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This article examines the British humanitarian relief campaign initiated by the Committee for Relieving the Distresses in Germany and Other Parts of the Continent (1805–1815). It demonstrates the significance of two aspects for the campaign: the activism of London-based immigrant communities on the one hand, and British solidarity with allied countries during the Napoleonic Wars and the related matter of national mobilisation against France on the other. While immigrant activism was a major driving force of the campaign, its impact depended on the integration of immigrants into British society and on the mobilisation of Britons. Moreover, while the alliance with German states was often underlined in the publicity efforts of the campaign, wider humanitarian concerns were also addressed.
1999 •
Recent scholarship has focused on the response of Jews in the free world to the plight of European Jewry in Nazi-occupied Europe. The work of Anglo- Jewish refugee organisations in facilitating the arrival of over 50,000 refugees in Britain between 1933-1939 has been variously chronicled as a model of charitable endeavour and a half-hearted effort cramped by insecurity and self- interest. More consistently, scholars argue that Anglo-Jewry failed to respond to the catastrophe of the war years with the resolution and vigour that might have saved more lives. This thesis takes issue with the current consensus on both the pre-war and war periods. Anglo-Jewry was a confident, well-integrated community which tackled the escalating problems of refugee immigration in the 1930s with common sense and administrative expertise born of a long tradition of communal charity. Its achievement is all the more remarkable measured against the scale of the disaster, the constraints of government immigrat...
Even before the first shots were fired, and most certainly after, a wave of patriotism swept across Britain in the summer weeks of 1914, finally war! This mass engagement with perceived adventure and bravery was prolonged on the back of tens of thousands of Belgians who sought refuge in Britain. Romantic imagery of divine Britannia eager to defend Gallant Little Belgium alternated with numerous posters of dire scenes of destitute people, ready to be received by the gallant host nation, or of ‘Remember Belgium’ and women fleeing with their little children. Belgian refugees were used as a vivid reminder why Britain went to war in the first place. Belgians on the run even featured in letters by Rupert Brooke and poems by Thomas Hardy. Moreover, the entire Belgian refugee experience to a large extent was reproduced as a near romantic one for Belgians and British alike. The Belgians in Britain had become such an intrinsic part of a romantic display in relation to the war – altogether a very cynical one – that even well after Christmas – when the war would be over – Belgians continued to be part and parcel of charity and patriotic events. When Emile Verhaeren died, a commemoration was held in London and the Belgian poet was feted as if he were a true Brit. And yet, soon after the war the history of the Belgian refugees in Britain during the First World War become a story that was long overlooked. Even the context of its most renowned by-product, Hercule Poirot, became a footnote. The story of the Belgians in Britain simply was characterised by forgetfulness. This already set about during the war years, when authors like Virginia Woolf wondered about the alien habits of the refugees, Henry James who reflected on the relation between history and displacement and Thomas Hardy who wrote a critical poem about vinkensport. Hundred years on, the years leading up to the Centenary period, and most certainly during, provided an antidote to that forgetfulness. Increased academic attention, numerous local history projects and many larger remembrance events included an element of the Belgians in exile in Britain or focused on it entirely. Often the commemoration experience to a large extent glorified the warm welcome provided to the refugees, typically in contrast with today’s situation. This paper aims to relive the romantic wave of empathy that met the Belgians upon arrival in Britain, to provide context to the patriotic response of their accommodation and to pose a few contrastive elements in relation to Belgians seeking refuge again in Britain in the Second World War and non-Belgian refugees seeking a better world in Britain and Belgium today.
Immigrants & Minorities
To Aid the Fatherland. German-Americans, Transatlantic Relief Work and American Neutrality, 1914-172017 •
This article explores German-American war relief for Germany during World War I, concentrating on the period of American neutrality, 1914-17. Based on financial ledgers, meeting protocols and the publications of ethnic organizations, it shows how German-American charity served as a force of mobilization on behalf of the old fatherland after August 1914 even as American public sentiments turned increasingly hostile towards Germany. The article nuances common notions of American humanitarianism during the period of neutrality and broadens our understanding of how German-Americans (and by extension, ethnic groups more generally) tried to balance political loyalty to their "hostland" with emotional attachment to their "homeland."
Close Encounters in War Journal
The Odd Case of the Welcome Refugee in Wartime Britain: Uneasy Numbers, Disappearing Acts and Forgetfulness Regarding Belgian Refugees in the First World War2019 •
With about 265,000 Belgian refugees staying in Britain at one time during the First World War, reflections on this transnational and cross-cultural story of welcome and accommodation at times of conflict merits continued attention. This articleaims to provide an insight into several warfare-related features that characterised the human experience relating to the Belgians in Britain.Abrief literature study confirms the issue of this history having been overlooked for so long. Reception at the time and early perception of the Belgian refugees is studied by means of two publications –the Bryce Report and King Albert's Book. These publications in part steered the very history into later silence and forgetfulness. The British host society faced the fatalities of warfare on a scale that history had not seen until then and within this context Belgians refugees were an equally unconventional presence. However, as Belgian men and women became employed in Britain –mainlyin the war industr...
War and Society
An Infinity of Personal Sacrifice': The Scale and Nature of Charitable Work in Britain during the First World War2008 •
Hitler's rise to power in Germany in January 1933 and the following years' fierce anti-Semitic policies caused massive emigration among the German Jews. One important destination for these emigrants became the United Kingdom. The emigration was articulated among many stakeholders as "the German Jewish Problem". This thesis explores the ways in which British Jewish leaders approached "the German Jewish Problem" in general and assisted the German Jewish emigrants in particular. Through extended archive research in both Israel and England, I present and analyze how three different assemblages of British Jewish leaders – the Board of Deputies, the Central Bureau for the Settlement of German Jews, and the Council for German Jewry - accounted for their relief work vis-à-vis the German Jews. In this way, I unfold “the German Jewish Problem” in the constellation that the relevant relief organisations were giving it through their work. Within the same prism of “British Jewish relief work”, I include both English and Jewish Palestinian immigration activities in order to overcome and re-examine prevailing dichotomies between Jewish and Zionist, and British and Zionist. Hence, I focus on how certain boundaries were being made and re-made within Jewish identification in general and British Jewry in particular through the relief work. It is through following these actors’ attempts to solve the Jewish Problem through relief and emigration work - following the actors’ descriptions, disagreements, and their solution scenarios - that I unfold the concepts of emigration, immigration and refuge in the 1930s Britain.
2024 •
Variability in Earlier Egyptian Mortuary Texts (ed. by Carlos Gracia Zamacona)
Variation as a social device: 'Middle Egyptianisms' in Old Kingdom letters2024 •
2012 •
OPINION IN ALI ŞÎR NEVÂYÎ IN THE SAMPLE OF TURKISH DIVANS
2024, Yıl/Year: 12, Sayı/Issue: 372024 •
2015 •
Archives of Psychiatric Nursing
What is the Evidence for Evidence-Based Practice?2005 •
Journal of Science Education Research
Acceptance and Perception toward Using Digital Technology in the Classroom among Students and Teachers in Ogun State, NigeriaStem Cell Reviews and Reports
Therapeutic Potential of Secreted Molecules Derived from Human Amniotic Fluid Mesenchymal Stem/Stroma Cells in a Mice Model of Colitis2016 •
2019 •
British journal of multidisciplinary and advanced studies
Effects of Total Quality Control Practices On Employee Retention: A Study of Dangote Group of Company Limited Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria2024 •