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252 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Two Antimycin A Analogues from Marine-Derived Actinomycete Streptomyces lusitanus

by Zhuang Han, Ying Xu, Oliver McConnell, Lingli Liu, Yongxin Li, Shuhua Qi, Xiangzhong Huang and Peiyuan Qian

Mar. Drugs 2012, 10(3), 668-676; https://doi.org/10.3390/md10030668 - 22 Mar 2012

Cited by 38 | Viewed by 8346

Abstract

Two new antimycin A analogues, antimycin B1 and B2 (1–2), were isolated from a spent broth of a marine-derived bacterium, Streptomyces lusitanus. The structures of 1 and 2 were established on the basis of spectroscopic analyses and chemical methods. The isolated compounds were tested for their anti-bacterial potency. Compound 1 was found to be inactive against the bacteria Bacillus subtilis, Staphyloccocus aureus, and Loktanella hongkongensis. Compound 2 showed antibacterial activities against S. aureus and L. hongkongensis with MIC values of 32.0 and 8.0 ?g/mL, respectively. Full article

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Figure 1

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The structures of compounds 1 and 2. Full article ">Figure 2
The key 2D correlations of compounds 1 and 2. Full article ">

477 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Isolation and Structural Determination of the First 8-epi-type Tetrodotoxin Analogs from the Newt, Cynops ensicauda popei, and Comparison of Tetrodotoxin Analogs Profiles of This Newt and the Puffer Fish, Fugu poecilonotus

by Yuta Kudo, Takeshi Yasumoto, Keiichi Konoki, Yuko Cho and Mari Yotsu-Yamashita

Mar. Drugs 2012, 10(3), 655-667; https://doi.org/10.3390/md10030655 - 22 Mar 2012

Cited by 54 | Viewed by 8445

Abstract

Identification of new tetrodotoxin (TTX) analogs from TTX-possessing animals might provide insight into its biosynthesis and metabolism. In this study, four new analogs, 8-epi-5,6,11-trideoxyTTX, 4,9-anhydro-8-epi-5,6,11-trideoxyTTX, 1-hydroxy-8-epi-5,6,11-trideoxyTTX, and 1-hydroxy-4,4a-anhydro-8-epi-5,6,11-trideoxyTTX, were isolated from the newt, Cynops ensicauda popei, and their structures were determined using spectroscopic methods. These are the first 8-epi-type analogs of TTX that have been found in a natural source. Furthermore, we examined the composition of the TTX analogs in this newt and in the ovary of the puffer fish, Fugu poecilonotus, using LC/MS. The results indicate that TTX and 11-deoxyTTX were present in both sources. However, 6-epiTTX and 8-epi-type analogs were detected only in the newt, while 5,6,11-trideoxyTTX was a specific and major analog in the puffer fish. Such considerable differences among analog compositions might reflect differences in the biosynthesis or metabolism of TTX between these animals. Full article

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Figure 1
The structures of Tetrodotoxin (TTX) (1) and its analogs found in newts (2–5, 9, 10, 12) and in puffer fishes (6–8, 10, 11). Full article ">Figure 2
The structures of the new TTX analogs (2, 3) from the newt and their structurally similar analog (6) from puffer fish. The structure of 2 is shown with the difference of 1H NMR chemical shifts between 2 and 6, and key NOEs. Full article ">Figure 3
The structures of the new TTX analogs from the newt (4, 5) and a structurally similar analog (7) from puffer fish. The structure of 5 is shown with the difference of 13C NMR chemical shifts between 5 and 7, and key NOEs. Full article ">Figure 4
The profiles of TTX analogs in the whole body of Cynops ensicauda popei and the ovary of Fugu poecilonotus. Total mol of TTX analogs is counted as 100%. Full article ">

Supplementary material:
Supplementary File 1 (PDF, 535 KiB)

345 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Identification and Characterization of an Anti-Fibrotic Benzopyran Compound Isolated from Mangrove-Derived Streptomyces xiamenensis

by Min-Juan Xu, Xiao-Jin Liu, Yi-Lei Zhao, Dong Liu, Zhen-Hao Xu, Xiao-Meng Lang, Ping Ao, Wen-Han Lin, Song-Lin Yang, Zhi-Gang Zhang and Jun Xu

