ARCHITECTURE AND THE AFTERLIFE: A SPATIAL
ANALYSIS OF MORTUARY BEHAVIOR AT
UNIVERSITY INDIAN RUIN
y;Iｴ;Wﾉ"cく"0 S
Y;ﾏW "~く" ; ﾗﾐ
} ;ﾐﾐW"[く"Eｷ ｴ
v; ﾉ"yく"Eｷ ｴ
ABSTRACT
# Iｴｷ WI ;ﾉ" Iﾗﾐ
I ﾗﾐ" ﾐSW Wﾐ " ;" ｷｪﾐｷgI;ﾐ " ;ﾐ aﾗ ど
ﾏ; ﾗﾐ" a ﾗﾏ" ｴW" Kﾗｴﾗﾆ;ﾏ" v W‐1ﾉ; ｷI" ふ#く7く" Αヰヰ‐ヱヱヵヰぶ" ﾗ" 1ﾉ; ｷI"
W ｷﾗS"ふ#く7く"ヱヱヵヰ‐ヱヴヵヰぶき"a ﾗﾏ"H;ﾉﾉ"Iﾗ
";ﾐS" ｷ "ｴﾗ W"ｪ ﾗ " ﾗ"
ﾉ; ﾗ ﾏ" ﾏﾗ ﾐS " ;ﾐS" ;SﾗHW‐ ;ﾉﾉWS" Iﾗﾏ ﾗ ﾐS く" ~ｴW W" Iｴ;ﾐｪW "
W｡WI " ｴW" ; ﾗﾐｷﾐｪ" ﾗa" ﾗIｷ;ﾉが" ﾗﾉｷ I;ﾉが" ;ﾐS" Wﾉｷｪｷﾗ " ;IW" ﾗ"
a;Iｷﾉｷ ; W" SｷdW Wﾐ ;ﾉ" ;IIW " ｷ ｴｷﾐ" ｷ W く" # " ⁄ﾐｷ W ｷ " NﾐSｷ;ﾐ" y ｷﾐ"
ふ#́" 00ぎ" Γぎンンぶが" ;" 1ﾉ; ｷI" W ｷﾗS" ﾉ; ﾗ ﾏ" ﾏﾗ ﾐS" ｷ W" ｷﾐ" ｴW" ~ I ﾗﾐ"
0; ｷﾐが"ﾏﾗ ; "aW; W " W W"Iﾗﾏﾏﾗﾐﾉ "ﾉﾗI; WS" ｷ ｴｷﾐ" ﾗﾗﾏ " ﾗ "
;ﾉﾗﾐｪ" ;ﾉﾉ " ﾗ ｷSW" ﾗa" ﾗﾗﾏ が" ;ﾐS" ﾗｦWﾐ" ｷﾐ" Sｷ I W W" Iﾉ W く" W"
ｴW Waﾗ W" ｴ ﾗ ｴW ｷ W" ｴ; " ｴW W" ｷ " ;" Sｷ WI " ; ﾗIｷ; ﾗﾐ" HW WWﾐ"
ｷﾐ W ﾏWﾐ ";ﾐS"; Iｴｷ WI ;ﾉ" ﾐｷ "; "⁄ﾐｷ W ｷ "NﾐSｷ;ﾐ"y ｷﾐ"ふ⁄Nyぶね
;" ; W ﾐ" ｴ; " ﾉWｪｷ ﾏｷ WS" ｷﾐｴW ｷ ;ﾐIW" ;ﾏﾗﾐｪ" ｴﾗ W" ﾏWﾏHW " ｷﾐど
ｴ;Hｷ ﾐｪ" ; ﾗﾐWS" ;IWく"yW ﾉ "ﾗa";"Iｴｷ‐ ; W";ﾐ;ﾉ ｷ "ｷﾐSｷI; W"
ｴ; " ｴW" a W WﾐI " ﾗa" ﾏﾗ ; " aW; W " ; ﾗIｷ; WS" ｷ ｴ" ; Iｴｷ WIど
W" ふヶヶくヱХぶ" ｷ " ｪ W; W " ｴ;ﾐ" W WI WSく" E ｴW " ;ﾐ;ﾉ ｷ " ﾗa" Iｴ; ;Iど
