Ascochyta erotica sp. nov. Pathogenic on Convolvulus arvensis
<p>Phylogenetic tree of <span class="html-italic">Ascochyta</span> species inferred from a maximum likelihood analysis based on a concatenated alignment of ITS, 28S, <span class="html-italic">rpb2</span>, and <span class="html-italic">tub2</span>. The maximum likelihood bootstrap support values (MLBS ≥ 70%), maximum parsimony bootstrap support values (MPBS ≥ 70%), and Bayesian posterior probabilities (BPP ≥ 0.70) are given at the nodes (MLBS/MPBS/BPP). Tree is rooted by <span class="html-italic">Phomatodes nebulosa</span> (CBS 117.93). The studied isolates are in blue, and the ex−type and representative strains are in bold.</p> "> Figure 2
<p><span class="html-italic">Ascochyta erotica</span> sp. nov. (ex-holotype culture MF-17.20). Colonies grown at different temperatures on various media after 10 days of growth. (<b>a</b>) PDA, 20 °C; (<b>b</b>) PDA, 25 °C; (<b>c</b>) PDA, 30 °C; (<b>d</b>) OA, 20 °C; (<b>e</b>) OA, 25 °C; (<b>f</b>) OA, 30 °C; (<b>g</b>) MEA, 20 °C; (<b>h</b>) MEA, 25 °C; (<b>i</b>) MEA, 30 °C.</p> "> Figure 3
<p><span class="html-italic">Ascochyta erotica</span> sp. nov. from the holotype material LEP 124536. (<b>a</b>) Necrotic lesions on <span class="html-italic">Convolvulus arvensis</span> leaf; (<b>b</b>) pycnidia on necrotic lesion; (<b>c</b>) conidia. Scale bars: (<b>b</b>) 1 mm; (<b>c</b>) 20 µm. Arrows indicate pycnidia.</p> "> Figure 4
<p><span class="html-italic">Ascochyta erotica</span> sp. nov. (ex-holotype culture MF-17.20). (<b>a</b>) Culture on PSA after 7 d of growth (front and reverse); (<b>b</b>) culture on OA after 7 d of growth (front and reverse); (<b>c</b>) culture on MEA after 7 d of growth (front and reverse); (<b>d</b>) culture on PSA after 14 d of growth (front and reverse); (<b>e</b>) culture on OA after 14 d of growth (front and reverse); (<b>f</b>) culture on MEA after 14 d of growth (front and reverse); (<b>g</b>–<b>k</b>) pycnidia from OA after 14 d of growth; (<b>l</b>) conidiogenous cells; (<b>m</b>) conidia. Scale bars: (<b>g</b>), 500 µm; (<b>h</b>,<b>i</b>), 100 µm; (<b>j</b>,<b>k</b>), 200 µm; (<b>l</b>,<b>m</b>), 20 µm.</p> "> Figure 5
<p>Pathogenicity of the <span class="html-italic">Ascochyta erotica</span> ex-type isolate MF-17.20 on leaf segments of <span class="html-italic">Convolvulus arvensis</span>. First line in each set (Petri dish) contains leaf segments inoculated with intact adaxial part; second line is adaxial part wounded with needle; third line is intact abaxial part; fourth line is abaxial part wounded with needle. Inoculation with mycelial suspension of isolate: (<b>a</b>) 3 days post treatment; (<b>b</b>) 7 days post treatment.</p> ">