Mar. Drugs 2012, 10(3), 639-654; https://doi.org/10.3390/md10030639 - 15 Mar 2012

Cited by 34 | Viewed by 10443

Abstract

An anti-fibrotic compound produced by Streptomyces xiamenensis, found in mangrove sediments, was investigated for possible therapeutic effects against fibrosis. The compound, N-[[3,4-dihydro-3S-hydroxy-2S-methyl-2-(4¢R-methyl-3¢S-pentenyl)-2H-1-benzopyran-6-yl]carbonyl]-threonine (1), was isolated from crude extracts and its structure, including the absolute configuration was determined by extensive spectroscopic data analyses, Mosher’s method, Marfey’s reagent and quantum mechanical calculations. In terms of biological effects, this compound inhibits the proliferation of human lung fibroblasts (WI26), blocks adhesion of human acute monocytic leukemia cells (THP-1) to a monolayer of WI26 cells, and reduces the contractile capacity of WI26 cells in three-dimensional free-floating collagen gels. Altogether, these data indicate that we have identified a bioactive alkaloid (1) with multiple inhibitory biological effects on lung excessive fibrotic characteristics, that are likely involved in fibrosis, suggesting that this molecule might indeed have therapeutic potential against fibrosis. Full article

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Graphical abstract

Graphical abstract
Full article ">Figure 1
Structure of compound 1 isolated from Streptomyces xiamenensis. Full article ">Figure 2
Key NOE correlations of the dihydropyran moiety in compound 1. Full article ">Figure 3
Inhibitory effect of compound 1 on WI26 cells proliferation. The WI26 cells were exposed to 30 µg/mL of 1 at day 0, 2, 3, 4 and 6. Surviving fraction was determined by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. As illustrated, proliferation of WI26 cells was significantly inhibited by 1 in a time-dependent manner. Data are given as the mean of triplicate values ± SD of three independent experiments. Significant differences from the value of 0.1% DMSO solvent control were marked **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. Full article ">Figure 4
Blocking adhesion of THP-1 cells onto a monolayer of WI26 cells by compound 1. Representative pictures of the adhering cells taken with 400 fold magnification. Equal numbers of THP-1 cells with 1 (30 μg/mL) or 0.1% DMSO were added to a monolayer of WI26 cells in triplicate wells of 24-well plates, respectively. Adhering THP-1 cells after 3-h-incubation were counted in four random visual fields of each well. (A) The attachment of THP-1 cells (marked by arrows) onto confluent WI26 cells, treated with 0.1% DMSO; (B) The attachment of THP-1 cells onto confluent WI26 cells, treated with 1 (30 μg/mL). It is clear from these images that adhesion of THP-1 cells was significantly blocked by 1. Bar = 25 μm. Each point represents the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. Significant difference from the value of 0.1% DMSO solvent control was marked, *p < 0.05. Full article ">Figure 5
Compound 1 inhibited contractile ability of WI26 cells in 3D collagen lattices. Equal numbers of WI26 cells were seeded in triplicate gels of collagen I with compound 1 (30 μg/mL) or 0.1% DMSO. The contraction of collagen gel was monitored by photographing the gels at appointed time intervals. (A) As illustrated, contraction of collagen gel was attenuated by compound 1 compared to 0.1% DMSO at different time points. The edge of gel was marked with dots. (B) The area of the gel was measured and plotted as a percentage of the original area at the onset of the experiments. Each point represents the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. Significant differences from the value of 0.1% DMSO solvent control were marked, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01. Full article ">

Supplementary material:
Supplementary File 1 (PDF, 1401 KiB)

738 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Chondrosterins A–E, Triquinane-Type Sesquiterpenoids from Soft Coral-Associated Fungus Chondrostereum sp.

by Hou-Jin Li, Ying-Lu Xie, Zhong-Liang Xie, Ying Chen, Chi-Keung Lam and Wen-Jian Lan

Mar. Drugs 2012, 10(3), 627-638; https://doi.org/10.3390/md10030627 - 13 Mar 2012