W ｷ I "ﾗa" ｴW W"ﾏﾗ ; "aW; W "ふ} W; ﾏ;ﾐ"Iﾗ Wﾉ; ﾗﾐぶ"ｷSWﾐ a "
ｷｪﾐｷgI;ﾐ " Wﾉ; ﾗﾐ ｴｷ " HW WWﾐ" ヱぶ" H ｷ;ﾉ" W" ;ﾐS" ｷ W" ﾉﾗI が" ヲぶ"
H ｷ;ﾉ" W";ﾐS"ｪ ﾗ ｷﾐｪ"ﾗa"ｷﾐSｷ ｷS ;ﾉ が"ンぶ"H ｷ;ﾉ" W";ﾐS"; a;I "
ふIW ;ﾏｷIぶ" Wが";ﾐS"ヴぶ" ｷ W"ﾉﾗI ";ﾐS"; a;I "ふIW ;ﾏｷIぶ" Wく"j W ど
;ﾉﾉが"ﾗ " W ﾉ "SWﾏﾗﾐ ; W";" ｷｪﾐｷgI;ﾐ "; ﾗIｷ; ﾗﾐ"HW WWﾐ"; Iｴｷど
WI W" ;ﾐS" ﾏﾗ ; " aW; W " ; " ⁄Nyが" ;ﾐS" W" ｪｪW " ｴ; " SWIｷど
ｷﾗﾐ " ﾏ;SW" H " ｴW" ﾉｷ ｷﾐｪ" ｴWﾐ" H ｷﾐｪ" ｴW" SW;S" Wｷﾐaﾗ IWS" ﾗIｷ;ﾉ"
Sｷ ﾐI ﾗﾐ ";ﾐS"Iﾗ ﾗ ; W"ｷﾐｴW ｷ ;ﾐIW" ｷ ｴｷﾐ"Kﾗｴﾗﾆ;ﾏ" ｷ W く"
~ｴW" v W‐1ﾉ; ｷI" ﾗ" 1ﾉ; ｷI" W ｷﾗS" ;ﾐ ｷ ﾗﾐ" ふIｷ I;"
#く7く" ヱヱヰヰぶ" ｷ " WIﾗｪﾐｷ WS" ; " ;" ﾏW" ﾗa" Iﾗﾐ ｷSW ;HﾉW"
Iｴ;ﾐｪW";ﾏﾗﾐｪ"Kﾗｴﾗﾆ;ﾏ"ｪ ﾗ "ｷﾐ"IWﾐ ;ﾉ";ﾐS" ﾗ ｴど
W ﾐ"# ｷ ﾗﾐ;く"N "ｷ "Iｴ; ;I W ｷ WS"H " ﾗ ﾉ; ﾗﾐ";ｪｪ Wｪ;ど
ﾗﾐが" ;" Iｴ;ﾐｪW" ｷﾐ" HﾉｷI" ; Iｴｷ WI Wが" ;ﾐS" Wﾉ;Hﾗ ; ﾗﾐ"
ﾗa"SﾗﾏW I"; Iｴｷ WI W";ﾐS" ; ﾗﾐWS" ;IW"ふ#HHﾗ "
ヲヰヰンき" 0; ﾏ;ﾐ" ヲヰヰヱき" 7ﾗ Wﾉ" ヱΓΑΑき" Eｷ ｴ" ;ﾐS" Eｷ ｴ" ヲヰヰヰき"
K; " ヱΓΑヶぶく" v W‐1ﾉ; ｷI" W ｷﾗS" ふ#7" Αヰヰ‐ヱヱヰヰぶ" Iﾗﾏど
ﾏ ﾐ;ﾉ" H;ﾉﾉ" Iﾗ
" ;ﾐS" ; ﾉW" ;ﾐS" S; H" ｷ "
I W"
W W" W ﾉ;IWS"H " ﾉ; ﾗ ﾏ"ﾏﾗ ﾐS ";ﾐS";Hﾗ W"ｪ ﾗ ﾐS"
;SﾗHW" ﾗﾗﾏ " ｷﾐ" ｴW" 1ﾉ; ｷI" W ｷﾗS" ふ#7" ヱヱヰヰ‐ヱヴヵヰぶ"