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Plant Material
2.2. DNA Isolation, PCR, and Sequencing
2.3. Phylogenetic Analyses
2.4. Morphology
2.5. Optimal Temperature for Growth
2.6. Pathogenicity
3. Results
3.1. Phylogenetic Analyses
3.2. Optimal Temperature for Growth
3.3. Taxonomy
3.4. Pathogenicity
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Ascochyta Species | Strain ID | GenBank Accession Number | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ITS | 28S | rpb2 | tub2 | ||
A. amygdali | IRAN 2641C, T | OK257015 | OK257023 | - | OK247742 |
A. astragalina | CBS 113797, T | KT389482 | KT389699 | MT018257 | KT389776 |
A. benningiorum | CBS 144957, T | MN823581 | MN823432 | MN824606 | MN824755 |
A. clinopodiicola | CBS 123524 | MN973587 | MN943793 | - | MT005693 |
A. coronillae-emeri | MFLUCC 13-0820, T | MH069661 | MH069667 | MH069679 | MH069686 |
A. erotica sp. nov. | MF-17.19, R | MH651544 | MH651585 | PP197204 | PP197203 |
A. erotica sp. nov. | MF-17.20, T | MH651559 | MH651600 | PP197205 | MH725219 |
A. erotica sp. nov. | MF-17.21, R | MH651545 | MH651586 | PP197206 | MH725220 |
A. erotica sp. nov. | MF-17.23, R | MH651546 | MH651587 | PP197207 | MH725221 |
A. erotica sp. nov. | MF-17.24, R | MH651547 | MH651588 | PP197208 | MH725222 |
A. fabae | CBS 524.77 | GU237880 | GU237963 | MT018241 | GU237526 |
A. flava | CGMCC 3.20067; LC 13574, T | MT229693 | MT229670 | MT239090 | MT249261 |
A. herbicola | CBS 629.97, R | GU237898 | GU238083 | KP330421 | GU237614 |
A. kamchatica | MF 010-031, T | MF065724 | MF065747 | MT293558 | MF065768 |
A. koolunga | CBS 373.84 | KT389481 | KT389698 | KT389560 | KT389775 |
A. lentis | CBS 370.84 | KT389474 | KT389691 | MT018246 | KT389768 |
A. medicaginicola | CBS 112.53, T | GU237749 | GU238101 | MT018251 | GU237628 |
A. neopisi | MFLU 16-0291, T | MT177918 | MT177945 | MT432201 | - |
A. nigripycnidia | CBS 116.96, T | GU237756 | GU238118 | MT018253 | GU237637 |
A. phacae | CBS 184.55, T | KT389475 | KT389692 | MT018255 | KT389769 |
A. pilosella | CBS 583.97, T | MN973590 | MN943796 | MT018258 | MT005696 |
A. pisi | CBS 122785, T | GU237763 | GU237969 | MT018244 | GU237532 |
A. premilcurensis | MFLUCC 14-0518, T | KT326694 | KT326695 | - | - |
