel) and presence (<b>bottom</b> panel) of a magnetic field. Note that a 0.5 mm scale bar is used [<a href="#B57-materials-17-04004" class="html-bibr">57</a>].</p> "> Figure 3
<p>AFM image showing magnetic islands with diameters of 140 and 500 nm within a nonmagnetic matrix following patterning. Note that the Ar<sup>+</sup> implantation has caused the matrix regions to enlarge by around 10 nm in height relative to the protected islands [<a href="#B69-materials-17-04004" class="html-bibr">69</a>].</p> "> Figure 4
<p>Unfolded Fermi surface WSe<sub>2</sub> monolayer from the Fe/WSe2/Pt heterostructure along with its structure and spin Seebeck coefficient (<span class="html-italic">S</span><sub>spin</sub>) as a function of chemical potential (<span class="html-italic">μ</span>) [<a href="#B71-materials-17-04004" class="html-bibr">71</a>].</p> "> Figure 5
<p>Diagram showing ferromagnetic A and non-magnetic B layers in magnetic multilayers. Note that d and d′ indicate the layer’s thickness.</p> "> Figure 6
<p>The schematic representation of (<b>a</b>) conventional silica–gold core nanoshells, (<b>b</b>) multilayer gold–silica–gold nanoshells, and (<b>c</b>) conventional silica–gold core and multilayer gold–silica–gold nanoshell calculated spectra with different inner core radii but the silica and outer radii staying the same (Media 1). Note that the lambda shift indicates the multilayer gold–silica–gold nanoshells’ red shift from the conventional silica–gold core nanoshells [<a href="#B85-materials-17-04004" class="html-bibr">85</a>].</p> "> Figure 7
<p>The structural characteristics of nanocomposite Ag-SiO<sub>2</sub> films and the effect of altering co-sputtering duration at film thicknesses [<a href="#B87-materials-17-04004" class="html-bibr">87</a>].</p> "> Figure 8
<p>Analysis of fringe patterns: (<b>a</b>) the diagram illustrates the exciton transition dipole’s schematic representation, with the top figure showing its out-of-plane orientation and the bottom figure demonstrating its inclined angle; (<b>b</b>) the near-field emission wavelength map of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (5 nm)/NP/Au is displayed with a topography background; (<b>c</b>) the line-cuts of TEPL intensity at various direction angles; and (<b>d</b>) the fringe period expressed mathematically as a function of the angle. Note that the error bar corresponds to the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the peak observed in the Fourier transform of the fringe profiles in (<b>c</b>). The scale bar represents 0.5 µm [<a href="#B91-materials-17-04004" class="html-bibr">91</a>].</p> "> Figure 9
<p>Production of monometallic and multimetallic alloy nanoparticles, as well as the simultaneous effects of sublimation, dewetting, and interdiffusion. (<b>a</b>) Diagrams showing how Ag/Pt and Ag/Au/Pt multilayers are deposited on sapphire (0001) (atomic diffusion at low temperatures during annealing (a-1)), (<b>b</b>) sublimation of Ag atoms while alloy nanoparticles (NPs) are formed, (<b>c</b>) Pt and AuPt NP formation following Ag sublimation, (<b>d</b>) extinction rates of common AgPt and Pt NPs are compared, and (<b>e</b>) local e-field distribution using finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulation of a typical Pt NP [<a href="#B102-materials-17-04004" class="html-bibr">102</a>].</p> "> Figure 10
<p>Schematic representation of the operating principle of the Co-OEC/(AuNP/TNP)n photoanode [<a href="#B103-materials-17-04004" class="html-bibr">103</a>].</p> "> Figure 11
<p>The thermal conductivity of Cu/W multilayered nanofilms at room temperature with varying periodic thicknesses, along with bright-field cross-sectional TEM images of the Cu/W multilayered nanofilms: (<b>a1</b>) thermal conductivity of Cu/W multilayered nanofilms curves at room temperature according to varied periodic thicknesses; (<b>a2</b>) structure of Cu/W multilayered nanofilms; (<b>a3</b>) bright-field cross-sectional TEM micrographs of the Cu/W multilayered nanofilms [<a href="#B106-materials-17-04004" class="html-bibr">106</a>].</p> "> Figure 12
<p>Schematic of the thermal resistance of the Al-Ir-MgO material stack [<a href="#B113-materials-17-04004" class="html-bibr">113</a>].</p> "> Figure 13
<p>Thermal transport physics schematics across the interface. (<b>a</b>) Heat dissipation in a large-scale integrated circuit and (<b>b</b>) phonon transport at the interface of materials A and B [<a href="#B115-materials-17-04004" class="html-bibr">115</a>].</p> ">
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Outline of Multifunctional Properties
- (i)
- Reducing the repeat layer spacing to the nanoscale results in an extremely high density of heterophase interfaces, enhancing radiation resistance and facilitating the development of ultra-high-strength V-graphene nanolayers for nuclear structural applications [15];
- (ii)
- NMMCs can also be engineered to reduce radiation-induced crystalline defects, which leads to improved radiation tolerance, and they can be used in the production of amorphous/crystalline composites with greatly improved radiation tolerance [15];
- (iii)
- In the case of thermal properties:
- (i)
- Thermal barrier coatings, heat exchangers, and other high-temperature components have been developed using NMMCs due to their excellent thermal stability [18].
- (ii)
- NMMCs have a high thermal conductivity, which makes them attractive for thermal management applications. They are used to produce thermal interface materials, heat sinks, and other thermal management devices [19].
- Regarding the electrical properties of NMMCs:
- (i)
- The development of electrical contacts, interconnects, and other electrical components can utilize their high electrical conductivity [1].
- (ii)
- NMMCs can be tailored to manifest specific electrical resistance values, which makes them ideal for various electrical applications, such as resistors, strain gauges, and other electrical components [1].
- (i)
- It provides a comprehensive review of the existing literature on NMMCs, summarizing findings related to their magnetic, optical, radiation tolerance, thermal, and electrical properties.