Cited by 57 | Viewed by 8502

Abstract

The marine fungus Chondrostereum sp. was collected from a soft coral Sarcophyton tortuosum from the South China Sea. This fungus was cultured in potato dextrose broth medium and the culture broth was extracted with EtOAc. Five new triquinane-type sesquiterpenoids, chondrosterins A–E (1–5), and the known sesquiterpenoid hirsutanol C (6), were isolated. The structures were elucidated mainly on the basis of NMR, MS, and X-ray single-crystal diffraction data. Chondrosterin A (1) showed significant cytotoxic activities against cancer lines A549, CNE2, and LoVo with IC₅₀ values of 2.45, 4.95, and 5.47 ?M, respectively. Full article

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Chemical structures of compounds 1–6. Full article ">Figure 2
(a) 1H–1H COSY (bold line), main HMBC (arrow); and (b) selected key ROESY correlations of 1. Full article ">Figure 3
(a) 1H–1H COSY (bold line), main HMBC (arrow); and (b) selected key ROESY correlations of 2. Full article ">Figure 4
(a) 1H–1H COSY (bold line), main HMBC (arrow); and (b) selected key NOE correlations of 3. Full article ">Figure 5
1H–1H COSY (bold line) and main HMBC (arrow)correlations of 4. Full article ">Figure 6
Molecular structure of 4 in the crystal. Thermal ellipsoids are plotted at 30% probability level. Full article ">Figure 7
(a) 1H–1H COSY (bold line), main HMBC (arrow); and (b) selected key ROESY correlations of 5. Full article ">Figure 8
Molecular structure of 6. Thermal ellipsoids are plotted at 30% probability level. Full article ">

457 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sarcocrassocolides M–O, Bioactive Cembranoids from the Dongsha Atoll Soft Coral Sarcophyton crassocaule

by Wan-Yu Lin, Yi Lu, Bo-Wei Chen, Chiung-Yao Huang, Jui-Hsin Su, Zhi-Hong Wen, Chang-Feng Dai, Yao-Haur Kuo and Jyh-Horng Sheu

Mar. Drugs 2012, 10(3), 617-626; https://doi.org/10.3390/md10030617 - 8 Mar 2012

Cited by 24 | Viewed by 7578

Abstract

Three new cembranoids, sarcocrassocolides M–O (1–3), have been isolated from the soft coral Sarcophyton crassocaule. The structures of the metabolites were determined by extensive spectroscopic analysis. Compounds 1–3 were shown to exhibit moderate cytotoxicity toward a limited panel of cancer cell lines and display significant in vitro anti-inflammatory activity in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells by inhibiting the expression of the iNOS protein. Full article

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Figure 1
Structures of metabolites 1–3. Full article ">Figure 2
1H–1H COSY and HMBC correlations for 1 and 3. Full article ">Figure 3
Key NOESY correlations for 1 and 2. Full article ">Figure 4
Key NOESY correlations for 3. Full article ">Figure 5
Structures of compounds 4–6. Full article ">Figure 6
Effect of compounds 1–3 on inducible nitric oxide synthetase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) proteins expression of RAW264.7 macrophage cells by immunoblot analysis.(A) Immunoblots of iNOS and β-actin; (B) Immunoblots of COX-2 and β-actin. The values are mean ± SEM (n = 6). Relative intensity of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) alone stimulated group was taken as 100%. * Significantly different from LPS alone stimulated group (*P < 0.05). a stimulated with LPS; b stimulated with LPS in the presence of 1–3 (10 μM). Full article ">

183 KiB

Open AccessReview

Fucoxantin: A Treasure from the Sea

by Nicolantonio D’Orazio, Eugenio Gemello, Maria Alessandra Gammone, Massimo De Girolamo, Cristiana Ficoneri and Graziano Riccioni

Mar. Drugs 2012, 10(3), 604-616; https://doi.org/10.3390/md10030604 - 7 Mar 2012

Cited by 261 | Viewed by 17328

Abstract

The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 2.3 billion people will be overweight and 700 million obese in 2015. The reasons for this disastrous trend are attributed to the global tendency toward the reduced magnitude of exercise and physical activity and the increased dietary intake of fats, sugars and calories with reduced amount of vitamins and minerals. To prevent life-style-related diseases, like Metabolic Syndrome (MS), researchers’ attention is increasingly focusing on some of the so called “functional foods” which may be useful for their prevention and treatment. One of these functional ingredients is fucoxanthin (FX), a characteristic carotenoid present in edible brown seaweeds, such as Undaria pinnatifida (Wakame), Hijikia fusiformis (Hijiki), Laminaria japonica (Ma-Kombu) and Sargassum fulvellum. The increasing popularity of this molecule is certainly due to its anti-obesity effect, primarily detected by murine studies. These works revealed FX mediated induction of uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1) in abdominal white adipose tissue (WAT) mitochondria, leading to the oxidation of fatty acids and heat production in WAT. Beyond this important role, in recent studies FX has shown a great antioxidant activity, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic and anti-photoaging properties. The aim of this review is to highlight the main effects of FX on human health. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Carotenoids and Oxidative Stress)

