Czech Archaeology News 2021 Editor: Lukas Hanzl Prof. Evžen Neústupný died Prof. Evžen Neustupný was born 1933 in Prague and was a Czech archaeologist, educated at the Charles University. He was an author of numerous publications, e.g for example: "Archaeological Method", Cambridge University Press, Aug 26, 1993. ISBN 978-0521380768.  He clarified the chronology of Czech Neolithic cultures, and was involved in the introduction of the radio-carbon method in Czech archaeology. He was also the director of the Archaeological Institute in Most and since the end of the 1990 s he was the chief of the Department of Archeology at the University of West Bohemia in Pilsen. Evžen Neustupný was a son of the archaeologist and museologist Jiří Neustupný. Professor Evžen Neústupný died January 14, 2021. Honor to his memory! Latest issue of the journal Prague Egyptological Studies (XXV/2020) has been published! source:https://cegu.ff.cuni.cz/cs/ The latest issue of the journal Prague Egyptological Studies brings an obituary of Prof. Břetislav Vachala who passed away recently. Besides that, the issue contains the map of the archaeological structures at Abusir with selected English bibliography. Two reports about excavations of the tomb of Kairsu at Central Abusir follow. Other archaeological reports are devoted to uncovering of the causeway of King Sahure and of the pyramid complex of King Djedkare, and also to exploration of the Lake of Abusir. Studies focus on the male employees of the so-called khener-institution or on fishing and fowling scenes in the tomb of the provincial governor Ibi. Finally, a book review of the publication of Anne Minault-Gout on stone vessels can be found in the issue as well. The journal can be purchased in the e-shop of the Faculty of Arts, Charles University, Prague. Myslata of Blov, the first historically documented vampire in Europe and his world Blov village today Vampiric entities have been recorded in most cultures; the term vampire was popularized in Western Europe after reports of an 18th-century mass hysteria of a pre-existing folk belief in the Balkans and Eastern Europe that in some cases resulted in corpses being staked and people being accused of vampirism. Local variants in Eastern Europe were also known by different names, such as shtriga in Albania, vrykolakas in Greece and strigoi in Romania. The village of Blov is located a short distance from the town of Kadaň in Poohří. The first written mention of this village was made in 1336 by the Benedictine abbot, chronicler and diplomat Jan Neplach. This year a very strange and disturbing thing has happened here. A municipal shepherd named Myslata died and was buried. "In the kingdom Bohemia, barely a mile from Kadaň in a village called Blov, a shepherd Myslata died. He got up every night, walked around all the villages in the area, scared people, murdered, and spoke incomprehensible language. And when they dug him up because he had to be burned, he puffed like a bull and roared terribly, and when he was put on the fire, someone grabbed a stick, stabbed him, and immediately blood spurted out of. Then, when he was exhumaned and placed on the cart, he joined his legs together as if he were alive. When his body was burned, everything calmed down." Václav Neplach was one of the most educated men in Bohemia at the time. He was born in 1322 in Hoříněves in the Hradec Králové region and continued into the Benedictine order at the age of twelve. He graduated from one of the most famous medieval universities in Bologna, Italy, and in 1348 became the abbot of the monastery in Opatovice nad Labem. Beginning in 1353, Charles IV. he often entrusted important diplomatic tasks abroad. In 1355 he was accompanied by Charles during his imperial coronation in Rome. In the following years he was one of the closest collaborators of the Prague Archbishop Jan Očko of Vlašim. Abbot Neplach wrote his not very extensive chronicle sometime around 1360. He died on 16 September 1371. Myslata was a sheepdog master, an expert and an important member of the community. He was a serf of a nunnery in Doksany. He was born in times last Premyslids and died during the reign of the King John of Luxembourg. Preserved inquisition protocols were also created about his case. Myslata, according to legend, visited in the night a alive humans and shouted their names. These people died within 8 days. Myslata was probably burned on the hill Kolina northwest of the village, where he grazed a herds. We do not know where he was buried before exhumation, perhaps in the monastery in Želina or, maybe, at a local burial ground without a church in a place still called "Vamperk". Romanesque church of St. Lawrence in Želina A similar case is mentioned by Neplach in his chronicle in connection with the year 1344: “A woman died in Levín (in the Litoměřice region or Levín near Beroun in central Bohemia) and was here buried. However, after the funeral, she got up, strangled many people, and danced over each one. And when she was pierced, blood flowed from her like from a living creature. She also ate more than half of her own veil, and when he was torn from it, he was all bloodied. When it was to be burned, the wood could not burn.  They used a timber schingles from a church roof, according to some old women. The fire then ignited. Even though she had been stabbed, she was still getting up, but as soon as she was burned, all the suffering stopped. " Kolina hill, three crosses mark the place where Myslata was burned Olešnice-medieval open-air museum – the gold ore mill The gradually expanding medieval mining open-air museum on the river Olešnice near Zlaté Hory will offer you a replica of period gold ore mills from the 14th century, the times of the greatest glory of gold mining in the region, in a place called the Valley of Lost Adits. The equipment and exhibits are fully functional and their operation will be demonstrated to you by the operator. The local exhibits form a historical treatment of gold ore by crushing and grinding. In the upper part there is a functional stamping mill for crushing ore, in the lower one there is a mill. The treatment by crushing and grinding made it possible to obtain the free gold contained in the rock by panning in the same way as gold from alluvium. In Zlatohorské ores, it is necessary to bind two gold ore, mainly to pyrite (around 70 %). Therefore, most of the gravity concentrate obtained by this treatment had to be further processed in metallurgical works. By car: Direction Zlaté Hory, you can park either in the parking lot behind the railway crossing between Ondřejovice and Zlaté Hory and then take approx. 1 km along a forest road, or on the other side at the game preserve between Dolní Údolí and Zlaté Hory (near the bus stop) and continue approx. 0.5 km along a forest road. Access is marked by signposts. By train: Zlaté Hory railway station. From approx. 2 km ready. By bus: In Zlaté Hory, buses of long-distance lines on the route Jeseník - Krnov - Opava - Ostrava have stopped, then you can continue by local connection to the stop Zlaté Hory, Dolní Údolí, háj. or you have approx. 3 km. Gate to the Roman Empire At the village Pasohlávky in the Mikulov region, they opened a new visitor center and an exhibition called the Gate to the Roman Empire. It stands on the site of the largest military camp of Roman soldiers in the Czech lands, who settled in the area during the Marcomanni wars. The Romans briefly settled in southern Moravia during the Marcomanni wars – a conflict between the Germanic tribes and the army of Emperor Marcus Aurelius. It is probable that he also stayed in the camp for some time. It was not a normal military camp. The camp also included a spa or officer buildings. In the modern building of the Visitor Center, there are multimedia presentations in traditional showcases with archeological finds presenting the historical circumstances of building a Roman fortress in Hradisko near Mušov and archeological traces of the Romans' work in our territory. wooden residential building   The Visitor Center is newly opening space for a modern, interactive and educational form of presentation of archaeological research as well as ways of archaeological knowledge. In addition to permanent presentations in the form of film screenings, showcases with exhibits and digital information areas, the center is to host programs with live demonstrations of the life of Roman legionaries and inhabitants of the region in the first centuries of our era. Roman military camps in Moravia The Golden Mammoth Prize 2020 The deadline