About this ebook
With billions of people around the world believing in a religion other than Christianity, it is important to understand what they believe, how it compares to Christianity, and how to address common misunderstandings.
See key information at a glance on each religion and cult, including:
- Each religion's origins and founders
- Key writings
- Key beliefs
- Common practices and symbols
- Perspective on salvation, Trinity, and the afterlife
Some belief systems use similar terms, but define them in a totally different way. Strengthen your understanding of Christianity and get practical insight into different faiths so that you can be a more effective witness.
6 Key Features of Rose's World Religions Made Easy Handbook
- Solid and Up-to-Date Research.
Perfect for individual and group study, church libraries, Sunday school classes, missionaries, and more!
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Book preview
World Religions Made Easy - Paul Carden
Biblical Christianity
Key Person/Founder, Date, Location
Jesus Christ. Founded about
ad
30–33, in Judea (present-day Israel), under the Roman Empire. Followers of Jesus Christ became known as Christians.
Who Is God?
The one God is Triune (one God in three persons, not three gods): Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. God is a spiritual being without a physical body. He is personal and involved with people. He created the universe out of nothing. He is eternal, changeless, holy, loving, and perfect. The title God
is often used to designate God the Father, the first person of the Trinity.
Who Is Jesus?
Jesus is God, the second person of the Trinity. As God the Son, he was never created and has always existed. He is fully God and fully man (the two natures joined, not mixed). As the second person of the Trinity, he is coequal with God the Father and the Holy Spirit. In becoming man (the Incarnation), he was begotten through the Holy Spirit and born of the Virgin Mary.
Jesus is the only way to the Father, salvation, and eternal life. He died on a cross according to God’s plan, as the full sacrifice and payment for our sins. He rose from the dead on the third day, spiritually and physically immortal. For the next 40 days he was seen by more than 500 eyewitnesses. His wounds were tangible, and he ate meals. He physically ascended to heaven. Jesus will come again visibly and physically at the end of time to establish God’s kingdom and judge the world.
Who Is the Holy Spirit?
The Holy Spirit is God, the third person of the Trinity. The Holy Spirit is a person, not a force or energy field. He comforts, grieves, reproves, convicts, guides, teaches, and fills Christians. He is not the Father, nor is he the Son (Jesus Christ).
Key Writings
The Holy Bible, divided into
the Old Testament: 39 books written mainly in Hebrew and Aramaic
the New Testament: 27 books written in Greek
How to Be Saved
Salvation is by God’s grace, not earned by an individual’s good works. Salvation must be received by faith—that is, people must trust sincerely that Jesus died to pay for their sins and then physically rose again, which assures believers of forgiveness and resurrection of the body. This is God’s loving plan to forgive sinful people.
What Happens after Death?
Believers go to be with Jesus, where they await the final judgment. Both saved and lost people will be resurrected. Those who are saved will live forever with Jesus in heaven. Those who are lost will suffer the torment of eternal separation from God (hell). Jesus’ bodily resurrection guarantees believers that they, too, will be resurrected and receive new, immortal bodies.
Major Celebrations
Easter, commemorating Jesus’ resurrection (annual; dates vary)
Christmas, commemorating
Jesus’ birth (annual; December 25)
Other Facts, Beliefs, or Practices
Group worship, usually held in churches. No secret rites or doctrines. Baptism and the
Lord’s Supper (Communion). Active voluntary missionary efforts. Aid to those in need: the poor, widows, orphans, and downtrodden.
Christians believe that Jesus is the Jewish Messiah promised to Israel in the Old Testament (Tanakh). Jesus said that his followers would be known by their love for one another. Basic teachings are summarized in the ancient statements of Christian belief, especially the Apostles’ Creed, the Nicene Creed, the Athanasian Creed, and the Definition of Chalcedon.
The Apostles’ Creed
I believe in God, the Father almighty,
Maker of heaven and earth.
And in Jesus Christ, his only Son, our Lord;
Who was conceived by the Holy Spirit,
and born of the Virgin Mary;
Suffered under Pontius Pilate,
Was crucified, died, and buried.
He descended into hell;
On the third day he rose from the dead;
He ascended into heaven and is seated
at the right hand of the Father;
From thence he will come to judge the living and the dead.
I believe in the Holy Spirit, the holy catholic church,
The communion of saints, the forgiveness of sins,
The resurrection of the body, and the life everlasting.
Main Branches
Roman Catholicism—worldwide church governed by the Pope (also called the Bishop of Rome) from the Holy See in Vatican City
Eastern Orthodoxy—national churches (Armenian, Greek, Russian, etc.) governed by local bishops under the leadership of patriarchs; the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople (Istanbul, Turkey) has primacy of honor
Protestantism—no centralized organization or leadership; liturgical denominations include Lutheran, Anglican, and Presbyterian churches; non-liturgical denominations include Baptist, Congregational, and Pentecostal churches
Jehovah’s Witnesses
(Watchtower Bible & Tract Society)
Key Person/Founder, Date, Location
Charles Taze Russell (1852–1916), succeeded as president by Joseph F. Rutherford (1869–1942). Began 1879 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Headquarters in Warwick, New York.
Key Writings
All current Watchtower publications, including