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2022, Non Sola Scriptura: Essays on the Qur'an and Islam in Honour of William A. Graham
The article discusses al-Maturidi's interpretation of Suara 67 (al-Mulk) and his theory of five principles of interpretation.
Journal of Qur'anic Studies
Exegesis of the ḥurūf al-muqaṭṭaʿa: Polyvalency in Sunnī Traditions of Qur'anic Interpretation2012 •
This paper seeks to explore the wide range of interpretations resulting from the ḥurūf al-muqaṭṭaʿa or ‘the disconnected letters’ of the Qur'an. Typically considered a paradigmatic case of the mutashābih in the Qur'an, exegetes have expended much time and energy speculating over the meaning(s) of these enigmatic graphemes. From the earliest exegetes to the later tradition, a chorus of possibilities and theories are encountered. The traditions of interpretations themselves are a testament to the Qur'an's interpretive plurality throughout the centuries. This paper looks at the long tradition of broadly Sunnī Muslim interpretation in regards to the disconnected letters to uncover the historic expansiveness of Qur'anic hermeneutics. Linguistic, mystical and encyclopaedic approaches are especially highlighted for the sake of emphasising diversity. The paper concludes with an exploration of the ‘limits’ of interpretation as determined by the exegetes in response to the disconnected letters.
JURNAL AL-JAMI'AH
The Methodology of al-Maturidi’s Qur’anic Exegesis: Study of Ta’wilat Ahl al-Sunnah2009 •
According to Islamic theology, al-Maturidi is one of the three prominent Muslim theologians of Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jama'ah who are called aqthab madhhab Ahl al-Sunnah wa’l-Jama ‘ah (the leaders of Sunnite school of thought). In addition to his reputation as a theologian, al-Maturidi actually was competent in various Islamic sciences. In Quranic exegesis, he has Ta’wilat Ahl al-Sunnah or Ta’wilat al-Qur’an. Unfortunately, this fact isn't known well by Islamic researchers. This article is going to elucidate the features of his work that encompass at least seven characteristics. Al-Maturidi prefers to combine the naqli (traditional) and ‘aqli (rational) sources. Consequently, it can be identified as tafsir bi’l-izdiwaj or the exegesis that amalgamates tafsir bi’l-ma’tsur (traditional exegesis) with tafsir bi’l-ra’y (rational exegesis). He is not an interpreter who uses excessive grammatical analysis to interpret the Qura'nic verses. He sometimes presents many styles of qira’ah (recitation of the Qur'an) without thorough explanation. He almost never uses Isra’iliyyat (the Judeo-Christian traditions and tales) to interpret the Qura'nic verses. He favors tawassuth (nonaligned and independent standpoint) when he deals with different viewpoints among theologians. He tends to follow the Hanafite school of thought in discussing the jurisprudential Qura'nic verses. He applies asbab al-nuzul (the causes of revelation) loosely.
MÂTÜRÎDÎ DÜŞÜNCE ve MÂTÜRÎDÎLİK LİTERATÜRÜ
The Doctrine of the Nature of the Qur'an in the Maturidi Tradition2018 •
This paper will demonstrate that the early Māturīdī school of kalām utilized a unique theological formulation to describe the nature of the Qur’ān: “The Qur’ān is the speech of God, and the speech of God is uncreated and not contingent.” This phraseology can first be found in Abū Bakr Muḥammad al-‘Iyāḍī (d. ca. late 4th/10th century)’s Al-Masā’il al-‘Ashr al-‘Iyāḍiyya, and continues to be used by early members of the Māturīdī tradition, including Abū Salama Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad al-Samarqandī’s (ca. 2nd half of the 10th century) and Abū al-Yusr Muḥammad al-Bazdawī (b. ca. 421/1030-493/1099). Abū al-Mu‘īn al-Nasafī (438/1046-508/1115) acknowledges that this phrase was preferred by “our teachers from among the imams of Samarqand”; however, Nasafī himself argues for the adoption of the shorter Ash‘arī phrase: “the Qur’ān is uncreated,” which became widely used thereafter due to the establishment of Nasafī’s Tabṣirat al-Adilla fī Uṣūl al-Dīn as the single authoritative manual of Māturīdī doctrine. By discussing in detail the theological language used by both pre- and post- Nasafī era Māturīdī theologians, this paper makes two principal arguments. First, that this early formulation was consciously preferred by the early Māturīdī theologians due to the most important point that Māturīdī himself makes in his Kitāb al-Tawḥīd¬: that there is a distinction between 1) the physical means of delivering the Qur’ān as the speech of God and 2) the content of the Qur’ān itself. In short, the former is created and the latter is not, according to Māturīdī. The use of this phraseology was meant to emphasize this understanding, and also distance Māturīdī theology from other possible formulations of the nature of the Qur’ān, most notable that of the Ḥanābila, as Nasafī himself explains. Second, this paper argues that this change in theological formulations regarding the nature of the Qur’ān provides evidence of the existence two clear periods in the history of the Māturīdī school: a pre-Nasafī and post-Nasafī period, where the post-Nasafī period involved the assimilation of Māturīdī theological language into an Ash‘arī framework. Thus, this paper is meant to both clarify the position of the early Māturīdī school on the important issue of the nature of the Qur’ān, and also contribute to a clearer understanding of Nasafī’s role in the periodization and development of the Māturīdī school tradition.
Modernleşme Protestanlaşma ve Selefîleşme
There Are No Literalists: Early Sunnis and Interpretation in Theology and Law2019 •
This paper demonstrates how, despite their commitment to sticking closely to the revealed word of the Quran and the Prophet's teachings, early Sunnis (authors of the Six Book Hadith collections) in the 800s CE were far from literalist, reading scripture through rational, doctrinal and even empirical interpretive lenses.
Reason, Esotericism, and Authority in Shiʿi Islam
Principles of Fatimid Symbolic Interpretation (Taʾwīl): An Analysis Based on the Majālis Muʾayyadiyya of al-Muʾayyad al-Shīrāzī (d. 470/1078)2021 •
in The Construction of Belief: Reflections on the Thought of Mohammed Arkoun, ed. Abdou Filali-Ansary and Aziz Esmail (London: Saqi Books/ISMC), pp. 168-193
'Citational Exegesis of the Qur'an: Towards a Theoretical Framework for the Construction of Meaning in Classical Islamic Thought. The Case of the Epistles of the Pure Brethren (Rasāʾil Ikhwān al-Ṣafāʾ) 'International Journal of Business and Social Science
Exegesis Methodology of Al-Maturidi2010 •
J. Blecher, S. Brinkmann (Eds.), Hadith Commentary: Continuity and Change, University Press, Edinburgh
The Hermeneutics of al-Sharīf al-Murtaḍā: The Interpretation of akhbār al-āḥād in Kitāb al-Amālī2023 •
The chapter discusses Shi‘i intellectual thought and the hermeneutical approach to isolated traditions (akhbār al-āḥād) of the fifth-/eleventh-century luminary al-Sharīf al-Murtaḍā. Aghaei shows that al-Murtaḍā developed a distinct methodology to interpret hadith by applying a combination of Muʿtazilī and Shi‘i principles.
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