A. rabiei | CBS 237.37, T | KT389479 | KT389696 | MT018256 | KT389773 |
A. rosae | MFLUCC 15-0063, T | KY496751 | KY496731 | KY514409 | - |
A. syringae | CBS 545.72 | KT389483 | KT389700 | MT018245 | KT389777 |
A. viciae | CBS 451.68 | KT389484 | KT389701 | KT389562 | KT389778 |
A. viciae-pannonicae | CBS 254.92 | KT389485 | KT389702 | MT018250 | KT389779 |
A. viciae-villosae | CBS 255.92 | MN973584 | MN943790 | MT018249 | MT005690 |
Phomatodes nebulosa | CBS 117.93 | GU237757 | GU238114 | KP330425 | GU237633 |
Character Status Summary | ITS | 28S | rpb2 | tub2 | 4 Loci |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total characters | 447 | 828 | 596 | 295 | 2166 |
Invariable characters | 402 | 817 | 437 | 226 | 1882 |
Informative charactrers (%) | 18 | 2 | 98 | 46 | 164 |
Uninformative characters | 27 | 9 | 61 | 23 | 120 |
Nucleotide substitution models | K2 1 + G | K2 | K2 + G | K2 + G | TNe 2 + I + G4 |
Tree length (TL) | 58 | 12 | 304 | 121 | 516 |
Consistency index (CI) | 0.6563 | 0.6667 | 0.5272 | 0.5567 | 0.5166 |
Homoplasy index (HI) | 0.3438 | 0.3333 | 0.4728 | 0.4433 | 0.4834 |
Retention index (RI) | 0.8778 | 0.9286 | 0.7631 | 0.7923 | 0.7558 |
Rescaled consistency index (RC) | 0.576 | 0.619 | 0.4023 | 0.4411 | 0.3905 |
Isolate | Days of Growth | MEA | PDA | OA | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
20 °C | 25 °C | 30 °C | 20 °C | 25 °C | 30 °C | 20 °C | 25 °C | 30 °C | ||
P. proboscis ATCC 74032 1 | 4 | 11.5 | 7.5 | 5.0 | 15.0 | 7.0 | 5.0 | 15.0 | 12.0 | 5.0 |
7 | 24.0 | 7.5 | 5.0 | 29.0 | 7.0 | 5.0 | 34.0 | 12.5 | 5.0 | |
14 | 46.0 | 8.0 | 5.0 | 57.0 | 7.0 | 5.0 | 70.0 | 17.5 | 5.0 | |
A. erotica MF-17.19 | 4 | 17.4 ± 0.4 | 19.5 ± 0.3 | 12.5 ± 0.5 | 22.4 ± 0.1 | 23.0 ± 0.4 | 17.5 ± 0.3 | 21.5 ± 0.5 | 19.8 ± 0.2 | 19.8 ± 0.5 |
7 | 28.0 ± 0.4 | 30.5 ± 0.9 | 17.4 ± 0.6 | 37.9 ± 0.3 | 39.0 ± 0.7 | 24.8 ± 0.2 | 34.8 ± 0.6 | 35.2 ± 0.2 | 27.0 ± 0.4 | |
14 | 57.5 ± 1.0 | 59.2 ± 0.6 | 30.0 ± 0.8 | 72.8 ± 0.8 | 77.8 + 0.6 | 40.8 ± 0.5 | 70.8 ± 0.8 | 75.0 ± 0.8 | 41.6 ± 0.6 | |
A. erotica MF-17.20 | 4 | 18.1 ± 0.4 | 21.2 ± 0.2 | 14.0 ± 0.2 | 22.4 ± 0.2 | 26.0 ± 0.6 | 16.4 ± 0.1 | 23.0 ± 0.3 | 25.0 ± 0.5 | 15.5 ± 0.3 |
7 | 29.8 ± 0.1 | 32.8 ± 1.6 | 19.2 ± 0.5 | 39.0 ± 0.6 | 46.5 ± 0.6 | 22.4 ± 0.1 | 39.0 | 42.6 ± 0.9 | 23.1 ± 0.1 | |
14 | 60.5 ± 1.0 | 72.5 ± 0.9 | 30.4 ± 0.2 | 74.6 ± 1.2 | 80.0 | 36.9 ± 0.9 | 77.2 ± 1.9 | 80.0 | 39.8 ± 0.5 | |