for submitting projects to the Golden Mammoth competition has been extended The Golden Mammoth Prize competition highlights the best popularization results of the respective calendar year. The Golden Mammoth Award is announced in three categories, each of which is guaranteed by one of the partners. In each category, the three best results are awarded. The first prize in each category is also awarded a financial reward. https://cenazlatymamut.cz/?fbclid=IwAR3HFEkLT_q0faXLesGriXWl7tcN7wa1ghKb6ZV_P2ItUKYKoj3sAWu5FxA The deadline for applications for 2020 has been extended to February 28, 2021! Profane Landscapes, Sacred Spaces Edited by Miroslav Bárta [+]Charles University Jiří Janák [+]Charles University Ever since Herodotus, it has been observed that Egypt – that is, ancient Egyptian civilisation – was a gift of the Nile. However, only recently have Egyptologists come to appreciate that Egypt was as much a gift of the desert as a gift of the water, at least as regards its very beginnings. To understand the civilisation that originally settled along the Nile Valley and in the Delta, we must study not only the remains of ancient monuments, excavated artefacts and reconstructed texts, but take proper account of the landscape, conditions and environment that shaped Egypt’s culture, religion and ideology. This volume addresses various aspects of how the world was perceived in the minds of Egyptians, and how Egyptians subsequently reshaped their surrounding landscape in harmony with their view of geography and cosmological ideas. Profane landscape and sacred space thus blend into one multi-faceted concept. Kings of the Sun exhibition will be extended until June 6, 2021! The Sun Kings exhibition will be extended until June 6, 2021! Dear visitors, You will be able to see the World Exhibition of the Sun Kings until the beginning of June. The National Museum has managed to negotiate the extension the time of exhibition. The opening of this exibition with artifacts of incalculable value will be, againas soon as the epidemic situation allows. official text:  Take the unique opportunity to see generous loans from the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, the Great Egyptian Museum in Giza, but also from museums in Berlin, Leipzig, Hanover, Heidelberg, Hildesheim and Frankfurt am Main. Last but not least, you will see objects that the National Museum acquired as a Czechoslovak contribution to the findings made by the expedition of Charles University in Abusir. There are treasures from the 3rd to the 1st millennium BC, such as the unique royal statue of King Raneferef, one of the four pharaohs buried in Abusir, or an extensive collection of statues from the tombs of Princess Sheretnebty and the scribe Nefer. The news of their discovery travelled the world in 2012. Do you know why the rulers of the 5th dynasty are often called the kings of the sun in Egyptian history? The answer will be revealed to you on the way to ancient history, to the royal Abusir, where during the reign of the 5th ancient Egyptian dynasty (about 2435–2306 BC) a royal burial ground with three pyramids was built. You will explore the rich relief decoration, equipment, as well as the normal operation of these pyramid complexes thanks to the exhibited objects, but also with the help of audio-visual materials. An audio-visual screening will introduce you to the history of King Sahure’s Mortuary Temple, take you to the Sanctuary of the Seasons, the most famous part of King Niuserre’s Sun Temple, or you can watch the first film adaptation of the story from the famous Westcar Papyrus. The exhibition does not present only the fates of the rulers of the ancient land on the Nile. With the exhibition, you will move into the shadow of the pyramids – the non-royal Abusir. Abusir served for the burials of ancient Egyptian elites long before it became a royal necropolis. You will set out on a journey from the first burials during the unification of Egypt around 3000 BC, through the period of the builders of the pyramids, the imperial expansion of the Egyptian state during the New Kingdom to the period of foreign domination over Egypt during the 1st millennium BC. Thanks to the audio-visuals, you will soak up the atmosphere of the unexcavated tomb of a high-ranking Egyptian priest Iufaa, which was found 18 meters below the earth’s surface. PhDr. Oldřich Kotyza died We are sorry to inform you that PhDr. Oldřich Kotyza, archaeologist of the Regional Museum in Litoměřice, died. His departure is a great loss for us. Honor to his memory. Jan Rulf Award-announcement of Institute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences JAN RULF AWARD Institute of Archaeology of Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague would like to announce 11 th year of the Jan Rulf Award for the best scientific publication in the field of archaeology Terms of submission: The competition is intended for young researchers. Authors or an institution can submit publications. One institution may submit a maximum of five publications in each category (i.e. up to five publications or PhD theses, five master's and five bachelor's theses). The publication must fulfil the following criteria: The publication must represent an original theoretical work in the field of archaeology; The publication shall be published or completed in the period from January 1st, 2019 to February 28th, 2021; To enter the competition, the publication shall be delivered to the Institute of Archaeology in Prague electronically (PDF) or in one printed copy (publication, offprint, manuscript) no later than March 31st, 2021, together with a cover letter containing the consent of the author/authors to be included in the competition; The author shall not be older than 36 years by February 28th, 2021 and must be an EU citizen. If more than one author wrote the publication, all of them must meet this condition. An evaluation committee appointed ad hoc by the director of the Institute of Archaeology of the CAS, Prague will assess publications meeting the conditions mentioned above. The committee will predominantly take into account authenticity, and added value of individual publications for archaeology, originality of solution applied, and methodological aspect of the selected approach. The committee shall arrange publications in order, and the first three publications will be awarded. In addition, the committee will decide and award three best bachelor's and master's theses. The best publication in the Jan Rulf Award competition will receive CZK 17,000, second place CZK 12,000, and third CZK 8,000. Three best bachelor's and master's theses shall be awarded CZK 7,000, 5,000 and 3,000. The evaluation committee may choose to reward more publications or leave a particular place unoccupied. Competition results will be announced on the website of the Institute of Archaeology. The evaluation committee shall recommend the selected works for priority publication in periodicals of the Institute. Submitted publications and manuscripts will be returned to the authors after the competition. Competition proposals together with PDF version or one copy of the publication (offprint or manuscript) are kindly requested to submit them by the given deadline to the following address or email address: Mgr. Jan Mařík, PhD. Director Institute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, v. v. i. Letenská 4, CZ-118 01 Prague 1 Email address: arupraha@arup.cas.cz Jiří A. Svoboda – Lenka Sedláčková: The gravettian along the Danube The publication brings contributions from an international conference focused on newly acquired knowledge about the prehistory of the Danube region 30–20 thousand years ago. General papers on the periodization and dating of the Gravettien are followed by regional contributions, ranked from west to east: southern Germany, Austria, Moravia, Poland, Slovakia and the Balkans. Final papers focus on interregional comparisons (Italy), technology and cultural context. PDF download: http://stream.avcr.cz/ARUB/The_gravettian_along_the_Danube_web_n.pdf The analysis of the burial ground from the time of migration of peoples in Sendražice has the first results Authors: Pavel Horník, Milada Hylmarová, Jan Jílek, Věra Klontza, Miroslav Novák In 2019, archaeologists from the Museum of Eastern Bohemia in Hradec Králové discovered six skeletal graves from the end of the 5th century AD. Most of the graves were looted in the spirit of the time. An exception was the grave belonging to a woman aged 35-50. The surprisingly intact tomb contained a rich collection of