Software Defined Doppler Radar as a Contactless Multipurpose Microwave Sensor for Vibrations Monitoring
<p>Continuous Wave (CW) Doppler radar architecture.</p> "> Figure 2
<p>CW Doppler radar for vibration detection.</p> "> Figure 3
<p>Block diagram of SDR platform. RX, Receiver; TX, Transmitter; VCO, Voltage-controlled oscillator; DAC, Digital-to-analog converter; DUC, Digital up converter; ADC, Analog-to-digital converter; DDC, Digital down converter.</p> "> Figure 4
<p>First simulation—Detected displacement spectra.</p> "> Figure 5
<p>Second simulation—Detected displacement spectra.</p> "> Figure 6
<p>Third simulation—Detected displacement spectra.</p> "> Figure 7
<p>SDR NI USRP 2920 transceiver: (<b>a</b>) I/Q NI USRP 2920 Modulator; (<b>b</b>) I/Q NI USRP 2920 demodulator. LPF, Low-pass filter.</p> "> Figure 8
<p>Processing algorithm performed on LabView software (v14.0, National Instruments, Austin, TX, USA).</p> "> Figure 9
<p>Experimental setup: (<b>a</b>) vibrating membrane in the presence of Tx and Rx antennas; (<b>b</b>) full SDRadar Doppler configuration.</p> "> Figure 10
<p>Experimental setup diagram.</p> "> Figure 11
<p>Captured scene in the presence of an oscillating target: (<b>a</b>) time domain; (<b>b</b>) frequency domain.</p> "> Figure 12
<p>Parameters and results of the first experimental validation tests (first set).</p> "> Figure 13
<p>Parameters and results of the first experimental validation test (second test).</p> "> Figure 14
<p>Setup of the second experimental test: (<b>a</b>) stepper micro motor connected to Arduino UNO (Arduino LLC, Ivrea, Italy); (<b>b</b>) stepper micro motor with a target in the presence of Tx and Rx antennas.</p> "> Figure 15
<p>Setup of the second experimental test: (<b>a</b>) stepper micro motor with target in the presence of Tx and Rx antennas; (<b>b</b>) full SDRadar Doppler configuration on the second scenario.</p> "> Figure 16
<p>Setup diagram of the second experimental test.</p> "> Figure 17
<p>Screenshot of LabView software relative to the test case with oscillation frequency equal to 1 Hz.</p> "> Figure 18
<p>Parameters and results of the experimental validation tests on the second scenario.</p> "> Figure 19
<p>Monitoring of the target oscillation frequency within a time window of 35 s.</p> ">
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Continuous Wave Doppler Radar System: Detection Principle
- B, which is the bandwidth of the receiving antenna;
- fT, giving the cutoff frequency of the low-pass filter, and constrained to the processing capacity of the system by the relationship:
- fS, giving the sampling frequency of the A/D circuit, and chosen to satisfy the Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem:
- N, which is the number of samples collected and transmitted to the FFT processing.
3. Continuous Wave Doppler Radar for Vibration Detection
4. Numerical Simulations
5. Experimental Results
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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f0 | B | fmax |
---|---|---|
1 GHz | 2 MHz | 1 MHz |
A | d0 | T0 | Δf | fosc | fosc (Identified) | Relative Error (fosc) | Spectrum Amplitude | Relative Error (Amp) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 mm | 10 cm | 10−2 s | 100 Hz | 100 Hz | 100 Hz | 0 | 0.998 mm | 0.2% |
1 mm | 10 cm | 10−2 s | 100 Hz | 1 kHz | 1 kHz | 0 | 0.998 mm | 0.2% |
1 mm | 10 cm | 10−2 s | 100 Hz | 10 kHz | 10 kHz | 0 | 0.998 mm | 0.2% |
A | d0 | T0 | Δf | fosc | fosc (Identified) | Relative Error (fosc) | Spectrum Amplitude | Relative Error (Amp) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.1 mm | 1 m | 10−2 s | 100 Hz | 1 kHz | 1 kHz | 0 | 0.0998 | 0.2% |
1 mm | 1 m | 10−2 s | 100 Hz | 1 kHz | 1 kHz | 0 | 0.998 | 0.2% |
10 mm | 1 m | 10−2 s | 100 Hz | 1 kHz | 1 kHz | 0 | 9.764 | 2.36% |
A | d0 | T0 | Δf | fosc | Relative Error (fosc) | fosc (Identified) | Spectrum Amplitude | Relative Error (Amp) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 mm | 10 cm | 10−3 s | 1 kHz | 5.1 kHz | 1.96% | 5 kHz | 0.977 | 2.3% |
1 mm | 10 cm | 10−2 s | 100 Hz | 5.1 kHz | 0 | 5.1 kHz | 0.998 | 0.2% |
B | fmax | T0 | Δf | fosc | fosc (Identified) | Measured Amplitude Variation |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3 kHz | 1.5 kHz | 1 s | 1 Hz | 20 Hz | 20 Hz | 0.122 mm |
3 kHz | 1.5 kHz | 1 s | 1 Hz | 100 Hz | 100 Hz | 0.143 mm |
3 kHz | 1.5 kHz | 1 s | 1 Hz | 200 Hz | 200 Hz | 0.246 mm |
3 kHz | 1.5 kHz | 1 s | 1 Hz | 300 Hz | 300 Hz | 0.107 mm |
B | fmax | T0 | Δf | fosc | fosc (Identified) | Measured Amplitude Variation |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
300 Hz | 150 Hz | 2 s | 1/2 Hz | 50 Hz | 49.92 Hz | 0.192 mm |
300 Hz | 150 Hz | 2 s | 1/2 Hz | 50.5 Hz | 50.42 Hz | 0.197 mm |
300 Hz | 150 Hz | 3 s | 1/3 Hz | 50.3 Hz | 50.28 Hz | 0.197 mm |
B | fmax | T0 | Δf | fosc | fosc (Identified) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
3 kHz | 1.5 kHz | 100 s | 0.01 Hz | 0.3 Hz | 0.3 Hz |
3 kHz | 1.5 kHz | 100 s | 0.01 Hz | 1 Hz | 1 Hz |
3 kHz | 1.5 kHz | 100 s | 0.01 Hz | 5 Hz | 5 Hz |
T0 (s) | Radar Elaboration Time (s) | Response Time (s) |
---|---|---|
10−3 | 2.040 | 2.041 |
10−2 | 2.120 | 2.130 |
6 × 10−1 | 2.083 | 2.683 |
1 | 2.124 | 3.124 |
2 | 2.223 | 4.223 |
3 | 3.320 | 5.320 |
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Raffo, A.; Costanzo, S.; Di Massa, G. Software Defined Doppler Radar as a Contactless Multipurpose Microwave Sensor for Vibrations Monitoring. Sensors 2017, 17, 115. https://doi.org/10.3390/s17010115
Raffo A, Costanzo S, Di Massa G. Software Defined Doppler Radar as a Contactless Multipurpose Microwave Sensor for Vibrations Monitoring. Sensors. 2017; 17(1):115. https://doi.org/10.3390/s17010115
Chicago/Turabian StyleRaffo, Antonio, Sandra Costanzo, and Giuseppe Di Massa. 2017. "Software Defined Doppler Radar as a Contactless Multipurpose Microwave Sensor for Vibrations Monitoring" Sensors 17, no. 1: 115. https://doi.org/10.3390/s17010115