A. erotica MF-17.21 | 4 | 16.6 ± 1.3 | 19.2 ± 0.4 | 13.6 ± 0.2 | 21.9 ± 0.4 | 23.5 ± 0.3 | 16.1 ± 0.3 | 22.5 ± 0.4 | 19.8 ± 0.8 | 14.6 ± 0.6 |
7 | 30.4 ± 0.2 | 31.9 ± 0.4 | 19.2 ± 0.2 | 39.8 ± 0.8 | 42.5 ± 0.3 | 21.4 ± 0.4 | 38.5 ± 0.3 | 34.9 ± 1.0 | 19.6 ± 0.9 | |
14 | 63.1 ± 0.9 | 70.2 ± 1.6 | 33.2 ± 0.2 | 78.2 ± 0.8 | 77.5 ± 0.5 | 36.2 ± 0.2 | 75.8 ± 1.4 | 69.8 ± 0.6 | 39.4 ± 0.6 | |
A. erotica MF-17.23 | 4 | 20.2 ± 0.8 | 22.6 ± 0.5 | 15.0 ± 0.4 | 24.8 ± 0.2 | 28.2 ± 0.2 | 20.1 ± 0.4 | 24.4 ± 0.5 | 25.1 ± 0.3 | 19.8 ± 0.2 |
7 | 36.1 ± 1.6 | 38.0 ± 0.8 | 20.5 ± 0.5 | 43.6 ± 0.4 | 48.0 ± 0.7 | 25.4 ± 0.6 | 43.4 ± 0.4 | 43.5 ± 0.3 | 28.8 ± 0.4 | |
14 | 71.5 ± 1.7 | 76.0 ± 1.5 | 33.0 ± 0.8 | 80.0 | 81.8 ± 0.2 | 45.0 ± 0.8 | 78.2 ± 1.2 | 79.5 ± 0.5 | 45.0 ± 0.6 | |
A. erotica MF-17.24 | 4 | 21.3 ± 0.5 | 24.4 ± 0.4 | 14.5 ± 0.2 | 26.8 ± 0.2 | 30.8 ± 0.2 | 19.1 ± 0.1 | 22.8 ± 0.6 | 25.6 ± 0.7 | 17.8 ± 0.2 |
7 | 36.5 ± 0.3 | 40.0 ± 1.1 | 19.8 ± 0.2 | 46.2 ± 0.5 | 53.6 ± 0.2 | 26.8 ± 0.6 | 40.2 ± 0.2 | 45.0 ± 0.4 | 24.4 ± 0.8 | |
14 | 64.8 ± 3.4 | 69.0 ± 3.5 | 28.8 ± 0.5 | 79.4 ± 0.6 | 80.0 | 39.9 ± 0.6 | 77.5 ± 0.6 | 80.0 | 38.8 ± 0.5 |
Isolate | Diameter of Necrosis, mm (3, 4, and 7 dpt *) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Adaxial Side | Abaxial Side | |||
Intact | Wounded | Intact | Wounded | |
MF-17.19 | 0; 1.5 ± 0.9 **; 8.6 ± 2.5 | 4.0 ± 0.2; 6.5 ± 0.3; 13.0 ± 0.6 | 2.9 ± 0.5; 4.9 ± 0.4; 10.0 ± 0.4 | 4.2 ± 0.2; 6.2 ± 0.1; 10.0 ± 0.4 |
MF-17.20 | 0; 0.8 ± 0.4; 6.6 ± 0.4 | 3.9 ± 0.3; 5.5 ± 0.2; 11.5 ± 0.3 | 4.1 ± 0.4; 5.6 ± 0.2; 9.8 ± 0.6 | 5.4 ± 0.2; 6.9 ± 0.2; 11.2 ± 0.5 |
MF-17.21 | 0; 0; 1.6 ± 0.5 | 2.0; 4.0 ± 0.2; 9.4 ± 0.6 | 1.1 ± 0.7; 2.9 ± 0.9; 6.0 ± 0.6 | 3.8 ± 0.1; 4.4 ± 0.2; 8.8 ± 0.5 |
MF-17.23 MF-17.24 | 0; 0; 5.4 ± 1.8 0; 0; 2.1 ± 1.2 | 3.5 ± 0.4; 4.9 ± 0.4; 10.0 ± 1.1 1.4 ± 0.1; 1.9 ± 0.1; 5.3 ± 0.3 | 4.8 ± 0.5; 6.1 ± 0.4; 9.6 ± 0.6 0; 0; 5.0 ± 0.9 | 5.1 ± 0.1; 6.0; 9.5 ± 0.3 2.2 ± 0.2; 2.9 ± 0.4; 4.8 ± 0.6 |
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Gomzhina, M.; Gasich, E. Ascochyta erotica sp. nov. Pathogenic on Convolvulus arvensis. Diversity 2024, 16, 246. https://doi.org/10.3390/d16040246
Gomzhina M, Gasich E. Ascochyta erotica sp. nov. Pathogenic on Convolvulus arvensis. Diversity. 2024; 16(4):246. https://doi.org/10.3390/d16040246
Chicago/Turabian StyleGomzhina, Maria, and Elena Gasich. 2024. "Ascochyta erotica sp. nov. Pathogenic on Convolvulus arvensis" Diversity 16, no. 4: 246. https://doi.org/10.3390/d16040246