finds of extraordinary historical and artistic quality. Among the finds, four clasps of gold and silver inlaid with semi-precious stones stand out. The headdress was decorated with decorated gold targets. The woman also carried glass beads, an iron knife, a bone comb, egg shells, and a ceramic vessel. She was placed in a log grave chamber together with a smaller animal. Large pieces of textile and leather have been preserved on a pair of buckles placed in the wedge area. Although the remaining graves did not escape robbery, they also contained the remains of funeral alms, such as a short sword (sax), knives,                    Extremely valuable findings are today the subject of intensive study, which involves a number of experts across many disciplines, such as the Institute of Archeology and Museology, Department of Classical Archeology, Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Institute of Archeology of the ASCR in Prague, Mining Museum in Příbram, the University of Chemical Technology in Prague or the Max Planck Institute in Jena. the text of the full article:  https://muzeumhk.cz/novinky-z-muzea/980-analyza-pohrebiste-z-doby-stehovani-narodu-v-sendrazicich-ma-prvni-vysledky.html?fbclid=IwAR2l8OolV420FLDsSZz_QUQJg56u2_NOwp4_yOuHB6X3yrbRg1PmByMKncw Skull of a woman from the Koněprusy caves The caves are situated in Central Bohemia, 7 km South of Beroun, in the middle of the nature reserve of Czech Karst, not far from castles Křivoklát and Karlštejn. The caves were discovered in 1950 and made accessible for the public in 1959.The caves are developed in 400 milion years old Devonian limestones, consist of three levels to be found 70 m under the ground-level and over 2 km long.  The top level housed in the 15th century a secret workshop of money forgers. The cave can boast of unique opal-bearing decorations, as well as numerous paleonthological exavations, documenting the history Human remains, considered to be from the Early Upper Palaeolithic (EUP) period, were discovered in 1950–53 in a karstic system near the village of Koněprusy The incomplete cranium discovered at the Zlatý kůň site in the Bohemian Karst is a rare piece of skeletal evidence of human presence in Central Europe during the Late Glacial period. The relative position of cranial fragments was restored and missing parts of the cranium were virtually reconstructed using mirroring and the Thin-plate splines algorithm. the Czech Republic. The cranium was classified as belonging to a female with a probability of 0.98. A genome sequenced from a modern human skull has been dated at approximately 45,000 years old.  In a related study, it is also show that intermixing between Neanderthals and humans happened was more often. Woman lived at least 2,000 years after the last interbreeding event involving her modern human and Neanderthal ancestors.The group that the Zlatý kůň woman belonged to didn’t survive. Czech archeological find of a prehistoric rhino in Brno Archaeologists in Brno discovered a 18,000year-old skull of a hairy rhinoceros. They came across her during excavation work in Vídeňská Street (Brno). This is the lower part of the skull, in which the roots of the teeth are still preserved. The animal was  draw aside there probably by people from the period of the end of mammoth hunters, who could be based in this area. At this place, for example, a part of a mammoth and other animals were found. The staff of Anthropos will take the skull to the institute for further research and purification, so that it can then be included in the collections of the Moravian Museum. Beginnings of potter’s wheel in medieval Czech-Moravian highlands The paper aims to consider adaptation of two new technologies in pottery making which were fast potter’s wheel and pottery kilns in the region of Czech-Moravian highlands. The study is based on archaeological finds of several kilns dated to the end of the 13th and the beginning of the 14th century. The region is situated in the middle of the Czech Republic and was sparsely populated before colonization during the 13th century. The colonization brought these innovations and also social changes which led to transformation of pottery production into a professional craft. The former forming technique – coiling – and firing in an opened or temporary firing devices were still in use during the colonization period. Means of implementing the new technologies have been the main question in the high and late medieval pottery research for decades. Part of the incoming settlers certainly had the knowledge of the wheel throwing, but were probably unable to use it properly since they had to deal with local clay properties first. Lower purity and quality of some clays could have made them inapplicable to be used for wheel throwing. This problem was overcome with implementation wheel forming. With this technique the basic body shape of a pot was built with coils first, then the shape was finished using a rotation kinetic energy. The question of the beginning of kiln using is also discussed here. Archaeological evidence shows the potters were unable to use the full potential of the first kilns. Instead of using the kilns ability of thermal cumulation, the pots were fired probably fast or low temperature. Prague fortification near Poříčí Gate The gate of St. Peter built in 1350, also called Špitálská. The Špitálská gate, named after Špitálský pole, today's Karlín) stood close to the Vltava river, but in the construction of the Baroque fortifications it proved to be insufficient and in 1663 it was replaced by a new gate closing Na Poříčí street with the Poříčská gate. Due to the lack of funds, the gate fell into disrepair and hindered the development and growth of the city, so Emperor Francis Joseph I decided in the 1960 s that Prague would become an open city. The demolition of the fortifications began in 1874 and therefore the Poříčská Gate was demolished in 1875. Wolf´s Pit Mining on the Bohemian side of the mountains probably began in the 14th century. With the further settlement of the Ore Mountains in the 15th century, new, rich, ore deposits were eventually discovered around Schneeberg Annaberg and St. Joachimsthal. For centuries the cities on both sides of the mountain range had sustained themselves and flourished by the extraction of tin, copper, zinc, uranium, and most importantly silver.         The Ore Mountains (czech Krušné hory, german Erzgebirge) in Central Europe have formed a natural border between Bohemia and Saxony for around 800 years, from the 12th to the 20th centuries. Today, the border between the Czech Republic and Germany runs just north of the main crest of the mountain range. The highest peaks are the Klínovec in the Czech Republic (German: Keilberg), which rises to 1,244 metres or 4,081 ft above sea level and the Fichtelberg in Germany 1,215 metres or 3,986 ft. Horní Blatná town Horní Blatná is a little mining town. It is located in the district of Karlovy Vary, Karlovy Vary region in the top parts of the Ore Mountains, in the Czech Republic.The town a population of about 400. In 1532, at the order of the Saxon duke Jan Friedrich, the upper town was founded here. The deposits of iron and tin ore were  mined by miners originating mainly from the Schneeberg town. The town was founded on a regular checkerboard floor plan with a church on a rectangular square. In 1547, Horní Blatná became part of Bohemia and a year later it was promoted to a royal upper town. "Blatenský vrch" Blatna hill The "Wolf Pit" was maked by the extraction of the Wolfgang tin zone and the later partial collapse of the ceilings of the underground chambers and the rock walls. The depression is over 120 meters long, about fourteen meters wide and about twenty meters deep. Wolf Pit The "Ice Pit", which was created by mining the Jiří tin zone, is up in the slope. The pit is up to twenty meters deep and very narrow, which restricts the movement of air. This maked a specific microclimate, thanks to which snow and ice accumulated at the bottom of the pit, which did not thaw even during the summer. In 1813, there is a mention of the use of ice in the treatment of soldiers wounded in the battle of Leipzig. Ice Pit A Scratched Hint of Ancient Ties Stirs National Furies in Europe Czech archaeologists say marks found on a cattle bone are sixth-century Germanic runes, in a Slavic settlement. The find has provoked an academic and nationalist brawl. LANY, Czech Republic — In a region long fought over by rival ethnic and linguistic groups, archaeologists in the Czech Republic have discovered something unusual in these turbulent parts: evidence that peoples locked in hostility for much of the modern era got along in centuries past. A few yards from a Czech Army pillbox built as a defense against Nazi Germany, the archaeologists discovered a cattle bone that they say bears inscriptions dating from the sixth century that suggest that different peoples speaking different languages mingled and exchanged ideas at that time. Perhaps fitting for a such a fractious region, the find has set off a furious brawl among academics and archaeologists, and nationalists and Europhiles, about what it all means. The bone fragment, identified by DNA analysis and carbon dating as coming from the rib of a cow that lived around 1,400 years ago, was found in a Slavic settlement in 2017, said Jiri Machacek, the head of the archaeology department at Masaryk University in the Czech city of Brno. But in what is considered a major finding, a team of scholars led by Dr. Machacek recently concluded that the bone bears sixth-century runes, a system of writing developed by early Germans.