The role of batteries towards mitigating the challenge of intermittent nature of solar and wind electricity supply cannot be over-emphasised. Batteries are essential complements to solar and wind electricity as we seek to increase the proportion of renewable electricity in the global energy mix. Since batteries are devices for chemical-electrical energy inter-conversion, their usefulness depends on chemistry. This makes it imperative to improve on the chemistries of existing commercial batteries for grid-scale electricity storage applications. In this contribution, we examined the chemistries of lead-acid, zinc-alkaline, lithium ion, aluminium and liquid metal batteries vis-a-vis their utility for grid-scale electricity storage. Simple assembly and rugged cell operation are key advantages of lead-acid batteries despite their low specific capacity. Poor cycle life span and low cell voltage are the main weaknesses of zinc-alkaline batteries. Emerging zinc ion batteries with improve cy...
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