- (ii)
- The paper emphasizes how precisely controlling layer thicknesses and interfaces in these composites can achieve remarkable performance enhancements. This level of control allows for tuning their properties to a great extent.
- (iii)
- It discusses the underlying mechanisms responsible for the exceptional properties of NMMCs, providing insights into future research directions in this rapidly evolving field.
- (iv)
- This study covers other phenomena of interest, such as thermal stability studies, self-propagating reactions, and the progression from nanomultilayers to amorphous and/or crystalline alloys.
- (v)
- It discusses challenges and future perspectives relating to the design and implementation of nanomaterials for advanced technological applications.
Properties | Material | Method | Key Results | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|
Magnetic | Epitaxial symmetric (Fe/Ni)fcc001 multilayers | Sputter deposited | Enhanced magnetic coercivity by 30% compared to bulk materials | [20] |
Fe/Cu multilayers | Prepared under high vacuum conditions | Enhanced magnetic properties due to exchange coupling between layers | [21] | |
Fe/Fe-N multilayered films | Sputter deposited | Improved soft magnetic properties | [22] | |
Fe/Cu-N multilayered films | Sputter deposited | The oscillations of the in-plane saturation field, coercive force, and remanence ratio | [22] | |
Cu/Fe multilayers | DC-magnetron sputtering | Change in magnetic behavior with the evolution from multilayer to island structures rather than the formation of a nonmagnetic FCC-Fe phase | [23] | |
Fe-Ni/Cu | DC-magnetron sputtering | Fe-Ni/Cu multilayers exhibit alternate ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic coupling | [24] | |
Optical | Au/Ag nanocomposite clusters | Thermal annealing | Tunable plasmonic response in the visible spectrum with high reflectance efficiency | [25] |
Ag/Au bilayer thin films | Electron beam deposition | By adjusting the mass–thickness ratio between Au and Ag, bilayer films’ spectral dispersion of the effective refractive index can be tuned | [26] | |
A multilayer stack composite of alternating layers of Ag and TiO2 | Sputtering | The transmission decreases as the number of multilayer pairs increases due to metal absorption | [27] | |
Radiation tolerance | Bulk nanolayered Cu/Nb composites | Accumulative roll bonding | Improved resistance to radiation-induced damage with minimal structural degradation | [28] |
Nanometric Cr/Ta multilayer | Physical vapor deposition | This coating showed an extremely high radiation tolerance | [29] | |
Cu/V, Cu/Mo, Fe/W, and Al/Nb nanostructured metallic multilayers | Sputtering | He can be stored in extremely high concentrations in nanolayer composites; by encouraging the recombination of point defects of the opposite type, layer interfaces lessen lattice distortion, swelling, and accumulative defect density; interfaces also significantly reduce radiation hardening | [30] | |
Thermal | Al/Cu multilayer composite | Repeated hydrostatic extrusion process | High thermal conductivity and low coefficient of thermal expansion for efficient heat dissipation applications | [31] |
Multilayered Cu mesh/AZ31 Mg foil composites | Diffusion bonding | The α-Mg region and intermetallic compounds form a continuous film-like structure that contributes significantly to heat conduction, making it useful for designing and creating Mg matrix composites with high thermal conductivity | [32] | |
Al/Cu laminated multilayered metal composites | Explosion welding and heat treatment | The thermal resistance of multilayered Al/Cu composites is enhanced by thin Cu layers and a high-volume fraction of intermetallics | [33] | |
Multilayered Al/Cu metal matrix composite | Cold roll bonding and accumulative roll bonding | The thermal conductivity from the Al layer to the Cu layer increased with an increase in copper content, demonstrating the good conductance of the Al/Cu interface and copper’s constituent parts | [34] | |
Electrical | Cu/Nb multilayer | Sputtering | Enhanced electrical conductivity attributed to electron scattering at interfaces | [35] |
Multilayered metallic thin films | Sputtering | Electrical conductivity due to their enhanced interactions at the interfaces between different metals | [36] | |
Ni/Pt and Co/Au25Cu75 multilayered system | Sputtering | These multilayers show a similar type of anomaly in electrical resistivity near a certain temperature, with a deep minimum in dρ/dT, reversible under temperature cycling | [37] | |
Cu/Nb composites with continuous laminated structure | Accumulative roll bonding | The nanolaminated Cu/Nb composites retained excellent electrical conductivity | [38] |
1.2. Motivation
2. Magnetic NMMCs
2.1. Magnetism at the Nanoscale
2.2. Magnetic Multilayer Composites
3. Optical NMMCs
- (i)
- Promote the adhesion of metal layers to their substrates;
- (ii)
- Increase the mechanical hardness of soft plasmonic metal layers;
- (iii)
- Improve the morphology of metal layers by “filling the pores” between the ultrathin metal nanoislands;
- (iv)
- Potentially smoothing the interface roughness of the ultrathin metal layers [86].
3.1. Light–Matter Interaction at the Nanoscale
3.2. Plasmonic Effects in Multilayer Composites
- (i)
- (ii)
- (iii)
- Fano resonance and giant field enhancement [96];
- (iv)
- (v)
4. Thermal NMMCs
4.1. Thermal Conductivity in Multilayer Composites
4.2. Transport Mechanisms of Phonon
5. Electrical NMMCs
5.1. Conductivity in Multilayer Composites
- (i)
- Increasing the number of interfaces: the large number of interfaces in NMMCs can lead to enhanced electron scattering and improved electrical conductivity;
- (ii)
- Controlling the layer thickness: the thickness of the individual layers in NMMs can be precisely controlled, which can lead to improved electrical conductivity [1];
- (iii)
- Using conductive nanomaterials: conductive nanomaterials, such as silver nanowires, can be incorporated into NMMCs to enhance their electrical conductivity [117];
- (iv)
- Fine-tuning the sheet resistance: the electrical conductivity of NMMCs can be fine-tuned by adjusting the number of deposition cycles [118].