“It shows that they were trying to communicate with each other and were not just fighting all the time,” Dr. Machacek said. It is unclear whether the runes were inscribed by a person of Germanic origin living alongside Slavs or engraved by a Slav who knew Germanic runes. (Slavs did not have their own system of writing until three centuries later.)Either way, Dr. Machacek said, they indicate that different peoples who were living in what is now an eastern corner of the Czech Republic known as Moravia interacted in ways that were not previously known.“It is very symbolic that we found it so near that thing,” Dr. Machacek said, pointing to the moss-covered military blockhouse left from World War II, when Germany conquered Slavic lands whose people Hitler viewed as “subhumans.”Although dedicated to unearthing the distant past, archaeology has long been a field freighted by very current concerns. Nineteenth-century nationalists, the Nazis and Soviet communists have all abused it to justify and promote their causes.“Like everything else in Central Europe, this is not simply an academic debate,” said Patrick J. Geary, a scholar of medieval history at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, N. J. “Nationalists and nativists have long argued both about the origins of the Slavs and every aspect of Slavic prehistory. PRIORITIES, RESEARCH AGENDAS AND PLANNING LED INVESTIGATIONS IN CZECH ARCHAEOLOGY   The Czech system of archaeological heritage management is mostly based on outdated legislation from 1980s. The authors of the law could not predict the major political and economic transformations that occurred in the Czech Republic after 1989. Thus, paradoxically, a law created in the conditions of a totalitarian state suppressing all private civil and business activities is still in force, after almost thirty years of democratic government and market economy. We can say that there is no effective system of setting priorities in development-led archaeology in the Czech Republic. The decision what and how to excavate lies in hands of archaeological companies (state or private) and archaeologists responsible for conducting of particular fieldwork. To conduct a particular development-led excavation, the archaeological companies have to make a bilateral agreement. How the agreement is fulfilled as well as methods used in the course of the fieldwork are fully in the hands of the archaeologist and developer while the state authorities have only minimum possibilities to intervene in the on-going project. The absence of enforceable rules and effective supervision in the course of archaeological fieldwork represent a considerable problem not only to the archaeological heritage, but it also undermines the reputation of archaeology in public. Under the current conditions, the quality of the fieldwork can only be evaluated from excavation reports, which are usually written up to three years after the completion of fieldwork. The current legally frozen state of archaeological heritage care system produced some unique not-official solutions and structures. Among the most important ones belong the centralised system of evidence of archaeological fieldwork and their results – the Archaeological map of the Czech Republic or regional archaeological commissions. Generally speaking, the current state of archaeological heritage care system can be defined as extremely fragile and unsustainable from a long-term perspective. Czech Texas Czech immigration to Texas began as early as the 1820s, but most immigrants made the journey as individuals. Large-scale and family immigration began with the immigration of Rev. Josef Arnost Bergman, described as the "father" of Czech immigration to Texas by some sources, and his family in 1850. Once settled in Texas, Bergman wrote letters to families in Europe, encouraging them to come to Texas. Czech immigration was driven by the availability of land in Texas and by events in Europe. In the 1840s, the Austrian Empire, which included Czech lands, was still run by a feudal system, despite the wave of democratic ideals sweeping across western Europe. This led to the Revolutions of 1848, which did little to improve the economic status of peasants who still found it difficult to gain wealth.The revolutions, together with factors such as religious persecution and mandatory military service, fueled a wave of emigration from Austria beginning in 1852.   Drawing on Boas’s model for interviewing speakers of the language and digitally cataloging the dialects, John Tomecek founded and Lida Cope of East Carolina University developed the Texas Czech Legacy Project at the University of Texas at Austin to document and preserve the dwindling language. Because the majority of Texas immigrants came from Moravia, the Czech spoken in Texas is largely characterized by Moravian dialects, which vary to some extent from the Bohemian dialects spoken by most Czech-Americans. Czech-language journalism has been very active in the state over the years. Thirty-three newspapers and periodicals have been published. As of 1993 one weekly newspaper, Našinec, published at Granger, and one monthly, Hospodář, published at West, were still being published entirely in Czech. Other periodicals such as Věstník and the Brethren Journal contained sections printed in Czech. Center for Early Medieval Studies at Masaryk University, Brno go to: http://www.earlymedievalstudies.com   Doc. Ivan Foletti, M.A., Ph.D., Head of the Centre  There is seemingly nothing more unfamiliar to the people of the 21st century than the art of southern Europe, the Byzantine East and Persian-Islamic civilization in the Early Medieval period. The visual culture of these worlds surpasses the categories of post avant-garde aesthetics and the meaning of images, buildings and reliefs, deeply rooted in the religious tradition of the Mediterranean, rarely resonates in postmodern culture. In spite of this, Brno is home to The Center for Early Medieval Studies, which is devoted, not only in the educational field, but in research and in the contact with a non-academic audience, to the study and presentation of the figurative art created around the Mediterranean between the 4th and the 10th centuries. The aim of the Center's activities is to analyse the evolution of the major civilizations that came into being within the territory of the defunct Roman Empire. Consequently, the subject of the Center's studies is the development of the identity of Western Europe, Byzantium and Islam as autonomous yet mutually dependent phenomena. This transcultural approach is essential for understanding the dialogue and conflicts between these civilizations, and, at the same time, is necessary for the comprehension of the global phenomena that independently emerged in these cultures. This method is based on the tradition of the historiography of art history in Bohemia and Moravia, and on the legacy of The Vienna School of Art History, which also influenced the Department of Art History in Brno. After the First World War, a significant international institution resided in Czechoslovakia –Institutum Kondakovianum, founded in honour of Nikodim Pavlovič Kondakov, who had passed away in Prague in 1925. Furthermore, international periodicals with focused on Byzantium and the East were published during the interwar period in Czechoslovakia: Byzantinoslavica and Seminarium Kondakovianum. We need to emphasize the fact that the required studies at The Vienna School of Art History were created as a