ふEｷ ｴ"W ";ﾉく"ヱΓΓヲぶく"~ｴW"ﾗ Wﾐ"; ;ﾐｪWﾏWﾐ "ﾗa"Iﾗ
; S"
ｪ ﾗ " ｷﾐ" ｴW" v W‐1ﾉ; ｷI" W ｷﾗS" ; " W ﾉ;IWS" H " ｴW"
WﾐIﾉﾗ WS" ;IW " ﾗa" Iﾗﾐ ｪ ﾗ " ;SﾗHW" ;ﾉﾉWS" Iﾗﾏど
ﾗ ﾐS "ｷﾐ" ｴW"1ﾉ; ｷI" W ｷﾗS"ふ1 ﾗ ﾐ"ヱΓΓヰき"7ﾗ Wﾉ"ヲヰヰΑき"
;ﾉ ﾗﾐ" ヲヰヰヰが" ヲヰヰΑぶく" cﾗ Wﾗ W が" H ;ﾐ ;ﾉ" Iｴ;ﾐｪW " ｷﾐ"
ﾏﾗ ; "HWｴ; ｷﾗ ";ﾉ ﾗ"ﾗII WS";I ﾗ " ｴW"v W‐1ﾉ; ｷI"
ﾗ" 1ﾉ; ｷI" ;ﾐ ｷ ﾗﾐ" ふ7ﾗ Wﾉ" ;ﾐS" Eｷ ｴ" ヲヰヰヰぶく" ~ｴW W"
;ﾐ aﾗ ﾏ; ﾗﾐ "ｴ; W"HWWﾐ"ｷﾐ W W WS"; " ｴW" ﾗS I "
ﾗa" Iｴ;ﾐｪｷﾐｪ" ﾗIｷ;ﾉ" S ﾐ;ﾏｷI が" IﾗSｷgWS" H " ｴW" WSWgﾐｷど
ﾗﾐ" ﾗa" ; ;ﾉ" Wﾉ; ﾗﾐ ｴｷ " ｷ ｴｷﾐ" ;ﾐS" ;ﾏﾗﾐｪ" Kﾗｴﾗど
ﾆ;ﾏ"Iﾗﾏﾏ ﾐｷ W く
cIF ｷ W" ふヱΓΓヲぶ" ;ﾐS" cｷ IｴWﾉﾉ" ;ﾐS" 0 ﾐ ﾗﾐ‐K;SﾉW "
ふヲヰヰヱぶ" ｪｪW WS" ｴ; " ｴW" ﾉｷ ｷﾐｪ" ｷﾐI W; ｷﾐｪﾉ " ﾉ;IWS"
H ｷ;ﾉ " ｷﾐ" ;ﾐS" ; ﾗ ﾐS" ; Iｴｷ WI ;ﾉ" Iﾗﾏ ﾗ ﾐS " ｷﾐ" ｴW"
};ﾉ " yｷ W " ;ﾉﾉW " S ｷﾐｪ" ｴW" 1ﾉ; ｷI" W ｷﾗSく" yWIWﾐ " Wど
W; Iｴ"; " ｴW"Kﾗｴﾗﾆ;ﾏ"1ﾉ; ｷI" W ｷﾗS" ｷ W"ﾗa"⁄ﾐｷ W ｷ "
NﾐSｷ;ﾐ"y ｷﾐ"ふ#́ぎ"00ぎ"Γぎンンぶが"ｷﾐ" ｴW"W; W ﾐ"~ I ﾗﾐ"0; ｷﾐ"
ふEｷｪ W"ヱぶが" W W;ﾉWS";" W ;ﾉWﾐIW"ﾗa"ﾏﾗ ; "aW; W "
ﾉﾗI; WS" ﾐW; " ﾗ " ｷ ｴｷﾐ" ; Iｴｷ WI ;ﾉ" ﾐｷ く" Nﾐ" ｴｷ " ;ど
Eｷｪ W"ヱく"]ﾗI; ﾗﾐ"ﾗa"⁄ﾐｷ W ｷ "NﾐSｷ;ﾐ"y ｷﾐ"ふ#́"00ぎ"Γぎンンぶく"
y;Iｴ;Wﾉ"cく"0 S"っ"}Iｴﾗﾗﾉ"ﾗa"#ﾐ ｴ ﾗ ﾗﾉﾗｪ が"⁄ﾐｷ W ｷ "ﾗa"# ｷ ﾗﾐ;が"~ I ﾗﾐ"っ" ﾏH SをWﾏ;ｷﾉく; ｷ ﾗﾐ;くWS "