5.2. Quantum Size Effects on Electrical Conductivity
6. Radiation Tolerance NMMCs
- (i)
- Enhanced durability: coatings with high radiation tolerance can protect underlying materials and components from degradation and damage caused by radiation exposure, thereby extending their operational lifespan [29];
- (ii)
- Improved reliability: by withstanding radiation, multilayer coatings can contribute to the reliability and stability of critical components, reducing the need for frequent maintenance and replacement;
- (iii)
- Radiation shielding: high radiation-tolerant coatings can serve as effective barriers against harmful radiation, safeguarding sensitive instruments and equipment from its detrimental effects [30];
- (iv)
- Versatile applications: these coatings can find applications in diverse fields, including aerospace, nuclear technology, medical devices, and particle accelerators, where exposure to radiation is a concern [30].
6.1. Radiation Tolerance in Multilayer Composites
6.2. Potential Applications of Radiation Tolerance in Nanoscale Multilayer Composites
- (i)
- Radiation shielding: NMMCs can serve as effective barriers against harmful radiation, safeguarding sensitive instruments and equipment from its detrimental effects [30];
- (ii)
- Nuclear technology: radiation-tolerant NMMCs can be used in nuclear reactors and other nuclear technology applications to enhance the durability and reliability of critical components [30];
- (iii)
- Space: the ability of radiation-tolerant NMMCs to withstand and mitigate the effects of radiation exposure is crucial for ensuring the longevity and performance of sensitive equipment and components in space;
- (iv)
- High-energy physics facilities: radiation-tolerant NMMCs can be used in high-energy physics facilities to protect sensitive detectors and other equipment from radiation damage.
7. Conclusions
Future Directions
- (i)
- Advanced synthesis methods: continued research and development of advanced synthesis methods, such as physical vapor deposition technologies like magnetron sputtering, will enable the precise control and fabrication of metallic-based structures with nanoscaled layer dimensions.
- (ii)
- Enhanced material behaviors: further exploration of the enhanced material behaviors exhibited by NMMCs, with a focus on tailoring their properties to meet specific application requirements in diverse fields.
- (iii)
- Multifunctional coatings: advancement in the development of multifunctional coatings, particularly in the optical domain, leveraging the promising attributes of NMMCs for durable and transparent multifunctional coatings.
- (iv)
- Radiation tolerance studies: continued research into the radiation tolerance properties of NMMCs, with a focus on understanding and enhancing their ability to withstand radiation damage, particularly in applications related to nuclear technology, space, and high-energy physics facilities.
- (v)
- Mechanical and thermal properties: further investigations into the mechanical, thermal conductivity, and thermal stability properties of NMMCs are needed to expand their potential applications in areas requiring high-strength and thermally stable materials.
- (vi)
- Characterization techniques: advancements in characterization techniques, such as X-rays, enable comprehensive analysis and understanding of the properties and behaviors of NMMCs.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Sáenz-Trevizo, A.; Hodge, A.M. Nanomaterials by Design: A Review of Nanoscale Metallic Multilayers. Nanotechnology 2020, 31, 292002. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhou, Q.; Ren, Y.; Du, Y.; Hua, D.; Han, W. Cracking and Toughening Mechanisms in Nanoscale Metallic Multilayer Films: A Brief Review. Appl. Sci. 2018, 8, 1821. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Nasim, M.; Li, Y.; Wen, M.; Wen, C. A Review of High-Strength Nanolaminates and Evaluation of Their Properties. J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 2020, 50, 215–244. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Péter, L.; Bakonyi, I. Electrodeposition and Properties of Nanoscale Magnetic/Non-Magnetic Metallic Multilayer Films. In Electrocrystallization in Nanotechnology; Wiley: Hoboken, NJ, USA, 2007; pp. 242–260. [Google Scholar]
- Antón, R.L.; González, J.A.; Andrés, J.P.; Svalov, A.V.; Kurlyandskaya, G.V. Structural and Magnetic Properties of Ni0.8Fe0.2/Ti Nanoscale Multilayers. Nanomaterials 2018, 8, 780. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ebrahimi, M.; Wang, Q.; Attarilar, S. A Comprehensive Review of Magnesium-Based Alloys and Composites Processed by Cyclic Extrusion Compression and the Related Techniques. Prog. Mater. Sci. 2023, 131, 101016. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Armstrong, S.R.; Du, J.; Baer, E. Co-Extruded Multilayer Shape Memory Materials: Nano-Scale Phenomena. Polymer 2014, 55, 626–631. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lega, P.; Koledov, V.; Orlov, A.; Kuchin, D.; Frolov, A.; Shavrov, V.; Martynova, A.; Irzhak, A.; Shelyakov, A.; Sampath, V.; et al. Composite Materials Based on Shape-Memory Ti 2 NiCu Alloy for Frontier Micro- and Nanomechanical Applications. Adv. Eng. Mater. 2017, 19, 1700154. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ebrahimi, M.; Wang, Q. Accumulative Roll-Bonding of Aluminum Alloys and Composites: An Overview of Properties and Performance. J. Mater. Res. Technol. 2022, 19, 4381–4403. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kelly, K.L.; Coronado, E.; Zhao, L.L.; Schatz, G.C. The Optical Properties of Metal Nanoparticles: The Influence of Size, Shape, and Dielectric Environment. J. Phys. Chem. B 2003, 107, 668–677. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chen, Y.-A.; Naidu, S.V.; Luo, Z.; Chang, C.