result of the research on the Early Middle Ages and Byzantium. We have to mention especially the classic works by Franz Wickhoff, Römische Kunst (Die Wiener Genesis) (Wien, 1895) and Alois Riegl, Die Spätrömische Kunst-Industrie nach den Funden in Östereichen-Ungarn (Wien, 1901). The Center for Early Medieval Studies aims to base its activities on both of these above-mentioned traditions. The activities of the Center are to a large extent dependent on the volunteer work of students from the Department of Art History in Brno who, since November 2011, have also been organising regular public lectures, “Středověc Jinax”. These lectures are not targeted only at the academic audience, but also at the general public. Archaeological exploring the network of corridors below the Moravian village. source: https://ct24.ceskatelevize.cz/jihomoravskykraj/3330666-archeologove-prozkoumavaji-sit-chodeb-pod-moravskou-vesnici-nalezy?fbclid=IwAR1nET20gqxqCPRMHYVTC_MYtpJWtiNSfrY_8RcGegOJiibrGYZ12wCMsjE by Břeclavský denník Archaeologists have found up to 30,000 years old mammoth bones, teeth or decorative elements in Milovice in the Břeclav region. In June 2009, it started the first spontaneous slump of way and there are finded old cellars diged into loess. Subsequently, the networks of corridors were revealed. "It was a bit technologically demanding and special research, because archaeologists usually proceed from top to bottom, here we proceeded in the opposite way," said Martin Novák archaeologist. "We find, for example, a small bone fragment of mammoth dentine, which is decorated with small grooves," said Novák. D6 – Krupá bypass – Archaeological survey - 2021 The archaeologists currently working on the Nesuchyně II locality, where most of the topsoil is uncover, and this part is already bringing an interesting revelation from the Eneolithic period. This period of the Late Stone Age, or also the Copper Age, is dated in our territory to the period of approximately 4200–2200 BC. Just to give you an idea, this is a period when megalithic buildings such as stone circles and the Stonehenge or Carnac series were being created in Europe. However, this locality is interesting in that it is a purely Eneolithic area. This is not so common, as areas from this period are mostly part of Neolithic archaeological units. There are a large number of ceramic artifacts in this locality and 2 probable graves were also found, which are waiting to be discovered. Given their size, archaeologists expect to find skeletal remains of children. The historical construction activity reveals the foundations for the location of the wooden stakes of the then dwellings or daubs, which formed their walls. The most interesting thing, which is already partly revealed and partly remains hidden under the ground, is the relatively well-preserved fence, which delimited the then kind of community space. Magnetometry shows its course even in hitherto undiscovered surfaces, while it has an approximately circular shape and is preserved as a whole, which is not so common. However, it was not a fortification. This relatively large area was surrounded by a moat, which delimited it from the area outside. The exact purpose will only be the subject of further research and interpretation based on the found artifacts.  ¨¨¨¨ RECONSTRUCTING AN EXTINCT TYPE OF ARCHITECTURE AT THE SIXTH NILE CATARACT Author(s): Varadzin, Ladislav (Institute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague) - Varadzinová, Lenka (Czech Institute of Egyptology, Faculty of Arts, Charles University, Prague) - Pacina, Jan (Department of Informatics and Geoinformatics, Faculty of Environment, J. E. Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem)   Evidence for light architecture characteristic in particular of mobile societies is difficult to detect archaeologically. In this paper we investigate such evidence in the form of narrow cylindrical holes recorded on vertical and inclined walls of granite boulders in the Czech archaeological concession in the western part of Jebel Sabaloka at the Sixth Nile Cataract (Sudan). Based on the actual evidence, thorough documentation and virtual experimental reconstruction, we interpret these holes as remains of wooden pole-built structures, some of which may have been dwellings. The structural design is indicative of mobile or semi-mobile communities whose territories consisted of a network of stable points or camps. Our aim is to highlight what can be considered a significant category of North African archaeological and architectural evidence which has, so far, received only limited attention. In addition to researchers concerned with areas where remains of prehistoric or historical occupation are tied to rocky environments, it may be of interest to those concerned with secondary squatting occupation remains within monumental architecture not only in Northeast Africa.   Varadzin, Ladislav, Varadzinová, Lenka, Pacina, Jan Mound Landscape of the Eastern Kugitang Piedmonts in Southern Uzbekistan autor: Jakub Havlík Dry steppe region of eastern Kugitang Piedmonts (Southern Uzbekistan) provides uniquely preserved archaeological landscape mostly untouched by modern agricultural and settlement activities. Among diverse archaeological phenomena (settlement sites, irrigations, petroglyphs etc.) a large amount of various stone structures, predominantly mounds, was studied in pursuance of two-year surface survey. The aim of the proposed presentation is to analyse an occurrence of identified stone mounds in the cultural landscape of foothill region of southern Uzbekistan, as well as to evaluate the patterns of their spatial distribution in relation to both natural and anthropogenic features in their vicinity. For this purpose, approaches of landscape archaeology were applied. The main attention was paid on the spatial distribution of both individual object and whole clusters, relation of their location to the natural environment (elevation, slope aspect and gradient, distance from water) and other anthropogenic features (other mounds, settlements, petroglyphs), including their visual interconnectivity. Data collected in the database were processed using GIS integrating water stream network and digitalized elevated model, and thus allowing precise analysis of the selected area as an archaeological continuum. The spatial analysis reveals a clear link between the occurrence of mounds and specific environment of gently sloping plateaus elevated above the surrounding landscape, where significant majority of the studied objects is located. Besides this preference, there is a certain connection between mounds and water streams flowing below the plateaus. In regional scale, studied mounds occur mostly along the natural routes logically connecting mountain areas with lowlands, where historical settlements were concentrated as well. Despite the fact that several mounds belonging to the Early Iron Age Yaz I culture are situated nearby a settlement site of the same period, a spatial proximity to settlement of particular period doesn’t seem to be a determining factor for their occurrence. A possible link between mounds and potential transhumance routes is still to be verified. SUBSISTENCE STRATEGIES OF THE LBK SITE AT ŽÁDOVICE (MORAVIA, CZECH REPUBLIC) Site Žádovice (south Moravia) is a polycultural site with substantial settlement features dated to the LBK, the early phase (I) being the most pronounced. To this phase belong the most of the archaeologically detected features (such as ground plans of houses, burials). We are currently focusing on the reconstruction of subsistence strategies of the local early LBK community within the complex study of the site. Research is at the moment focused mainly on the anthropological material from burials. Their primary anthropological analysis has been already carried out (Čižmář – Geislerová 1998). Pathological signs of buried indi-viduals (mostly children) are consistent with the consumption of a plant-based diet (teeth abrasion, anemia). This kind of diet is also confirmed by multiple finds of tools used for processing plants processing (grinding stones). Buried individuals are currently being dated by 14C dating. The ratio of stable isotopes (δ13C and δ15N) is being established in order to reconstruct paleodiet. Present results of radiocarbon dating showed surprisingly old dates (6300–5600 calBC). Therefore it is necessary to obtain more 14C data and do more analyses (for example aDNA) to establish the chronology and understand the economic and social aspects of the past community. It is worth considering whether the old dating could not have been caused by a certain kind of diet (such as reservoir effect caused by consuming fish). To verify this hypothesis the osteological material of domestic animals was analyzed (C14 dating). The exceptional character of site Žádovice might be emphasized by the atypical position in the land-scape, which might have influenced the subsistence strategy of the local inhabitants. Results of this study may contribute to better understanding the way of life of the local community in the context of the LBK in Central Europe. Reconstruction of Old Kingdom Administration using Data Mining autors: Mgr. et Mgr. Veronika Dulíková, Ph.D. Ing. Radek Mařík, CSc.  