108 m Underwater Wireless Optical Communication Using a 490 nm Blue VECSEL and an AOM
<p>(<b>a</b>) Schematic and (<b>b</b>) photograph of the 490 nm Vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting laser (VECSEL); The LBO in the figure is the LiB<sub>3</sub>O<sub>5</sub>.</p> "> Figure 2
<p>Spectra of the frequency-doubled (<b>left</b>) and fundamental (<b>right</b>) VECSEL.</p> "> Figure 3
<p>The measured M<sup>2</sup> factor of the VECSEL.</p> "> Figure 4
<p>(<b>a</b>) Schematic of the 108 m distance UWOC system based on blue VECSEL. AOM in the picture means acousto-optic modulator; AWG in the picture means arbitrary waveform generator; PPM in the picture means pulse position modulation. (<b>b</b>) Transmitter of the UWOC system. (<b>c</b>) Underwater reflector. (<b>d</b>) Receiving equipment is avalanche photodiode (APD). (<b>e</b>) Underwater communication link and mixed-signal oscilloscope (MSO).</p> "> Figure 5
<p>(<b>a</b>) Schematic of acousto-optic Bragg modulation. RF in the picture means radio frequency. (<b>b</b>) Normalized signal modulation depth corresponding to pulse width.</p> "> Figure 6
<p>Eye diagrams of signals with frequencies of 10 MHz (<b>a</b>), 20 MHz (<b>b</b>), 50 MHz (<b>c</b>), and 100 MHz (<b>d</b>).</p> "> Figure 7
<p>Power requirements versus bandwidth requirements with on-off keying (OOK) and pulse position modulation (PPM).</p> "> Figure 8
<p>(<b>a</b>) Unfiltered 64 PPM signal. (<b>b</b>) Filtered and sampled 64 PPM signal.</p> "> Figure 9
<p>Relationship between bit error rate (BER) and received optical power for different orders of PPM at 10 MHz (<b>a</b>), 20 MHz (<b>b</b>), 50 MHz (<b>c</b>), and 100 MHz (<b>d</b>) time slot frequencies; FEC means forward error correction.</p> "> Figure 10
<p>Attenuation coefficient of the used 490 nm blue laser.</p> "> Figure 11
<p>Laser beam size at 24 m (<b>a</b>), 48 m (<b>b</b>) and 108 m (<b>c</b>). Signal eye diagram at 24 m (<b>d</b>), 48 m (<b>e</b>) and 108 m (<b>f</b>).</p> ">
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Design of the 490 nm Blue VECSEL
3. Experimental Details
4. Results and Discussion
4.1. Acousto-Optic Modulator Bandwidth Assessment
4.2. Comparison of Modulation
4.3. Measured Performance of UWOC System
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Tian, R.; Wang, T.; Shen, X.; Zhu, R.; Jiang, L.; Lu, Y.; Lu, H.; Song, Y.; Zhang, P. 108 m Underwater Wireless Optical Communication Using a 490 nm Blue VECSEL and an AOM. Sensors 2024, 24, 2609. https://doi.org/10.3390/s24082609
Tian R, Wang T, Shen X, Zhu R, Jiang L, Lu Y, Lu H, Song Y, Zhang P. 108 m Underwater Wireless Optical Communication Using a 490 nm Blue VECSEL and an AOM. Sensors. 2024; 24(8):2609. https://doi.org/10.3390/s24082609
Chicago/Turabian StyleTian, Ruiyang, Tao Wang, Xiaoyu Shen, Renjiang Zhu, Lidan Jiang, Yongle Lu, Huanyu Lu, Yanrong Song, and Peng Zhang. 2024. "108 m Underwater Wireless Optical Communication Using a 490 nm Blue VECSEL and an AOM" Sensors 24, no. 8: 2609. https://doi.org/10.3390/s24082609