Y;ﾏW "~く" ; ﾗﾐ"っ"# ｷ ﾗﾐ;"} ; W"c W ﾏが"⁄ﾐｷ W ｷ "ﾗa"# ｷ ﾗﾐ;が"~ I ﾗﾐ"っ" ; ﾗﾐﾃ をWﾏ;ｷﾉく; ｷ ﾗﾐ;くWS
} ;ﾐﾐW"[く"Eｷ ｴ"っ"# ｷ ﾗﾐ;"} ; W"c W ﾏが"⁄ﾐｷ W ｷ "ﾗa"# ｷ ﾗﾐ;が"~ I ﾗﾐ"っ" g ｴをWﾏ;ｷﾉく; ｷ ﾗﾐ;くWS "
v; ﾉ"yく"Eｷ ｴ"っ"# ｷ ﾗﾐ;"} ; W"c W ﾏが"⁄ﾐｷ W ｷ "ﾗa"# ｷ ﾗﾐ;が"~ I ﾗﾐ"っ" g ｴをWﾏ;ｷﾉく; ｷ ﾗﾐ;くWS "
Journal of Arizona Archaeology 2012, Volume 2, Number 1: 101-111
Copyright © 2012 by the Arizona Archaeological Council
101
Byrd et al.
102
W が" W" W " ｴW"ｴ ﾗ ｴW ｷ " ｴ; "ﾏﾗ ; "aW; W "; W"
ﾏﾗ W" a W Wﾐ ﾉ " ; ﾗIｷ; WS" ｷ ｴ" ; Iｴｷ WI W" ; " ⁄ﾐｷど
W ｷ "NﾐSｷ;ﾐ"y ｷﾐ"ふ⁄Nyぶく" W";ﾉ ﾗ" W "aﾗ "Iﾗ Wﾉ; ﾗﾐ "
;ﾏﾗﾐｪ" ﾗﾏW" Iｴ; ;I W ｷ I " ﾗa" ｴW W" ﾏﾗ ; " aW;ど
W が" ｷﾐIﾉ Sｷﾐｪ" H ｷ;ﾉ" Wが" ｷ W" ﾉﾗI が" ｪ ﾗ ｷﾐｪが" ;ﾐS"
; a;I " ふIW ;ﾏｷIぶ"
Wっ ﾉWく" 0 " W ;ﾏｷﾐｷﾐｪ" ｴW" Wﾉ;ど
ﾗﾐ ｴｷ "HW WWﾐ"ﾏﾗ ; "aW; W ";ﾐS"; Iｴｷ WI ;ﾉ"
;IW" ; " ⁄Nyが" W" ｴﾗ W" ﾗ" ﾗ ｷSW" ｷﾐ ｷｪｴ " ｷﾐ ﾗ" ｴﾗ "
Kﾗｴﾗﾆ;ﾏ" Iﾗﾏﾏ ﾐｷ W " Wｷﾐaﾗ IWS" ﾗIｷ;ﾉ" Sｷ ﾐI ﾗﾐ "
ｴ ﾗ ｪｴ" Iﾗ ﾗ ; W" ｷﾐｴW ｷ ;ﾐIW" H " IﾗﾐﾐWI ﾐｪ" ｴW" SWど
IW; WS" ﾗ"; Iｴｷ WI ;ﾉ" ﾐｷ ";ﾐS" ｴWｷ "ﾉｷ ｷﾐｪ" W ｷSWﾐ く
CLASSIC PERIOD MORTUARY
PRACTICES
Nﾐ" ﾗ SW " ﾗ" ｷﾐ W W " ﾏﾗ ; " HWｴ; ｷﾗ " S ｷﾐｪ"