The sophisticated administration in the age of the pyramid builders offers a remarkable time span for research and a unique opportunity to analyse the dynamics of a complex society in a diachronic perspective. Although scholarly interest in the Old Kingdom administration has always been relevant, the grasping of its complexity and the tracing of the particular processes which led to changes and innovations of the system have been missing. Contrary to traditional approaches relying on statistics and logic, we will present an overview of our achievements in society development reconstruction covering both structural and dynamic aspects using complex network analysis (CNA) and hidden Markov models (HMM). Our research is based on diachronic occurrences of titles held by officials of various social status. The presence of a social stratification structure can be demonstrated by specialized bipartite (people – titles) network visualizations, and by various data mining methods including classical categorical data clustering and bi-clustering techniques with similarities such as Jaccard index and mutual information. Great achievements regarding administrative development dynamics have been reached by applying a method based on HMM to sequences of titles held by viziers, the highest officials. The system is capable of automatic identification of major changes and transitions within society and the bureaucracy. We will present also results aimed at the recovery of the structure of Old Kingdom society obtained by the use of CNA, particularly of community detection methods. The approaches will be exemplified by selected case studies from the Fourth to Sixth Dynasties. Czech archaeologists discovered the well from the 7th century Archaeologists have discovered the oldest well in the region near Liběšovice in the Podbořany region. It dates from the second half of the 7th century AD. It is the oldest early medieval well in the Czech lands. Liběšovice is a village, part of the town Blšany in the district Louny. It is located about three kilometers northeast of Blšany. In 2011, 150 inhabitants lived here permanently. Liběšovice locality is also an important archaeological site of a Czech prehistory finds. early medieval well from Liběšovice the Paleolithic finds from Liběšovice (foto Museum Žatec) Another wooden roof well, which archaeologists found during a survey under the future D35 motorway near Ostrov in the Pardubice Region (2020), is the oldest prehistoric wooden structure in the world. the Neolithic well from Ostrov Czech-American Landscapes Old Country Roots: Czech-American Landscapes, an illustrated lecture by David Murphy. Nebraska State Historical Society Brown Bag Lecture Series, November 1996.  Czech Nebraskans are residents of the state of Nebraska who are of Czech ancestry. As of the 2000 U.S. Census, Czech-Americans living in Nebraska make up 5.5% of the state's population, the largest percentage of any state. 3,295 Nebraskans can speak the Czech language. Hrbkova has estimated that of the 539,392 Bohemians counted in the 1910 Census, about one eighth lived in Nebraska. Various fraternal orders, and thirteen Komensky educational clubs were established in Nebraska. The Sokol society had organizations in Crete and in Wilber. A Czech language newspaper, the Pokrok Západu (Progress of the West), was founded in Omaha in 1871. Other Czech language newspapers in Nebraska include Přítel Lidu (People's Friend), Ozvěna Západu (Echo of the West), and Wilberské Listy. A state organization for Czech Nebraskans, Nebraska Czechs Inc., was formed in 1963. Z.C.B.J. Opera House, an opera house in Verdigre that served as a meeting hall for National Czech and Slovak Museum in Iowa What began as a community effort by a group of second and third-generation descendants of Czech immigrants in 1974 as an effort to preserve Czech heritage and culture evolved into national museum for everyone regardless of ethnic and cultural background. The National Czech & Slovak Museum & Library celebrates life: Czech life, Slovak life, American life. We preserve the past to understand the present in preparation for the future. At the National Czech & Slovak Museum & Library, our story is your story and with your continued financial support, it will be a story for future generations, too.   The NCSML preserves, presents, and transcends unique stories of Czech and Slovak history and culture through innovative experiences and active engagement to reach cross-cultural audiences locally, nationally, and internationally. The NCSML is an innovative leader in lifelong learning, community building, and cultural connections. We encourage self-discovery for all ages so that the stories of freedom, identity, family, and community will live on for future generations. ‘The Charles Bridge, Peter Parler and the First Bohemian Net Vault’ Dr Jana Gajdosova, Lecturer, University of Cambridge   Throughout its history, Charles Bridge has suffered several disasters and witnessed many historic events. Czech legend has it that construction began on Charles Bridge at 5:31am on 9 July 1357 with the first stone being laid by Charles IV himself. This exact time was very important to the Holy Roman Emperor because he was a strong believer in numerology and felt that this specific time, which formed a palindrome (1357 9/7 5:31), was a numerical bridge, and would imbue Charles Bridge with additional strength. The bridge was completed 45 years later in 1402. A flood in 1432 damaged three pillars. In 1496 the third arch (counting from the Old Town side) broke down after one of the pillars lowered, being undermined by the water (repairs were finished in 1503). A year after the Battle of White Mountain, when the 27 leaders of the anti-Habsburg revolt were executed on 21 June 1621, the Old Town Bridge Tower served as a deterrent display of the severed heads of the victims to stop Czechs from further resistance. During the end of the Thirty Years' War in 1648, the Swedes occupied the west bank of the Vltava, and as they tried to advance into the Old Town the heaviest fighting took place right on the bridge. During the fighting, they severely damaged one side of the Old Town bridge tower (the side facing the river) and the remnants of almost all gothic decorations had to be removed from it afterward. During the late 17th century and early 18th century the bridge gained its typical appearance when an alley of baroque statues was installed on the pillars. During a great flood in 1784, five pillars were severely damaged and, although the arches did not break down, the traffic on the bridge had to be greatly restricted for some time. The original stairway to Kampa Island was replaced by a new one in 1844. The next year, another great flood threatened the bridge, but the bridge escaped major damage. In 1848, during the revolutionary days, the bridge escaped unharmed from the cannonade, but some of the statues were damaged. In 1866, pseudo-gothic gas lights were erected on the balustrade; they were later replaced with electric lighting. In the 1870s, the first regular public-transport (omnibus) line went over the bridge (officially called "Charles Bridge" after 1870) later replaced by a horse tram. The bridge towers underwent a thorough reconstruction between 1874 and 1883. Peter Parler was a German-Bohemian architect and sculptor from the Parler family of master builders. Along with his father, Heinrich Parler, he is one of the most prominent and influential craftsmen of the Middle Ages. Born and apprenticed in the town of Schwäbisch Gmünd, Peter worked at several important late Medieval building sites, including Strasbourg, Cologne, and Nuremberg. After 1356 he lived in Prague, capital of the Kingdom of Bohemia and seat of the Holy Roman Empire, where he created his most famous works: St. Vitus Cathedral and the Charles Bridge.     