Supplementary material:
Supplementary File 1 (PDF, 31 KiB)

184 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Fatty Acid Glycoside from a Marine-Derived Fungus Isolated from Mangrove Plant Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea

by Yan-Bo Zeng, Hui Wang, Wen-Jian Zuo, Bo Zheng, Tao Yang, Hao-Fu Dai and Wen-Li Mei

Mar. Drugs 2012, 10(3), 598-603; https://doi.org/10.3390/md10030598 - 6 Mar 2012

Cited by 36 | Viewed by 8087

Abstract

To study the antimicrobial components from the endophytic fungus A1 of mangrove plant Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea Gaertn. F., a new fatty acid glucoside was isolated by column chromatography from the broth of A1, and its structure was identified as R-3-hydroxyundecanoic acid methylester-3-O-?-l-rhamnopyranoside (1) by spectroscopic methods including 1D and 2D NMR (HMQC, ¹H-¹H COSY and HMBC) and chemical methods. Antimicrobial assay showed compound 1 possessed modest inhibitory effect on Saphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) using the filter paper disc agar diffusion method. Full article

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The structure of compound 1. Full article ">Figure 2
Key 1H-1H COSY (bold lines) and HMBC (arrows) correlations of compound 1. Full article ">

Supplementary material:
Supplementary File 1 (PDF, 44 KiB)

220 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Cellular and Transcriptional Responses of Crassostrea gigas Hemocytes Exposed in Vitro to Brevetoxin (PbTx-2)

by Danielle F. Mello, Eliza S. De Oliveira, Renato C. Vieira, Erik Simoes, Rafael Trevisan, Alcir Luiz Dafre and Margherita Anna Barracco

Mar. Drugs 2012, 10(3), 583-597; https://doi.org/10.3390/md10030583 - 5 Mar 2012

Cited by 57 | Viewed by 9254

Abstract

Hemocytes mediate a series of immune reactions essential for bivalve survival in the environment, however, the impact of harmful algal species and their associated phycotoxins upon bivalve immune system is under debate. To better understand the possible toxic effects of these toxins, Crassostrea gigas hemocytes were exposed to brevetoxin (PbTx-2). Hemocyte viability, monitored through the neutral red retention and MTT reduction assays, and apoptosis (Hoechst staining) remained unchanged during 12 h of exposure to PbTx-2 in concentrations up to 1000 µg/L. Despite cell viability and apoptosis remained stable, hemocytes incubated for 4 h with 1000 µg/L of PbTx-2 revealed higher expression levels of Hsp70 (p < 0.01) and CYP356A1 ( p < 0.05) transcripts and a tendency to increase FABP expression, as evaluated by Real-Time quantitative PCR. The expression of other studied genes (BPI, IL-17, GSTO, EcSOD, Prx6, SOD and GPx) remained unchanged. The results suggest that the absence of cytotoxic effects of PbTx-2 in Crassostrea gigas hemocytes, even at high concentrations, allow early defense responses to be produced by activating protective mechanisms associated to detoxification (CYP356A1 and possibly FABP) and stress (Hsp70), but not to immune or to antioxidant (BPI, IL-17, EcSOD, Prx6, GPx and SOD) related genes. Full article

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Figure 1
Viability of Crassostrea gigas hemocytes evaluated through the neutral red (NR) retention (A) and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction (B) assays after exposure to different brevetoxin (PbTx-2) concentrations. Bars represent mean + standard deviation. The sample size was 3–4, performed in independent experiments. The range of individuals used varied from 5 to 30 oysters per pool, depending on the number of treatment groups analyzed in each experiment. No significant differences were obtained in the analysis of variance. Full article ">Figure 2
Relative expression of the 10 gene transcripts (normalized to GAPDH) in Crassostrea gigas hemocytes exposed for 4 h to 300 or 1000 µg/L of PbTx-2. The dashed line represents the mean value of the control groups (vehicle) for each gene. Bars represent mean + standard deviation. The sample size was comprised of 4 pools of 5–9 animals. * (p < 0.05) and ** (p < 0.01) represent significant differences between each gene compared to the corresponding control group. Full article ">