ｴW"Kﾗｴﾗﾆ;ﾏ"1ﾉ; ｷI" W ｷﾗSが"ｷ "ｷ "I ｷ I;ﾉ" ﾗ" ﾐSW ;ﾐS"
ｴW" ｪWﾐW ;ﾉ" ; W ﾐ" ;ﾐS" WﾉWﾏWﾐ " ﾗa" ｴW" ﾉ; ｪW " ﾗIｷ;ﾉ"
;ﾐ aﾗ ﾏ; ﾗﾐ"a ﾗﾏ" ｴW"v W‐1ﾉ; ｷI" ﾗ" ｴW"1ﾉ; ｷI" W ｷど
ﾗSく" Eﾗ " W ;ﾏ ﾉWが" ｴW" ; ;ﾉ" Sｷ ｷH ﾗﾐ" ﾗa" ﾏﾗ ; "
aW; W " Iｴ;ﾐｪWS" HW WWﾐ" ｴW"
ﾗ" ﾏW" W ｷﾗS "
ふ0 ﾐ ﾗﾐ" ヱΓΒΓき" 1 ﾗ ﾐ" ヲヰヰΑき" cｷ IｴWﾉﾉ" W " ;ﾉく" ヱΓΒΓが"
ヱΓΓヴき" cｷ IｴWﾉﾉ" ;ﾐS" 0 ﾐ ﾗﾐ‐K;SﾉW " ヲヰヰヱが" 1W W ﾗ‐
yﾗﾏ;ﾐ" ;ﾐS" cI1ﾉWﾉﾉ;ﾐS" ヲヰヰΒぶく" 7 ｷﾐｪ" ｴW" v W‐1ﾉ; ｷIが"
Eｷｪ W"ヲく"7ｷ
ｷH
ﾗﾐ "ﾗa"H ｷ;ﾉ"
JAzArch Spring 2012
ｷ " ｴﾗ W" Iﾗ
; S" ｪ ﾗ " ｴ; WS" W W ﾐ;ﾉ" Iﾗﾗﾆｷﾐｪ"
ﾗ Wﾐ が" Wa W" ﾏｷSSWﾐ が" ;ﾐS" H ｷ;ﾉ" ; W; " ふ0; ﾏ;ﾐ"
ヲヰヰヱぶく"Kﾗ W W が"S ｷﾐｪ" ｴW"1ﾉ; ｷI" W ｷﾗSが" W ｷSWﾐ "ﾗa"
Kﾗｴﾗﾆ;ﾏ" Iﾗﾏﾏ ﾐｷ W " H ｷﾉ " ｪ ﾗ WS" ;SﾗHW" ﾗﾗﾏ が"
ﾗﾏW ﾏW " ｷ ｴ" Iﾗﾏ ﾗ ﾐS" ;ﾉﾉ が" ;ﾐS" ｴｷｦWS" ﾉ;IWど
ﾏWﾐ "ﾗa"H ｷ;ﾉ " ﾗ" ｷ ｴｷﾐ";ﾐS"; ﾗ ﾐS" ﾗﾗﾏ ";ﾐS"W Wﾐ"
ｷ ｴｷﾐ" ﾉ; ﾗ ﾏ"ﾏﾗ ﾐS "; " ﾗﾏW" ｷ W "ふcIF ｷ W"ヱΓΓヲき"
cｷ IｴWﾉﾉ" ;ﾐS" 0 ﾐ ﾗﾐ‐K;SﾉW " ヲヰヰヱぶく" ~ｴｷ " W;ﾉﾉﾗI; ﾗﾐ"
ﾗa"Hﾗ ｴ"; Iｴｷ WI ;ﾉﾉ ‐Hﾗ ﾐS" ;IW";ﾐS" ﾉ;IWﾏWﾐ "ﾗa"
H ｷ;ﾉ " ｷ ｴｷﾐ" ｴｷ " ;IW"ﾉｷﾆWﾉ " W｡WI "Iｴ;ﾐｪｷﾐｪ" ﾗIｷ;ﾉ"
S ﾐ;ﾏｷI く
1 Wﾏ; ﾗﾐ";ﾐS"ｷﾐｴ ﾏ; ﾗﾐ"H ｷ;ﾉ" W "; W" W ;ど
ﾉWﾐ ";I ﾗ " ﾗ ｴW ﾐ"# ｷ ﾗﾐ;"S ｷﾐｪ" ｴW"1ﾉ; ｷI" W ｷﾗSく"