He died in Prague in 1399 and was buried at St. Vitus Cathedral, with his sons Peter and Wenzel carrying on his work. Bohemia City, and Bohemia Mountain  Bohemia Mountain is a mountain in the Cascade Range of the U.S. state of Oregon, within the Umpqua National Forest. Its elevation is 5,994 feet (1,827 m). A trail traverses the mountain and leads to the summit. There is a location east of the trail's end where on a clear day one can see Mount Shasta, Mount Hood, and other peaks of the Cascades. Camping is available in the area. An abundance of wildflowers and plants bloom on the mountain from late June to mid-August, which attracts butterflies to the area.   Bohemia Mountain The Bohemia Mountain is the ghost town  which once consisted of houses, hotels and a saloon, but now only an old post office (1893-1922) and some mining equipment remain, as well as the now closed off Musick Mine.  The first gold in this area was discovered in 1858. In 1863 Czech imigrant Bohemia Johnson (an outlaw who was on the run for killing an American Indian in Roseburg) found gold.  He and some other miners formed the mining district in 1867.  Musick Mine was named after James Musick who came to mine the area in 1891 and discovered more gold in the area.  The area is known to have been mined for gold, silver, lead, copper, and zinc. Gravettian-Pavlovian culture in the region of Moravia The Gravettians were hunter-gatherers who lived in a bitterly cold period of European prehistory, and Gravettian lifestyle was shaped by the climate. Pleniglacial environmental changes forced them to adapt. West and Central Europe were extremely cold during this period. Archaeologists usually describe two regional variants: the western Gravettian, known mainly from cave sites in France, Spain and Britain, and the eastern Gravettian in Central Europe and Russia. The eastern Gravettians, which include the Pavlovian culture, were specialized mammoth hunters, whose remains are usually found not in caves but in open air sites. Gravettian culture thrived on their ability to hunt animals. They utilized a variety of tools and hunting strategies. Compared to theorized hunting techniques of Neanderthals and earlier human groups, Gravettian hunting culture appears much more mobile and complex. They lived in caves or semi-subterranean or rounded dwellings which were typically arranged in small "villages". Gravettians are thought to have been innovative in the development of tools such as blunted-back knives, tanged arrowheads and boomerangs. Other innovations include the use of woven nets and oil lamps made of stone. Blades and bladelets were used to make decorations and bone tools from animal remains. The Pavlovian is an Upper Paleolithic culture, a variant of the Gravettian, that existed in the region of Moravia, northern Austria and southern Poland around 29,000 – 25,000 years BP. The culture used sophisticated stone age technology to survive in the tundra on the fringe of the ice sheets around the Last Glacial Maximum. Its economy was principally based on the hunting of mammoth herds for meat, fat fuel, hides for tents and large bones and tusks for building winter shelters. Its name is derived from the village of Pavlov, in the Pavlov Hills, next to Dolní Věstonice in southern Moravia. The site was excavated in 1952 by the Czechoslovakian archaeologist Bohuslav Klima. Another important Pavlovian site is Předmostí, now part of the town of Přerov. Excavation has yielded flint implements, polished and drilled stone artifacts, bone spearheads, needles, digging tools, flutes, bone ornaments, drilled animal teeth, and seashells. Art or religious finds are bone carvings and figurines of humans and animals made of mammoth tusk, stone, and fired clay. Textile impression made into wet clay give the oldest proof of the existence of weaving by humans. Celtic sapropelite bracelets from Bohemia Švartna or sapropelite is a dull black Mesozoic sediment, a flammable shale that originated from organic mud (sapropel), and therefore contains the remains of unicellular organisms or plants. In the Czech territory, it was found mainly in coal seams in the micro-regions Kounovsko, Poddžbánsko, Novostrašecko and Slánsko. according to Pleiner (1978 in Waldhauser et al., 1999)   The Celts, living about 300 years BC near these hills, in the vicinity of Nový Strašecí, they mined coal, and also used it in their iron furnaces and blacksmith furnaces. So they discovered the properties of the "Švartna" and began to make the famous sapropelite jewelery from it. It is estimated that up to tens of thousands of them were produced during the La Tène period. The black bracelets are smooth, one to two centimeters wide and noticeably light, which may resemble exotic wood products. The largest workshop was discovered in Mšecké Žehrovice. The black bracelets are smooth, one to two centimeters wide and noticeably light, which may resemble exotic wood products. A sapropelite bracelet the Celts wore mainly on their left hand. The Celtic jewelry in the collection of the West Bohemian Museum in Pilsen. A Bracelets or a beads are made by cutting a rough shape with a sharp tool and then carefully grinding them with a sandstone grinder. The surface of the jewelry is then further polished. The Celtic head from Mšecké Žehrovice Reference: VENCLOVÁ, Natalie. Keltové na Slánsku a Rakovnicku. In: Slánské rozhovory 2007, Rakovník–Slaný. Slaný: Vlastivědné muzeum Slaný, Město Slaný, Státní okresní archiv Rakovník, 2008. Dostupné online. ISBN 978-80-254-3036-1. S. 8. Avertok Archaeology Project – Moravian Graveyard Hopedale (Inuit language: Agvituk) is a town located in the north of Labrador, the mainland portion of the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador.At the request of the community of Hopedale, Nunatsiavut the Avertok Archaeology Project conducted a partial survey of the Old Moravian Graveyard in Hopedale. Directed by Rosie Edmunds. Hopedale was founded as an Inuit settlement named Agvituk, Inuktitut for "place of the whales". In 1782, Moravian missionaries from Germany arrived in the area to convert the population. They renamed the settlement Hopedale (Hoffental in German) shortly afterward. The Hopedale Mission is still standing and is thought to be the oldest wooden-frame building in Canada standing east of Quebec. As such, it was named a National Historic Site of Canada. It is currently run by the Agvituk Historical Society as a part of a museum on the history of missionaries in the area. From 1953 to 1968 a joint Royal Canadian Air Force-United States Air Force's Hopedale Air Station was located on the hills above Hopedale. Civilian personnel lived in the main part of town. Since 1968 the area has remained abandoned other than maintenance of non-military communications towers nearby.  The Inuit Community Government of Hopedale, Nunatsiavut, initiated the Avertok Archaeology Project to generate tourism activity and support local interest in the history of Hopedale. The project aims to explore the history of Hopedale through the application of community knowledge to an examination of the Avertok archaeological site (GiCb-01) and a ground-penetrating radar (GPR) survey of the Moravian Cemetery in Hopedale. Avertok is a large Inuit whaling site that was an important part of the Inuit-European coastal trade network during the 16th to 18th centuries. The site is located within the current boundaries of the Hamlet of Hopedale and remains culturally important to the people of the community. However, modern homes, road construction, and water and sewer work have all impacted Avertok and much of the site has unfortunately been destroyed. The Hopedale community requested the project conduct an archaeological survey of areas identified by the community that possibly contain intact deposits from the site in order to study and protect them.   On the Track of Czechs in Canada: https://www.academia.edu/26218019/On_the_Track_of_Czechs_in_Canada Wachovia in Bethabara Bethabara Historic District encompasses the surviving buildings and archaeological remains of a small Moravian community, that was first settled in 1753. Located in present-day Forsyth County, North Carolina, it is now a public park of the city of Winston-Salem. It was designated National Historic Landmark in 1999. Around the Mid 1990s a new expressway was built to help those going to Stanleyville and surrounding areas without going through Bethabara Road.  