-H. Enhancing Optical Transmission of Multilayer Composites Using Interfacial Nanostructures. J. Appl. Phys. 2019, 126, 063101. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Abazari, A.M.; Safavi, S.M.; Rezazadeh, G.; Villanueva, L.G. Size Effects on Mechanical Properties of Micro/Nano Structures. arXiv 2015, arXiv:1508.01322. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Ebrahimi, M.; Luo, B.; Wang, Q.; Attarilar, S. High-Performance Nanoscale Metallic Multilayer Composites: Techniques, Mechanical Properties and Applications. Materials 2024, 17, 2124. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Subedi, S.; Beyerlein, I.J.; LeSar, R.; Rollett, A.D. Strength of Nanoscale Metallic Multilayers. Scr. Mater. 2018, 145, 132–136. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kim, Y.; Baek, J.; Kim, S.; Kim, S.; Ryu, S.; Jeon, S.; Han, S.M. Radiation Resistant Vanadium-Graphene Nanolayered Composite. Sci. Rep. 2016, 6, 24785. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Thibeault, S.A.; Kang, J.H.; Sauti, G.; Park, C.; Fay, C.C.; King, G.C. Nanomaterials for Radiation Shielding. MRS Bull. 2015, 40, 836–841. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Amini, M.; Azadegan, B.; Akbarzadeh, H.; Gharaei, R. Analysis of MoS2 and WS2 Nano-Layers Role on the Radiation Resistance of Various Cu/MS2/Cu and Cu/MS2@Cu@MS2/Cu Nanocomposites. Materialia 2022, 21, 101281. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- You, C.; Xie, W.; Miao, S.; Liang, T.; Zeng, L.; Zhang, X.; Wang, H. High Strength, High Electrical Conductivity and Thermally Stable Bulk Cu/Ag Nanolayered Composites Prepared by Cross Accumulative Roll Bonding. Mater. Des. 2021, 200, 109455. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Aryal, A.; Bradicich, A.; Iverson, E.T.; Long, C.T.; Chiang, H.-C.; Grunlan, J.C.; Shamberger, P.J. Thermal Conductivity of Multilayer Polymer-Nanocomposite Thin Films. J. Appl. Phys. 2022, 132, 195104. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Frisk, A.; Ali, H.; Svedlindh, P.; Leifer, K.; Andersson, G.; Nyberg, T. Composition, Structure and Magnetic Properties of Ultra-Thin Fe/Ni Multilayers Sputter Deposited on Epitaxial Cu/Si(001). Thin Solid Films 2018, 646, 117–125. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Badia, F.; Fratucello, G.; Martinez, B.; Fiorani, D.; Labarta, A.; Tejada, J. Magnetic Properties of Fe/Cu Multilayers. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 1991, 93, 425–428. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ono, H.; Fujinaga, M.; Yonemoto, T.; Miyagawa, T.; Yamamoto, H. Magnetic Properties of Fe/Fe-N and Fe/Cu-N Multilayered Films Having Intermediate Layers Containing Nitrogen. IEEE Trans. Magn. 1995, 31, 795–799. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lee, D.W.; Ryan, D.H.; Altounian, Z.; Kuprin, A. Structural and Magnetic Properties of Cu/Fe Multilayers. Phys. Rev. B 1999, 59, 7001–7009. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhou, S.M.; Zhai, H.R.; Hu, A.; Liu, Y.H.; Lu, M.; Xu, Y.B. Magnetic Properties of Fe-Ni/Cu Multilayers. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 1993, 126, 298–299. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ji, J.; Li, Z. Tunable Surface Plasmon Resonance Wavelengths Response from Au/Ag Nanocomposite System. Thin Solid Films 2023, 764, 139602. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hsu, J.; Fuentes-Hernandez, C.; Ernst, A.R.; Hales, J.M.; Perry, J.W.; Kippelen, B. Linear and Nonlinear Optical Properties of Ag/Au Bilayer Thin Films. Opt. Express 2012, 20, 8629. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Subramania, G.; Fischer, A.J.; Luk, T.S. Optical Properties of Metal-Dielectric Based Epsilon near Zero Metamaterials. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2012, 101, 241107. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Han, W.; Demkowicz, M.J.; Mara, N.A.; Fu, E.; Sinha, S.; Rollett, A.D.; Wang, Y.; Carpenter, J.S.; Beyerlein, I.J.; Misra, A. Design of Radiation Tolerant Materials Via Interface Engineering. Adv. Mater. 2013, 25, 6975–6979. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Khodja, H.; Sall, M.; Loyer-Prost, M.; Cabet, C.; Billard, A.; Monnet, I. Radiation Tolerance of Multilayer Coating Revealed by IBA. Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B Beam Interact. Mater. At. 2019, 450, 215–219. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhang, X.; Fu, E.G.; Li, N.; Misra, A.; Wang, Y.-Q.; Shao, L.; Wang, H. Design of Radiation Tolerant Nanostructured Metallic Multilayers. J. Eng. Mater. Technol. 2012, 134, 041010. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lee, T.-H.; Lee, Y.-J.; Park, K.-T.; Jeong, H.-G.; Lee, J.-H. Mechanical and Asymmetrical Thermal Properties of Al/Cu Composite Fabricated by Repeated Hydrostatic Extrusion Process. Met. Mater. Int. 2015, 21, 402–407. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yao, F.; You, G.; Zeng, S.; Zhou, K.; Peng, L.; Ming, Y. Fabrication, Microstructure, and Thermal Conductivity of Multilayered Cu Mesh/AZ31 Mg Foil Composites. J. Mater. Res. Technol. 2021, 14, 1539–1550. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Trykov, Y.; Gurevich, L.; Pronichev, D.; Trunov, M. Influence of Strain-Hardened Zones and Intermetallic Layers of Explosion Welded and Heat Treated Al/Cu Laminated Metal Composites on the Evolution of Thermal Conductivity Coefficient. Mater. Sci. 2014, 20, 267–270. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tayyebi, M.; Alizadeh, M. Thermal and Wear Properties of Al/Cu Functionally Graded Metal Matrix Composite Produced by Severe Plastic Deformation Method. J. Manuf. Process. 2023, 85, 515–526. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Fenn, M.; Petford-Long, A.; Donovan, P. Electrical Resistivity of Cu and Nb Thin Films and Multilayers. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 1999, 198–199, 231–232. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chen, C.X. Electrical Conductivity of Multi-Layered Metallic Thin Films. Appl. Phys. A Solids Surfaces 1986, 40, 37–40. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- de Azevedo, M.M.P.; Almeida, B.G.; Amaral, V.S.; Sousa, J.B.; Freitas, P.P.; Krishnan, R. Anomalous Electrical Resistivity in Metallic Multilayer Systems and Interfacial Structural Changes. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 1996, 156, 357–358. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ding, C.; Xu, J.; Shan, D.; Guo, B.; Langdon, T.G. Sustainable Fabrication of Cu/Nb Composites with Continuous Laminated Structure to Achieve Ultrahigh Strength and Excellent Electrical Conductivity. Compos. Part B Eng. 2021, 211, 108662. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chen, M.; Hao, Y.; Zhu, C.; Liu, S.; Liu, S.; Hu, X.; Li, X.; Wu, H.; Lu, X.; Qu, J. Efficient Exfoliation and Dispersion of Expanded Graphite through Dry Ice Explosion Synergized Shear Flow Field for High-Thermal Conductive NR/EG Composite Preparation in Large-Scale. Polymer 2024, 297, 126854. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Xue, N.; Li, W.; Shao, L.; Tu, Z.; Chen, Y.; Dai, S.; Ye, N.; Zhang, J.; Liu, Q.; Wang, J.; et al. Comparison of Cold-Sprayed Coatings of Copper-Based Composite Deposited on AZ31B Magnesium Alloy and 6061 T6 Aluminum Alloy Substrates. Materials 2023, 16, 5120. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ebrahimi, M.; Shaeri, M.H.; Gode, C.; Armoon, H.; Shamsborhan, M. The Synergistic Effect of Dilute Alloying and Nanostructuring of Copper on the Improvement of Mechanical and Tribological Response. Compos. Part B Eng. 2019, 164, 508–516. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ebrahimi, M.; Zhang, L.; Wang, Q.; Zhou, H.; Li, W. Damping Characterization and Its Underlying Mechanisms in CNTs/AZ91D Composite Processed by Cyclic Extrusion and Compression. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 2021, 821, 141605. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ebrahimi, M.; Zhang, L.; Wang, Q.; Zhou, H.; Li, W. Damping Performance of SiC Nanoparticles Reinforced Magnesium Matrix Composites Processed by Cyclic Extrusion and Compression. J. Magnes. Alloys 2021, 11, 1608–1617. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Li, M.; Guo, Q.; Chen, L.; Li, L.; Hou, H.; Zhao, Y. Microstructure and Properties of Graphene Nanoplatelets Reinforced AZ91D Matrix Composites Prepared by Electromagnetic Stirring Casting. J. Mater. Res. Technol. 2022, 21, 4138–4150. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yin, S.; Du, Y.; Liang, X.; Xie, Y.; Xie, D.; Mei, Y. Surface Coating of Biomass-Modified Black Phosphorus Enhances Flame Retardancy of Rigid Polyurethane Foam and Its Synergistic Mechanism. Appl. Surf. Sci. 2023, 637, 157961. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Antony, R.; Jacob, J.A.E.; Fan, H.-X.; Li, W.; Li, W.-Y. 00215 Designing Composite Materials for Oxidative Desulfurization. In Reference Module in Materials Science and Materials Engineering; Elsevier: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2022. [Google Scholar]
- Zhang, C.; Khorshidi, H.; Najafi, E.; Ghasemi, M. Fresh, Mechanical and Microstructural Properties of Alkali-Activated Composites Incorporating Nanomaterials: A Comprehensive Review. J. Clean. Prod. 2023, 384, 135390. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bakonyi, I.; Péter, L. Electrodeposited Multilayer Films with Giant Magnetoresistance (GMR): Progress and Problems. Prog. Mater. Sci. 2010, 55, 107–245. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ennen, I.; Kappe, D.; Rempel, T.; Glenske, C.; Hütten, A. Giant Magnetoresistance: Basic Concepts, Microstructure, Magnetic Interactions and Applications. Sensors 2016, 16, 904. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Su, Y.; Shen, Z.; Long, X.; Chen, C.; Qi, L.; Chao, X. Gaussian Filtering Method of Evaluating the Elastic/Elasto-Plastic Properties of Sintered Nanocomposites with Quasi-Continuous Volume Distribution. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 2023, 872, 145001. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tang, X.; Zhu, S.; Wei, R.; Hu, L.; Yang, J.; Song, W.; Dai, J.; Zhu, X.; Sun, Y. Exchange Coupling and Improved Properties of the Multilayer CoFe2O4/La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 Thin Films. Compos. Part B Eng. 2020, 186, 107801. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kurichenko, V.L.; Karpenkov, D.Y.; Degtyarenko, A.Y. Experimental and Micromagnetic Investigation of Texture Influence on Magnetic Properties of Anisotropic Co/Co3O4 Exchange-Bias Composites. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 2023, 565, 170232. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Nandwana, V.; Zhou, R.; Mohapatra, J.; Kim, S.; Prasad, P.V.; Liu, J.P.; Dravid, V.P. Exchange Coupling in Soft Magnetic Nanostructures and Its Direct Effect on Their Theranostic Properties. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2018, 10, 27233–27243. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Dahal, J.N.; Neupane, D.; Mishra, S.R. Exchange-Coupling Behavior in SrFe12O19/La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 Nanocomposites. Ceramics 2019, 2, 100–111. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Slimani, Y.; Algarou, N.A.; Almessiere, M.A.; Sadaqat, A.; Vakhitov, M.G.; Klygach, D.S.; Tishkevich, D.I.; Trukhanov, A.V.; Güner, S.; Hakeem, A.S.; et al. Fabrication of Exchange Coupled Hard/Soft Magnetic Nanocomposites: Correlation between Composition, Magnetic, Optical and Microwave Properties. Arab. J. Chem. 2021, 14, 102992. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Li, Y.T.; Jiang, X.; Wang, X.T.; Leng, Y.X. Integration of Hardness and Toughness in (CuNiTiNbCr)Nx High Entropy Films through Nitrogen-Induced Nanocomposite Structure. Scr. Mater. 2024, 238, 115763. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hu, M.; Butt, H.-J.; Landfester, K.; Bannwarth, M.B.; Wooh, S.; Thérien-Aubin, H. Shaping the Assembly of Superparamagnetic Nanoparticles. ACS Nano 2019, 13, 3015–3022. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tartaj, P. Superparamagnetic Composites: Magnetism with No Memory. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 2009, 2009, 333–343. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ebrahimi, M.; Liu, G.; Wang, Q.; Jiang, H.; Ding, W.; Shang, Z.; Luo, L. Evaluation of Interface Structure and High-Temperature Tensile Behavior in Cu/Al8011/Al5052 Trilayered Composite. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 2020, 798, 140129. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sharifzadeh, M.; Shaeri, M.H.; Taghiabadi, R.; Mozaffari, F.; Ebrahimi, M. Investigating the Combination Effect of Warm Extrusion and Multi-Directional Forging on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Al–Mg2Si Composites. Arch. Civ. Mech. Eng. 2020, 20, 33. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ebrahimi, M.; Liu, G.; Li, C.; Wang, Q.; Jiang, H.; Ding, W.; Su, F. Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Cu/Al8011/Al1060 Trilayered Composite: A Comprehensive Study. J. Mater. Res. Technol. 2020, 9, 14695–14707. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ebrahimi, M.; Liu, G.; Li, C.; Wang, Q.; Jiang, H.; Ding, W.; Su, F.; Shang, Z. Characteristic Investigation of Trilayered Cu/Al8011/Al1060 Composite: Interface Morphology, Microstructure, and in-Situ Tensile Deformation. Prog. Nat. Sci. Mater. Int. 2021, 31, 679–687. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Li, Y.T.; Chen, X.M.; Zeng, X.K.; Liu, M.; Jiang, X.; Leng, Y.X. Hard yet Tough and Self-Lubricating (CuNiTiNbCr)C High-Entropy Nanocomposite Films: Effects of Carbon Content on Structure and Properties. J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 2024, 173, 20–30. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhao, H.; Zhao, G.; Liu, F.; Xiang, T.; Zhou, J.; Li, L. Realizing Dendrite-Free Lithium Deposition with Three-Dimensional Soft-Rigid Nanofiber Interlayers. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2024, 666, 131–140. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Qiu, J.; Xu, C.; Xu, X.; Zhao, Y.; Zhao, Y.; Zhao, Y.; Wang, J. Porous Covalent Organic Framework Based Hydrogen-Bond Nanotrap for the Precise Recognition and Separation of Gold. Angew. Chemie Int. Ed. 2023, 62, e202300459. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhao, C.; Kang, J.; Li, Y.; Wang, Y.; Tang, X.; Jiang, Z. Carbon-Based Stimuli-Responsive Nanomaterials: Classification and Application. Cyborg Bionic Syst. 2023, 4, 22. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kang, J.; Liu, G.; Hu, Q.; Huang, Y.; Liu, L.-M.; Dong, L.; Teobaldi, G.; Guo, L. Parallel Nanosheet Arrays for Industrial Oxygen Production. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2023, 145, 25143–25149. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Hu, J.-M.; Yang, T.N.; Chen, L.Q.; Nan, C.W. Engineering Domain Structures in Nanoscale Magnetic Thin Films via Strain. J. Appl. Phys. 2013, 114, 164303. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Takamura, Y.; Chopdekar, R.V.; Scholl, A.; Doran, A.; Liddle, J.A.; Harteneck, B.; Suzuki, Y. Tuning Magnetic Domain Structure in Nanoscale La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 Islands. Nano Lett. 2006, 6, 1287–1291. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Bettinger, J.S.; Chopdekar, R.V.; Mesler, B.; Chain, D.; Doran, A.; Anderson, E.; Scholl, A.; Suzuki, Y. Tuning the Magnetic Domain Structure of Spin-Polarized Complex Oxide Nanostructures. MRS Proc. 2010, 1256, 1303. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Thi-Xuan Dang, D.; Barik, R.K.; Phan, M.-H.; Woods, L.M. Enhanced Magnetism in Heterostructures with Transition-Metal Dichalcogenide Monolayers. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2022, 13, 8879–8887. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Fang, K.Y.; Gong, L.H.; Jing, W.Q.; Fang, F. Nanoscale Domain Structure Evolution and Magnetoelectric Coupling for PMN-33PT/Terfenol-D Multiferroic Composite. Mater. Today Commun. 2019, 21, 100650. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Fang, F.; Jing, W.Q. Magnetic Field-Induced Ferroelectric Domain Structure Evolution and Magnetoelectric Coupling for [110]-Oriented PMN-PT/Terfenol-D Multiferroic Composites. AIP Adv. 2016, 6, 015008. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Fang, F.; Jing, W.; Zhou, Y.; Yang, W. In Situ Domain Structure Observation and Giant Magnetoelectric Coupling for PMN—PT /Terfenol-D Multiferroic Composites. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 2014, 97, 2511–2516. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Nisticò, R.; Cesano, F.; Garello, F. Magnetic Materials and Systems: Domain Structure Visualization and Other Characterization Techniques for the Application in the Materials Science and Biomedicine. Inorganics 2020, 8, 6. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Soler, M.A.G. Hybrid Nanoscale Magnetic Composites. In Proceedings of the 8th Pacific Rim International Congress on Advanced Materials and Processing, Waikoloa, HI, USA, 4–9 August 2013; Springer: Cham, Switzerland, 2013; Volume 2, pp. 1709–1721. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Shukla, V. Observation of Critical Magnetic Behavior in 2D Carbon Based Composites. Nanoscale Adv. 2020, 2, 962–990. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Barman, A.; Mondal, S.; Sahoo, S.; De, A. Magnetization Dynamics of Nanoscale Magnetic Materials: A Perspective. J. Appl. Phys. 2020, 128, 170901. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Behrens, S. Preparation of Functional Magnetic Nanocomposites and Hybrid Materials: Recent Progress and Future Directions. Nanoscale 2011, 3, 877–892. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Inoue, J. GMR, TMR and BMR. In Nanomagnetism and Spintronics; Elsevier: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2009; pp. 15–92. [Google Scholar]