1 Wﾏ; WS"ｴ ﾏ;ﾐ" Wﾏ;ｷﾐ " W W"H ｷWS"ｷﾐ"Hﾗ ｴ" ｷﾏ; "
;ﾐS" WIﾗﾐS; " Iﾗﾐ W が" ｴW W; " ｷﾐｴ ﾏWS" Wﾏ;ｷﾐ "
W W" ﾗｦWﾐ" H ｷWS" ; " ｷﾏ; " ｷﾐ W ﾏWﾐ く" v ｷﾏ; " ｷﾐど
ｴ ﾏ; ﾗﾐ " W W" ﾗｦWﾐ" ﾉ;IWS" ｷﾐ" ;ﾐ" W WﾐSWSが"
ｷﾐW"
ﾗ ｷ ﾗﾐが" ｷ ｴ" ｴW"ｴW;S";ﾐS"HﾗS "ﾗ ｷWﾐ WS"W; ‐ W "ｷﾐ"
;" ｷﾏｷﾉ; ﾉ " ﾗ ｷWﾐ WS" H ｷ;ﾉ" ｷ " ふ0 ﾐ ﾗﾐ" ヱΓΒΓき" 1W W ﾗ‐
yﾗﾏ;ﾐ";ﾐS"cI1ﾉWﾉﾉ;ﾐS"ヲヰヰΒき"1 ﾗ ﾐ"ヲヰヰΑき"cｷ IｴWﾉﾉ"W "
;ﾉく" ヱΓΒΓが" ヱΓΓヴき" cｷ IｴWﾉﾉ" ;ﾐS" 0 ﾐ ﾗﾐ‐K;SﾉW " ヲヰヰヱぶく"
0ﾗ ｴ" I Wﾏ; ﾗﾐ" ;ﾐS" ｷﾐｴ ﾏ; ﾗﾐ" H ｷ;ﾉ" aW; W " ; W"
ｪWﾐW ;ﾉﾉ " ; ﾗIｷ; WS" ｷ ｴ" Sｷ W W" ; a;I " W く" 1ﾗﾏど
ﾏﾗﾐ"ｪ ; W";IIﾗﾏ ;ﾐｷﾏWﾐ "aﾗ "v W‐1ﾉ; ｷI" W ｷﾗS"H ど
W "; "1ﾉ; ｷI" W ｷﾗS"Kﾗｴﾗﾆ;ﾏ" ｷ W "a ﾗﾏ"ｷﾐ" ｴW"vｴﾗWﾐｷ ";ﾐS"~ I ﾗﾐ"0; ｷﾐ く
100
Phoenix Basin Sites
Tucson Basin Sites
90
80
70
60
% 50
40
30
20
10
0
Cremation
Inhumation
Byrd et al.
~;HﾉW"ヱく"7ｷ
~;HﾉW"ヴくヱ"
ｷH
ﾗﾐ"ﾗa"H ｷ;ﾉ"
~ I ﾗﾐ"
0; ｷﾐ
JAzArch Spring 2012
W"; "1ﾉ; ｷI" W ｷﾗS"Kﾗｴﾗﾆ;ﾏ" ｷ W く"#S; WS"a ﾗﾏ"cｷ IｴWﾉﾉ";ﾐS"0 ﾐ ﾗﾐ‐K;SﾉW "ヲヰヰヱぎ"
vﾉ; ﾗ ﾏ"
cﾗ ﾐS
d
Х"1 Wﾏ; ﾗﾐ
Х"Nﾐｴ ﾏ; ﾗﾐ
1; ;"0 Wﾐ;
”
ヶヱ
ヱヵ
Βヵ
;･;ﾐS"ヱΓΒΒ
F ;ﾐS"1;ﾐ;ﾉ
d
ヱヰヱ
ヲヲ
ΑΒ
#ﾐSW ﾗﾐ"ヱΓΒン
]; "1ﾗﾉｷﾐ; "ふcﾗ ﾐS"Βぶ
”
ヲヱ
ヲΓ
Αヱ
K;ﾏﾏ;Iﾆ";ﾐS"} ﾉﾉｷ ;ﾐ"ヱΓヶΒ
]ﾗ "c W ﾗ
”
ヵヲヲ
Αヱ
ヲΓ
0 ﾐ ﾗﾐ"ヱΓΒΓ
v WHﾉﾗ"7Wﾉ"cﾗ W