Wachovia was the area settled by Moravians in what is now Forsyth County, North Carolina, US. Of the six eighteenth-century Moravian "villages of the Lord" established in Wachovia, today, the town of Bethania, North Carolina and city of Winston-Salem exist within the historic Wachovia tract. The Moravian Archives in Winston-Salem has a map of the original Wachovia tract, showing the approximate locations of the first six Moravian congregations and the approximate current boundaries of Winston-Salem and Forsyth County.   Excavated cellar of the 1762 Smith's House. RICOMET 2021 Making nuclear cultural heritage: An institutional challenge for the nuclear industry? RICOMET session organized by SHARE & Egle Rindzeviciute (Kingston University) presenting the views on how nuclear sites (could) evolve into heritage sites. Focusing on the institutional and cultural processes connected to such evolutions, particular attention is directed to the sharing of experience, knowledge and responsibilities beyond sectorial boundaries. The role of international organizations like IAEA, OECD NEA and UNESCO is explored, as they are key mediators in the process of making nuclear heritage. Great Moravian elites from Mikulčice source: http://asep.lib.cas.cz/arl-cav/cs/detail/?zf=TF_UN_RIV&idx=cav_un_epca-3*0541123 The Great Moravian Elites from Mikulčice (GME) is a collective monograph by 35 authors. It provides a comprehensive interdisciplinary account of the social elites in early medieval Mikulčice. The first part of the book describes Great Moravia as a power-political formation on the periphery of the ninth-century Carolingian Empire from a historical point of view. The following two parts bring archaeological evidence that Mikulčice served as both the seat and burial ground of the Moravian princes, with several categories of finds, primarily from graves, revealing signs of power, wealth and worship. The final part presents the results of bioarchaeological research into the skeletal remains from several hundred supposedly elite graves at Mikulčice. Prehistoric hearths in the Kokořín region source:https://www.idnes.cz/praha/zpravy/kokorin-ohniste-lovci-sberaci-archeologove-nalez.A210922_084600_praha-zpravy_rsr Archaeologists have found the remains of two hearths from the Mesolithic period in rock overhangs in the Kokořín region. According to experts, this is an extraordinary find, which brings further fragments about the life of the last hunters and gatherers. In addition to the hearths of hunters and gatherers, there were also remains of a tramp camp in the upper layers. from Novinky.cz There are traces of pole construction around the hearths. Prehistoric people left identical fireplaces and similar tracks in the hearts, which are almost four kilometers. According to experts, it could even be remnants of the life of one group, although this can certainly not be proven on the basis of archaeological sources.  TIME OF TRANSITION BURIAL RITES AND SETTLEMENTS MIDDLE BRONZE AGE MORAVIA The objective of this paper is present the situation in Moravia (Czech Republic) in the middle Bronze Age (local 1600/1550–1300/1250 BC) in connection to changes of burial rites and settlement. In the first part, we try to answer on the basis of funeral rites and the new C14 data, when the Early Bronze Age ends. Subsequently, how the burial rite changes in several steps, not only in terms of inhumation and the cremation. We present the cremation burial rite prevails for the beginning of the Late Bronze Age and for the start of urn cemeteries. Then we show the structural change in Middle Bronze Age settlement, which is represented in Moravia with dispersed lowland sites, recurring structures of timber framed and post hole houses and the transformation of settlement features. The occurrence of hilltop settlements is still assumed only at the beginning and at the end of the Middle Bronze Age. From this point of view is short time of the Middle Bronze Age a period of significant transition that is conditioned by economic prosperity. We can see changes in crop husbandry and sufficiency of used metal. The question remains whether the increasing number of archaeological traces is related to real population growth or a change in the nature of the living culture. Pet Dog Finds Hundreds Of King Wenceslas Silver Coins Czech archaeologists have unveiled what they are hailing as one of the most significant finds in the country's recent history of a clay pot containing hundreds of King Wenceslas silver coins - that were dug up by a dog. The Czech dog walker, who was not named, was passing through some woods with his dog 'Masa' who whilst digging around the dirt unearthed the treasure in the village of Usti in the Zlin region of Czechia earlier this month (September). The dog's owner picked up the small pot filled with silver coins and immediately felt that Masa had uncovered something very valuable. The man decided not to hold onto the coins and handed them over to the Valasske Regional Museum. The museum said in a statement that they released on Monday (13th September): "One of the most valuable archaeological finds in the history of our region is being investigated by experts from the Museum of the Wallachian Region." It went on: "A clay mug full of silver Prague groschen from the 14th century was handed over by a man who discovered the treasure together with friends on a walk with a dog in the village of Usti." King Wenceslas II was one of the most important of the Czech Kings and in his time built a great Empire that included taking over the crowns of Bohemia, Hungary and Poland. Bohemia was the kingdom's largest producer of silver in Europe at the time, and he capitalised on this by creating the silver penny that has now been discovered in the clay pot. It was to become one of the most important European coins for centuries. The mine from which it came was found in Kutna Hora in Central Bohemia and the King assumed control of it to make silver production a royal monopoly and then started to issue the Prague groschen or 'penny' in English. The number of coins produced was very high because the Kutna Hora mine was one of the richest European silver strikes ever. Between 1300 and 1340 the mine is estimated to have been generating as much as 20 tons of silver a year. The dog walker that found the coins told the museum: "Masa dug the clay pot from under the ground during a walk. The pot was only buried a few centimetres under the ground." He added: "I could see the coins hanging out of the small container which immediately made it clear that it was some sort of ancient treasure." Samuel Spanihel, the archaeologist at the museum leading the research into the find, said: "We returned to the site hoping to find more artefacts but there doesn't appear to be anything else there." The museum said that the initial analysis of the coins has shown that the protruding coins were indeed Prague groschen from the second half of the 14th century. But although they initially believed there were only a few, a CT scan was then carried out on the pot revealed that there were hundreds of other coins below the top layer. On 8th September the pot was dismantled revealing 374 coins and three other coins that are stuck together and are for this reason not identifiable. The Prague groschen in the pot were all issued by Wenceslaus II of Bohemia in the 14th century in the Kingdom of Bohemia and became widely used across much of Medieval Europe. Spanihel said: "I would like to thank the honest finders for handing over the treasure. They have helped reveal another piece of the region's history and will also allow the public to see these beautiful coins" The experts at the museum are continuing their research and they hope that within a year they will have built an accurate picture of the history of the coins. Once they are finished with their investigation the coins will go on display at the museum. Lukas Hanzl, the editor Hanzllukas@seznam.cz -------------------------------------------------------------- Dear colleagues, allow me to introduce me  first. My name is Lukáš Hanzl. I am the editor of this journal, who tries to inform you about the state and a activity of archaeology  in our country and also about a activity of Czech archaeologists abroad. It's a very challenging task to pick from the vast amount of archeological discoveries and actities and figure out what is really right for you". I hope at least a bit I have reached that goal.   We would love your contributions concerning Czech archeology to the Czech Archaeology News webpage, so also you can help me improve the quality of this magazine. The postbox is the place to air your views on any aspect: Hanzl lukas@seznam.cz 34