- Falub, C.V.; Bless, M.; Hida, R.; Meduňa, M.; Ammann, A. Innovative Soft Magnetic Multilayers with Enhanced In-Plane Anisotropy and Ferromagnetic Resonance Frequency for Integrated RF Passive Devices. AIP Adv. 2018, 8, 048002. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Makarova, L.A.; Alekhina, I.A.; Khairullin, M.F.; Makarin, R.A.; Perov, N.S. Dynamic Magnetoelectric Effect of Soft Layered Composites with a Magnetic Elastomer. Polymers 2023, 15, 2262. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jan Kusinski, G.; Thomas, G. Microstructural Design of Nanomultilayers (from Steel to Magnetics). In Nano and Microstructural Design of Advanced Materials; Elsevier: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2003; pp. 81–91. [Google Scholar]
- Moruzzi, V.L.; Marcus, P.M. Giant Magnetoresistance in FeRh: A Natural Magnetic Multilayer. Phys. Rev. B 1992, 46, 14198–14200. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hu, Y.; Fleming, R.C.; Drezek, R.A. Optical Properties of Gold-Silica-Gold Multilayer Nanoshells. Opt. Express 2008, 16, 19579. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Nur-E-Alam, M.; Rahman, M.M.; Basher, M.K.; Vasiliev, M.; Alameh, K. Optical and Chromaticity Properties of Metal-Dielectric Composite-Based Multilayer Thin-Film Structures Prepared by RF Magnetron Sputtering. Coatings 2020, 10, 251. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sun, L.; Grant, J.T.; Jones, J.G.; Murphy, N.R.; Vernon, J.P.; Stevenson, P.R. Tailoring the Optical Properties of Nanoscale-Thick Metal–Dielectric Ag–SiO2 Nanocomposite Films for Precision Optical Coating Integration. ACS Appl. Nano Mater. 2023, 6, 7704–7714. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ramos, M.; Gadea, M.; Mañas-Valero, S.; Boix-Constant, C.; Henríquez-Guerra, E.; Díaz-García, M.A.; Coronado, E.; Calvo, M.R. Tunable, Multifunctional Opto-Electrical Response in Multilayer FePS3 /Single-Layer MoS2 van Der Waals p–n Heterojunctions. Nanoscale Adv. 2024, 6, 1909–1916. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lienau, C.; Noginov, M.A.; Lončar, M. Light–Matter Interactions at the Nanoscale. J. Opt. 2014, 16, 110201. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rahmani, M.; Jagadish, C. Light–Matter Interactions on the Nanoscale. Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2125–2127. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jo, K.; Marino, E.; Lynch, J.; Jiang, Z.; Gogotsi, N.; Darlington, T.P.; Soroush, M.; Schuck, P.J.; Borys, N.J.; Murray, C.B.; et al. Direct Nano-Imaging of Light-Matter Interactions in Nanoscale Excitonic Emitters. Nat. Commun. 2023, 14, 2649. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Neyer, T.; Schattschneider, P.; Bolton, J.P.R.; Botton, G.A. Plasmon Coupling and Finite Size Effects in Metallic Multilayers. J. Microsc. 1997, 187, 184–192. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Halas, N.J.; Lal, S.; Chang, W.-S.; Link, S.; Nordlander, P. Plasmons in Strongly Coupled Metallic Nanostructures. Chem. Rev. 2011, 111, 3913–3961. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Okamoto, K.; Tanaka, D.; Degawa, R.; Li, X.; Wang, P.; Ryuzaki, S.; Tamada, K. Electromagnetically Induced Transparency of a Plasmonic Metamaterial Light Absorber Based on Multilayered Metallic Nanoparticle Sheets. Sci. Rep. 2016, 6, 36165. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Dong, H.; Gao, C.; Zeng, L.; Zhang, D.; Zhang, H. Investigating on the Electromagnetically Induced Absorption Metamaterial in the Terahertz Region Realized by the Multilayer Structure. Phys. B Condens. Matter 2022, 639, 413936. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sekkat, Z.; Hayashi, S.; Nesterenko, D.V.; Rahmouni, A.; Refki, S.; Ishitobi, H.; Inouye, Y.; Kawata, S. Plasmonic Coupled Modes in Metal-Dielectric Multilayer Structures: Fano Resonance and Giant Field Enhancement. Opt. Express 2016, 24, 20080. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Yu, H.; Peng, Y.; Yang, Y.; Li, Z.-Y. Plasmon-Enhanced Light–Matter Interactions and Applications. Npj Comput. Mater. 2019, 5, 45. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mukherjee, S.; Chowdhury, R.K.; Karmakar, D.; Wan, M.; Jacob, C.; Das, S.; Ray, S.K. Plasmon Triggered, Enhanced Light–Matter Interactions in Au–MoS2 Coupled System with Superior Photosensitivity. J. Phys. Chem. C 2021, 125, 11023–11034. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lo Sciuto, G.; Napoli, C.; Kowol, P.; Capizzi, G.; Brociek, R.; Wajda, A.; Słota, D. Multilayer Plasmonic Nanostructures for Improved Sensing Activities Using a FEM and Neurocomputing-Based Approach. Sensors 2022, 22, 7486. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Wang, H.; Wang, T.; Yuan, X.; Wang, Y.; Yue, X.; Wang, L.; Zhang, J.; Wang, J. Plasmonic Nanostructure Biosensors: A Review. Sensors 2023, 23, 8156. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Päivänranta, B.; Merbold, H.; Giannini, R.; Büchi, L.; Gorelick, S.; David, C.; Löffler, J.F.; Feurer, T.; Ekinci, Y. High Aspect Ratio Plasmonic Nanostructures for Sensing Applications. ACS Nano 2011, 5, 6374–6382. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Sui, M.; Kunwar, S.; Pandey, P.; Lee, J. Strongly Confined Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) Bands of Pt, AgPt, AgAuPt Nanoparticles. Sci. Rep. 2019, 9, 16582. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Kim, J.; Son, H.Y.; Nam, Y.S. Multilayered Plasmonic Heterostructure of Gold and Titania Nanoparticles for Solar Fuel Production. Sci. Rep. 2018, 8, 10464. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Malhotra, A.; Kothari, K.; Maldovan, M. Enhancing Thermal Transport in Layered Nanomaterials. Sci. Rep. 2018, 8, 1880. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Feng, B.; Li, Z.; Zhang, X. Prediction of Size Effect on Thermal Conductivity of Nanoscale Metallic Films. Thin Solid Films 2009, 517, 2803–2807. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Dong, L.; Wei, G.; Cheng, T.; Tang, J.; Ye, X.; Hong, M.; Hu, L.; Yin, R.; Zhao, S.; Cai, G.; et al. Thermal Conductivity, Electrical Resistivity, and Microstructure of Cu/W Multilayered Nanofilms. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2020, 12, 8886–8896. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- García-Pastor, F.A.; Montelongo-Vega, J.B.; Tovar-Padilla, M.V.; Cardona-Castro, M.A.; Alvarez-Quintana, J. Robust Metallic Nanolaminates Having Phonon-Glass Thermal Conductivity. Materials 2020, 13, 4954. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Lim, M.; Ordonez-Miranda, J.; Lee, S.S.; Lee, B.J.; Volz, S. Thermal-Conductivity Enhancement by Surface Electromagnetic Waves Propagating along Multilayered Structures with Asymmetric Surrounding Media. Phys. Rev. Appl. 2019, 12, 034044. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Miao, W.; Wang, M. Importance of Electron-Phonon Coupling in Thermal Transport in Metal/Semiconductor Multilayer Films. Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 2023, 200, 123538. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Giri, A.; Walton, S.G.; Tomko, J.; Bhatt, N.; Johnson, M.J.; Boris, D.R.; Lu, G.; Caldwell, J.D.; Prezhdo, O.V.; Hopkins, P.E. Ultrafast and Nanoscale Energy Transduction Mechanisms and Coupled Thermal Transport across Interfaces. ACS Nano 2023, 17, 14253–14282. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Li, Q.; Liu, F.; Hu, S.; Song, H.; Yang, S.; Jiang, H.; Wang, T.; Koh, Y.K.; Zhao, C.; Kang, F.; et al. Inelastic Phonon Transport across Atomically Sharp Metal/Semiconductor Interfaces. Nat. Commun. 2022, 13, 4901. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Herzog, M.; von Reppert, A.; Pudell, J.; Henkel, C.; Kronseder, M.; Back, C.H.; Maznev, A.A.; Bargheer, M. Phonon-Dominated Energy Transport in Purely Metallic Heterostructures. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2022, 32, 2206179. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Perez, C. How Electrons and Phonons Promote Heat Transfer in Material Systems. Res. Outreach 2023, 200, 123538. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Xie, S.; Zhu, H.; Zhang, X.; Wang, H. A Brief Review on the Recent Development of Phonon Engineering and Manipulation at Nanoscales. Int. J. Extrem. Manuf. 2024, 6, 012007. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ishibe, T.; Okuhata, R.; Kaneko, T.; Yoshiya, M.; Nakashima, S.; Ishida, A.; Nakamura, Y. Heat Transport through Propagon-Phonon Interaction in Epitaxial Amorphous-Crystalline Multilayers. Commun. Phys. 2021, 4, 153. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Misra, A.; Kung, H.; Embury, J.D. Preface to the Viewpoint Set on: Deformation and Stability of Nanoscale Metallic Multilayers. Scr. Mater. 2004, 50, 707–710. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Naghdi, S.; Rhee, K.; Hui, D.; Park, S. A Review of Conductive Metal Nanomaterials as Conductive, Transparent, and Flexible Coatings, Thin Films, and Conductive Fillers: Different Deposition Methods and Applications. Coatings 2018, 8, 278. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Runde, S.; Ahrens, H.; Wulff, H.; Helm, C.A. Stable Metal/Metal Hydroxide Multilayers with Controlled Nanoscale Thickness Prepared from Liquid Metal Droplets with Oxide Skin. J. Phys. Chem. C 2022, 126, 11254–11264. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Meyerovich, A.E.; Ponomarev, I.V. Quantum Size Effect in Conductivity of Multilayer Metal Films. Phys. Rev. B 2003, 67, 165411. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhang, X.-G.; Butler, W.H. Conductivity of Metallic Films and Multilayers. Phys. Rev. B 1995, 51, 10085–10103. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Macdonald, D.K.C.; Sarginson, K. Size Effect Variation of the Electrical Conductivity of Metals. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. A Math. Phys. Sci. 1950, 203, 223–240. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Li, N. Mechanical Properties and Radiation Tolerance of Metallic Multilayers. Ph.D. Thesis, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA, 2010. [Google Scholar]
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. |
© 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Ebrahimi, M.; Luo, B.; Wang, Q.; Attarilar, S. Enhanced Multifaceted Properties of Nanoscale Metallic Multilayer Composites. Materials 2024, 17, 4004. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17164004
Ebrahimi M, Luo B, Wang Q, Attarilar S. Enhanced Multifaceted Properties of Nanoscale Metallic Multilayer Composites. Materials. 2024; 17(16):4004. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17164004
Chicago/Turabian StyleEbrahimi, Mahmoud, Bangcai Luo, Qudong Wang, and Shokouh Attarilar. 2024. "Enhanced Multifaceted Properties of Nanoscale Metallic Multilayer Composites" Materials 17, no. 16: 4004. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17164004