”
ヲヶ
ンΒ
ヶヱ
W; W "ヱΓΑン
v WHﾉﾗ"F ;ﾐSW
”
ΒヰΓ
ヲン
ΑΑ
]ﾗ "cﾗ W ﾗ
d
Αヵ
Γン
Α
c; ﾐW "Kｷﾉﾉっ}„"0 ｷSｪW
d
ヴヰ
ヴΒ
ヵヲ
}; ﾉ"ヱΓΒΑ
y;HｷS"y ｷﾐ
d
ヴヴ
Αン
ヲΑ
K;ﾏﾏ;Iﾆ";ﾐS"} ﾉﾉｷ ;ﾐ"ヱΓヶΒ
” ﾏ;" ; ｴ
d
ンΑ
ΒΓ
ヱヱ
1W W ﾗ‐yﾗﾏ;ﾐ";ﾐS"cI1ﾉWﾉﾉ;ﾐS"ヲヰヰΒ
́;ﾐ; SWﾉﾉｷ
d
ヱΓ
Γヴ
ヶ
y HﾉW"ヲヰヰΓ
⁄ﾐｷ W ｷ "NﾐSｷ;ﾐ"y ｷﾐ
”
ΑΑ
ΒΑ
ヱン
K; SWﾐ"ヱΓヵヴき"K;
}ｷ W"d;ﾏW
vｴﾗWﾐｷ "
0; ｷﾐ
103
ｷ;ﾉ "ｷﾐIﾉ SWS"IWﾐ W が"IW ;ﾏｷI"gｪ ｷﾐW が" ﾗﾐW" ;ﾉW W が"
;ﾐS" ﾗﾃWI ﾉW" ﾗｷﾐ " ふK; " ヱΓΑヶぶく" 7 ｷﾐｪ" ｴW" 1ﾉ; ｷI"
W ｷﾗS"
ｷI;ﾉ" ;IIﾗﾏ ;ﾐｷﾏWﾐ " W W" SWIﾗ ; WS" ;ﾐS"
ﾉ;ｷﾐ" IW ;ﾏｷI が" ｴWﾉﾉ" ﾗ ﾐ;ﾏWﾐ が" HﾗﾐW" ; a;I が" ;ﾐS"
ﾗﾃWI ﾉW" ﾗｷﾐ "ふ1 ﾗ ﾐ"ヲヰヰΑぶく"
~ｴW" Wﾉ; W" ﾗ ﾗ ﾗﾐ "ﾗa"I Wﾏ; ﾗﾐ";ﾐS"ｷﾐｴ ﾏ;ど
ﾗﾐ" H ｷ;ﾉ " ; " Iﾗﾐ ｷSW ;Hﾉ " ;ﾏﾗﾐｪ" Kﾗｴﾗﾆ;ﾏ" ｷ W "
ｴ ﾗ ｪｴ" ﾏW"ふ ｴ ﾗ ｪｴ" ｴW"v W‐1ﾉ; ｷI";ﾐS"1ﾉ; ｷI" W ｷど
ﾗS ぶ";ﾐS";I ﾗ " ;IW"ふ;I ﾗ " ｴW"~ I ﾗﾐ";ﾐS"vｴﾗWﾐｷ "
H; ｷﾐ ぶく" 1 Wﾏ; ﾗﾐ" ; " ｴW" WSﾗﾏｷﾐ;ﾐ " H ｷ;ﾉ"
W"
S ｷﾐｪ" ｴW" v W‐1ﾉ; ｷI" W ｷﾗSが" ;ﾉ ｴﾗ ｪｴ" ｷﾐｴ ﾏ; ﾗﾐ "
;ﾉ ﾗ" ﾗII WSく" 0; ﾐW " ふヱΓΒΒぶ" ﾐﾗ WS" ｴ; " ｷﾐｴ ﾏ; ﾗﾐ"
H ｷ;ﾉ " ｷﾐI W; WS" ｷﾐ" ｴW" v W‐1ﾉ; ｷI" }WSWﾐ ; " W ｷﾗSが"
ｴW W; " K; " ふヱΓΑヶぶ" aWﾉ " ｴ; " ｴW " W W" ;I IWS"
ｷﾐa W Wﾐ ﾉ " ﾐ ﾉ" ｴW" HWｪｷﾐﾐｷﾐｪ" ﾗa" ｴW" 1ﾉ; ｷI" W ｷﾗSく"