Supplementary material:
Supplementary File 1 (ZIP, 1158 KiB)

1162 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Activation of the Dormant Secondary Metabolite Production by Introducing Gentamicin-Resistance in a Marine-Derived Penicillium purpurogenum G59

by Yun-Jing Chai, Cheng-Bin Cui, Chang-Wei Li, Chang-Jing Wu, Cong-Kui Tian and Wei Hua

Mar. Drugs 2012, 10(3), 559-582; https://doi.org/10.3390/md10030559 - 2 Mar 2012

Cited by 73 | Viewed by 10886

Abstract

A new approach to activate silent gene clusters for dormant secondary metabolite production has been developed by introducing gentamicin-resistance to an originally inactive, marine-derived fungal strain Penicillium purpurogenum G59. Upon treatment of the G59 spores with a high concentration of gentamicin in aqueous DMSO, a total of 181 mutants were obtained by single colony isolation. In contrast to the strain G59, the EtOAc extracts of nine mutant cultures showed inhibitory effects on K562 cells, indicating that the nine mutants had acquired capability to produce antitumor metabolites. This was evidenced by TLC and HPLC analysis of EtOAc extracts of G59 and the nine mutants. Further isolation and characterization demonstrated that four antitumor secondary metabolites, janthinone (1), fructigenine A (2), aspterric acid methyl ester (3) and citrinin (4), were newly produced by mutant 5-1-4 compared to the parent strain G59, and which were also not found in the secondary metabolites of other Penicillium purpurogenum strains. However, Compounds 1–4 inhibited the proliferation of K562 cells with inhibition rates of 34.6% (1), 60.8% (2), 31.7% (3) and 67.1% (4) at 100 ?g/mL, respectively. The present study demonstrated the effectiveness of a simple, yet practical approach to activate the production of dormant fungal secondary metabolites by introducing acquired resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics, which could be applied to the studies for eliciting dormant metabolic potential of fungi to obtain cryptic secondary metabolites. Full article

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Figure 1
The growth of Penicillium purpurogenum G59 on PDA plates by incubation at 28 °C for 3 days after pretreatment of the G59 spores at 4 °C for 3 days. Left four columns show controls and right two columns show test groups. Descriptions under the photographs indicate the spore pretreatment conditions. Gen is the abbreviation of gentamicin. Full article ">Figure 2
The growth of Penicillium purpurogenum G59 and its mutant 5-1-4 on PDA plates by incubation at 28 °C for different times (day) after treatment of their spores with gentamicin. The G59 and 5-1-4 spore suspensions with 5 mg/mL gentamicin in 50% DMSO at the same spore density were stored at the same 4 °C condition for 1 day to treat the spores with gentamicin. Then, each 100 μL of the treated spore suspensions was spread on PDA plates, incubated at 28 °C, and photographed at the given incubation times (day). Full article ">Figure 3
Phenotypes of the parent strain G59 and its mutants growing on PDA plates by incubation at 28 °C for 3 days. Full article ">Figure 4
Morphological observations of the K562 cells treated with 100 μg/mL samples at 37 °C for 24 h (×200). Full article ">Figure 5
HPLC metabolite profile comparison in G59 and selected mutant strains. The EtOAc extracts used in the HPLC analysis were from the third fermentation at the same time and same conditions, which were used also for the third test of MTT assay. Full article ">Figure 6
Chemical structures of 1–4 from the G59 mutant 5-1-4. Full article ">Figure 7
Chemical structures of 5–7 from the G59 mutant 2-5-3-1 [<a href="#B70-marinedrugs-10-00559" class="html-bibr">70</a>]. Full article ">

Supplementary material:
Supplementary File 1 (ZIP, 602 KiB)

200 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Kiamycin, a Unique Cytotoxic Angucyclinone Derivative from a Marine Streptomyces sp.

