[go: up one dir, main page]

Academia.eduAcademia.edu
Gerund and to-Infinitive 1. Gerund( danh động từ ) Gerund là dạng động từ thêm -ing (V-ing) được dùng như danh từ.  * Verbs followed by Gerund ( with no prepositions): admit, deny, avoid, appreciate, consider, discuss, detest, dislike , escape, excuse, fancy, imagine, involve, finish, forgive, miss, quit, understand, give up ( = stop), keep (on), mind, prevent, practice, postpone = put off = delay, recall, report, recent, resist, risk, recall = recollect, save, suggest, tolerate ( = put up with ), like/enjoy/love, hate/loathe/dread, can't help, can't resist, can't stand, can't bear. * Verbs + prepositions: apologize for, accuse of, insist on, feel like, congratulate on, suspect of, look forward to, dream of, succeed in, object to, approve/disapprove of. * Expressions followed by Gerund:  - It's no use / It's no good... - There's no point ( in)... - It's ( not) worth ... - Have difficult ( in) ... - It's a waste of time/ money ... - Spend/ waste time/money ... - Be/ get used to ... - Be/ get accustomed to ... - Do/ Would you mind ... ? - be busy doing something - What about ... ? How about ...? - Go + V-ing ( go shopping, go swimming... ) * Verbs followed by to-Inf: ask, agree, arrange, afford, aim, attempt, claim, choose, decide, decline, deverse, demand, desire, fail, hesitate, help, want, need, expect, happen, learn, manage, offer, plan, intend, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, seem ( = appear), hope, wish, threaten, tend, swear, turn out. - have to + inf - be able to + inf - be going to + inf - be willing to + inf - Would you like/love/ prefer/hate + to-inf? - dare + to-inf/bare inf Ex:  I wouldn't dare ( to) talk to him. - dare not + bare inf - seem/appear/pretend + to be V-ing / to have done Ex:  I pretend to be reading. You seem to have lost weight. - can't afford - can't wait - make up one's mind - take care - take the trouble - make sure * Verbs + Object + to-inf / not to-inf: ask/ tell, assist, beg, believe, cause, command = order, consider, convince, direct, drive, urge, enable, forbid, threaten, expect, force = oblige, hire, help, invite, need, want, persuade, remind, require, request, teach, instruct, warn. * Verbs + Object + to-inf/ V-ing: advise, recommend, encourage, allow, permit, love, like, hate, prefer, begin, bother, cause, start, intend, continue, go on, mean, regret, remember, forget, stop, try, need - go on + to-inf: chỉ sự thay đổi của hành động go on + v-ing: chỉ sự liên tục của hành động - mean + to-inf: chỉ dự định hoặc ý định mean + v-ing: chỉ sự liên quan hoặc kết quả - regret + to-inf: lấy làm tiếc về điều đang làm hoặc sắp phải làm regret + v-ing: hối tiếc về điều gì đó đã xảy ra trong quá khứ - remember/forget + to-inf: chỉ hành động xảy ra sau khi nhớ/quên remember/forget + v-ing: chỉ hành động xảy ra trước khi nhớ/quên - stop + to-inf: ngừng lại để làm việc gì đó stop + v-ing: ngừng làm việc gì - try + to-inf: chỉ sự nỗ lực ( cố gắng) try + v-ing: chỉ sự thử nghiệm - need + to-inf: cần/phải làm điều gì need + v-ing: cần/phải được làm điều gì ( dạng thụ động) Note: want/need + v-ing = want/need ( passive meaning) Ex: Your hair is rather long. It needs cutting. ( need to be cut)