A Portable Farmland Information Collection System with Multiple Sensors
<p>Scheme of the farmland information collection system.</p> "> Figure 2
<p>Block diagram of the farmland information collection device.</p> "> Figure 3
<p>Operation flowchart of the farmland information collection device.</p> "> Figure 4
<p>Program flowchart of Chlorophyll measurement module.</p> "> Figure 5
<p>Parsing flowchart of obtaining real-time location information, $ is the beginning character of all the messages, RMC provides the minimum recommended data message, and GSV describes the visible satellite messages.</p> "> Figure 6
<p>Block diagram of the power supply system.</p> "> Figure 7
<p>The experiment instrument of the farmland information collection device.</p> "> Figure 8
<p>Farmland experiment.</p> "> Figure 9
<p>Sample of farmland information—on 3 May 2016, at 15:13—including with the geographic coordinates by Lon (longitude, degree) and Lat (latitude, degree), Chlorophyll (chlorophyll relative content, SPAD), Environment information by the Temp (air temperature, °C), RH (air humidity, %), Light (light intensity, Lx), and CO<sub>2</sub> (CO<sub>2</sub> concentration, ppm) and Soil information by the Temp (soil temperature, °C), RH (soil humidity, %), and Elec con (soil electrical conductivity, µs/cm).</p> "> Figure 10
<p>Interface of mobile phone APP in Chinese.</p> "> Figure 11
<p>Fifty air temperature (°C) experimental results by MGT2.0 (marked by <b>blue</b> line) and AR837 (marked by <b>red</b> line).</p> "> Figure 12
<p>FIfty air humidity (%RH) experimental results by MGT2.0 (marked by <b>blue</b> line) and AR837 (marked by <b>red</b> line).</p> "> Figure 13
<p>Fifty light intensity (Lx) experimental results by MGT2.0 (marked by <b>blue</b> line) and DT-1308 (marked by <b>red</b> line).</p> "> Figure 14
<p>Fifty chlorophyll relative content (SPAD) experimental results by MGT2.0 (marked by <b>blue</b> line) and SPAD-502 (marked by <b>red</b> line).</p> ">
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Design of the Portable Farmland Information Collection System
2.1. Overview of the Portable Farmland Information Collection System
2.2. Farmland Information Collection Device Based on STM32
2.3. Software Structure of the Collection Device
2.4. Rapid and Non-Destructive Detection Technology of Chlorophyll Content of Crop Leaves
2.5. Farmland Environment Information Collection
2.6. Soil Information Collection
2.7. Field Positioning Technology
2.8. Wireless Data Transmission Technology
2.9. Power Supply Circuit
2.10. The Design of System Stability
- (1)
- Power supply adopts a self-recovery fuse with a capacity of 2 A for the overcurrent, overheating protection. The traditional fuse needs to be replaced after the trigger once, but the self-recovery fuse can automatically recovery after a troubleshooting.
- (2)
- The circuit is connected in series with a SS34 reverse polarity protection diode. When the connection of the power’s positive and negative electrode is wrong, it can disconnect the circuit to protect the system circuit, only after a proper connection can the circuit normally run.
- (3)
- The power supply and the main components are designed with two decoupling capacitances with a capacity of 0.1 µF and 100 µF for improving the power supply ripple and improving the stability of the power supply. Among them, the 0.1 µF capacitor is used to filter high frequency signal interference. The 100 µF capacitor plays the role of buffer and stability, which can reduce the impact on the rear circuit, so that the voltage does not have too much volatility and can ensure the stability of the circuit.
- (4)
- Power supply uses SMBJ5.0A transient suppression diode to suppress the power of instantaneous pulse, such as electrostatic discharge effect, surge and power supply noise, etc.
- (5)
- On the RUIM card, we use SMF05C to do electrostatic protection, which is used to improve the ability to anti-interference to protect the RUIM card. In addition, five TVS diodes are integrated to the SMF05C, which effectively remove the interference.
- (6)
- On the RXD, TXD of SIM2000C, we do the processing of compatibility. Because the STM32 operating voltage is 3.3 V, and the voltage of SIM2000C is 2.85 V, after compatibility processing, the module can be compatible with 3.3 V/5 V system.
- (7)
- Power input terminal of each module is designed with a resistor of 0 ohm. After the circuit is fine, switch on the circuit, which can avoid the circumstance that the system fault is too complex to exclude.
- (8)
- When drawing PCB, according to the package of the components, we take reasonable layout and wiring, and fully take into account the system’s anti-disturbance and stability.