by Zeping Xie, Bing Liu, Hongpeng Wang, Shengxiang Yang, Hongyu Zhang, Yipeng Wang, Naiyun Ji, Song Qin and Hartmut Laatsch

Mar. Drugs 2012, 10(3), 551-558; https://doi.org/10.3390/md10030551 - 27 Feb 2012

Cited by 30 | Viewed by 7943

Abstract

Kiamycin (1), a new angucyclinone derivative possessing an 1,12-epoxybenz[a]anthracene ring system, was isolated from the marine Streptomyces sp. strain M268 along with the known compounds 8-O-methyltetrangomycin (3) and 8-O-methylrabelomycin (4). Their structures were elucidated by detailed spectroscopic analysis and comparison with literature data. The new angucyclinone derivative showed inhibitory activities against the human cell lines HL-60 (leukemia), A549 (lung adenocarcinoma), and BEL-7402 (hepatoma) with inhibition rates of 68.2%, 55.9%, and 31.7%, respectively, at 100 µM. It appears to have potential as an anticancer agent with selective activity. Full article

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Figure 1
Structures of kiamycin (1); gephyromycin (2); 8-O-methyltetrangomycin (3); and 8-O-methylrabelomycin (4). Full article ">Figure 2
HMBC and COSY correlations (left) and NOESY correlations (right) of kiamycin (1). Full article ">Figure 3
Partial structure 5 of kiamycin (1) with four open valences; C* = oxygenated carbon; 6 = X-14881F. Full article ">Figure 4
Hypothetical biotransformation of panglimycin B (7) into kiamycin (1). Full article ">

Supplementary material:
Supplementary File 1 (PDF, 4722 KiB)

447 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Scopararanes C–G: New Oxygenated Pimarane Diterpenes from the Marine Sediment-Derived Fungus Eutypella scoparia FS26

by Li Sun, Dongli Li, Meihua Tao, Yuchan Chen, Feijun Dan and Weimin Zhang

Mar. Drugs 2012, 10(3), 539-550; https://doi.org/10.3390/md10030539 - 27 Feb 2012

Cited by 51 | Viewed by 9187

Abstract

Five new oxygenated pimarane diterpenes, named scopararanes C–G (1–5) were isolated from the culture of a marine sediment-derived fungus Eutypella scoparia FS26 obtained from the South China Sea. The structures of these compounds were established on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis. The absolute configurations of compounds 1–5, were determined by CD spectroscopic analysis and comparison with literature data. All isolated compounds (1–5) were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against MCF-7, NCI-H460, and SF-268 tumor cell lines by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) method. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Terpenoids of Marine Origin)

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Figure 1
Chemical structures of compounds 1–11. Full article ">Figure 2
Key HMBC (arrows) and COSY (bold lines) correlations of compound 1. Full article ">Figure 3
Key NOESY correlations of compounds 1 and 4, whose conformation was modeled by using the MM2 minimum energy calculation [<a href="#B15-marinedrugs-10-00539" class="html-bibr">15</a>]. Full article ">

973 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Antiviral Activities and Putative Identification of Compounds in Microbial Extracts from the Hawaiian Coastal Waters

by Jing Tong, Hank Trapido-Rosenthal, Jun Wang, Youwei Wang, Qing X. Li and Yuanan Lu

Mar. Drugs 2012, 10(3), 521-538; https://doi.org/10.3390/md10030521 - 24 Feb 2012

Cited by 15 | Viewed by 9487

Abstract

Marine environments are a rich source of significant bioactive compounds. The Hawaiian archipelago, located in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, hosts diverse microorganisms, including many endemic species. Thirty-eight microbial extracts from Hawaiian coastal waters were evaluated for their antiviral activity against four mammalian viruses including herpes simplex virus type one (HSV-1), vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), vaccinia virus and poliovirus type one (poliovirus-1) using in vitro cell culture assay. Nine of the 38 microbial crude extracts showed antiviral potencies and three of these nine microbial extracts exhibited significant activity against the enveloped viruses. A secosteroid, 5?(H),17?(H),(20R)-beta-acetoxyergost-8(14)-ene was putatively identified and confirmed to be the active compound in these marine microbial extracts. These results warrant future in-depth tests on the isolation of these active elements in order to explore and validate their antiviral potential as important therapeutic remedies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Anti-infective Agents)

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