3. System Evaluation
3.1. Test Platform
3.2. Basic Experiments
3.2.1. Test of Farmland Information Collection Device
3.2.2. Test of Wireless Data Transmission
3.2.3. Test of Mobile Phone App
3.3. System Evaluation
4. Conclusions
- (1)
- The farmland information collection device can measure multi-parameter information (chlorophyll relative content of crop leaves, location information, environmental temperature, environmental humidity, light intensity, and so on.) in a small agricultural environment, which provides the basic data for the automation management of agricultural production. STM32F103VET6 and μC/OS II V2.86 guarantee the system’s real-time ability. It could be carried by the farmer/technician on scheduled sampling trips for collecting the field information of corn or wheat crops in a small agricultural environment.
- (2)
- UM220-III is used to realize the positioning based on BDS/GPS dual-mode system, which can obtain the real-time position information quickly and accurately, and it should be corresponding to the farmland information, so that agricultural technicians can understand the growth status of crops and environment information in different geographic locations in real time.
- (3)
- CDMA wireless communication is used to realize the real-time remote transmission, which is convenient to remotely view and manage the collected data, and it solves the issues of time lag and inconvenience of data storage.
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameters | Unit | Range | Accuracy (Average Relative Error) |
---|---|---|---|
Chlorophyll relative content | SPAD | −9.9–199.9 | ±5.5% (At the temperature of 25 °C) |
Air temperature | °C | −30–50 | ±3.0% |
Air humidity | % RH | 0–99 | ±5.5% (At the temperature of 25 °C) |
Light intensity | Lx | 50–40,000 | ±3.5% |
Soil temperature | °C | −30–50 | ±2.5% |
Soil humidity | % RH | 0–99 | ±5.5% (At the temperature of 25 °C) |
Parameters | Water Content | Temperature | Electronic Conductivity |
---|---|---|---|
Range | 0%–100% | −40–85 °C | 0–10,000 µs/cm (25 °C) |
Unit | % | °C | µs/cm |
Accuracy | ±3% (0%–53%) ±5% (>53%) | <0.3 °C | 2% FS |
Interchangeable accuracy | <3% | <0.4 °C | <2% FS |
Error of repetition | <2% | <0.2 °C | <2% FS |
Electrical response time | 1 s | 1 s | 1 s |
Stabilization time | <2 s | <2 s | <2 s |
Principle | FDR, Temperature and electrical conductivity correction | Heat sensitive element, nonlinear correction | Electrical conductivity measurement, temperature compensation |
Parameters | Values |
---|---|
Frequency | Beidou B1; GPS L1 |
First positioning time | Cold boot: 30 s; Hot boot: 1 s |
Data update rate | 1 Hz |
Positioning accuracy (RMS) | Dual system: 2.5 m CEP; SBAS: 2.0 m CEP |
Speed accuracy (RMS) | GPS/GNSS: 0.1 m/s; Beidou: 0.2 m/s |
1 PPS | Support |
Parameters | Values |
---|---|
Power supply | 3.4–4.4 V |
Power saving | In sleep mode, the current consumption is as low as 2 mA |
Band | Single-band: 800 MHz (BC0) |
Data transmission | CDMA 1× |
Downlink: Max 153.6 kbps | |
Upload: Max 153.6 kbps | |
Temperature range | Normal operating temperature: −40–85 °C |
Storage temperature: –45–90 °C | |
Short message | Point to point MO and MT, text and PDU modes; support for ASCII and UNICODE; SMS storage: RUIM cards or modules |
CDMA protocol | Protocol IS95-A/B:MSandBTS; IS-96A: coding of speech signals; IS-98A: base mobile station; IS-126: phonological loop; IS-637: short message service; IS-707: data services; IS-657: packet data |
RUIM card interface | Supported RUIM card: 1.8 V, 3 V |
Serial port | Supports standard full-featured serial port; fixed transmission rate is 115,200 bps, send commands and data through the serial port; support RTS/CTS hardware flow control, open or close through the software; programmable parameters |
© 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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Zhang, J.; Hu, J.; Huang, L.; Zhang, Z.; Ma, Y. A Portable Farmland Information Collection System with Multiple Sensors. Sensors 2016, 16, 1762. https://doi.org/10.3390/s16101762
Zhang J, Hu J, Huang L, Zhang Z, Ma Y. A Portable Farmland Information Collection System with Multiple Sensors. Sensors. 2016; 16(10):1762. https://doi.org/10.3390/s16101762
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Jianfeng, Jinyang Hu, Lvwen Huang, Zhiyong Zhang, and Yimian Ma. 2016. "A Portable Farmland Information Collection System with Multiple Sensors" Sensors 16, no. 10: 1762. https://doi.org/10.3390/s16101762