7 ｷﾐｪ" ｴW"1ﾉ; ｷI" W ｷﾗS"ｷﾐ" ｴW"};ﾉ "yｷ W " ;ﾉﾉW が" W ｷど
SWﾐ "ﾗa"Kﾗｴﾗﾆ;ﾏ" ｷﾉﾉ;ｪW " ;I IWS"ｷﾐｴ ﾏ; ﾗﾐ"H ｷ;ﾉ"
ﾏﾗ W" a W Wﾐ ﾉ " ｴ;ﾐ" WIﾗﾐS; " I Wﾏ; ﾗﾐ" H ｷ;ﾉ"
ふ~;HﾉW" ヱき" Eｷｪ W" ヲぶく" Nﾐｴ ﾏ; ﾗﾐ" W W Wﾐ WS" HW WWﾐ"
ヵヵ" ;ﾐS" Βヵ" W IWﾐ " ﾗa" ｴW" H ｷ;ﾉ" ﾗ ﾉ; ﾗﾐ " ; " Wﾉﾉ‐
SﾗI ﾏWﾐ WS" 1ﾉ; ｷI" W ｷﾗS" ｷ W " ｷﾐ" ｴW" };ﾉ " yｷ W " ;ﾉど
ﾉW き" I Wﾏ; ﾗﾐ" W W Wﾐ WS" ﾗﾐﾉ " HW WWﾐ" ヱヵ" ;ﾐS" ヴヵ"
W IWﾐ "ﾗa" ｴW W" ﾗ ﾉ; ﾗﾐ く"Kﾗ W W が"ｷﾐ" ｴW"~ I ﾗﾐ"
0; ｷﾐが" W ｷSWﾐ " ｷﾐ" Kﾗｴﾗﾆ;ﾏ" Iﾗﾏﾏ ﾐｷ W " ;I IWS"
I Wﾏ; ﾗﾐ" H ｷ;ﾉ" ﾏﾗ W" a W Wﾐ ﾉ " ｴ;ﾐ" ｷﾐｴ ﾏ; ﾗﾐく"
7 ｷﾐｪ" ｴW"1ﾉ; ｷI" W ｷﾗSが"I Wﾏ; ﾗﾐ"H ｷ;ﾉ"Iﾗﾐ
WS"
HW WWﾐ" ヴΒ" ;ﾐS" Γヴ" W IWﾐ " ﾗa" ｴW" H ｷ;ﾉ" ﾗ ﾉ; ﾗﾐ "
; " Wﾉﾉ‐SﾗI ﾏWﾐ WS" ｷ W " ｷﾐ" ｴW" ~ I ﾗﾐ" 0; ｷﾐが" ｴｷﾉW"
ｷﾐｴ ﾏ; ﾗﾐ" ;IIﾗ ﾐ WS" aﾗ " ﾗﾐﾉ " ヶ" ﾗ" ヵヲ" W IWﾐ " ふ WW"
~;HﾉW"ヱき"Eｷｪ W"ヲぶく"#ﾉ ｴﾗ ｪｴ" ｴW"a W WﾐI "ﾗa"ｷﾐｴ ﾏ;ど
ﾗﾐ"H ｷ;ﾉ "ｷﾐI W; WS"a ﾗﾏ" ｴW"v W‐1ﾉ; ｷI" ﾗ" ｴW"1ﾉ; ど
ｷI" W ｷﾗS"ｷﾐ"Hﾗ ｴ" ｴW"};ﾉ "yｷ W " ;ﾉﾉW ";ﾐS" ｴW"~ I ﾗﾐ"
yWaW WﾐIW
cｷ IｴWﾉﾉ";ﾐS"0 ﾐ ﾗﾐ‐K;SﾉW "ヲヰヰヱ
;ﾉﾉ;IW"ヱΓΓヵ
"ヱΓンΒき"1 ﾏﾏｷﾐｪ "ヱΓンヵ
0; ｷﾐが" ｴW" Wﾉ; W" ﾗ ﾗ ﾗﾐ "ﾗa"ｷﾐｴ ﾏ; ﾗﾐ ";ﾐS"I Wど
ﾏ; ﾗﾐ " ｷﾐ" Iﾗﾏﾏ ﾐｷ " H ｷ;ﾉ" ﾗ ﾉ; ﾗﾐ " ; " HWど
WWﾐ" ｴW W" ﾗ"ﾏ;ﾃﾗ " ﾗ ﾉ; ﾗﾐ"IWﾐ W く"~ｴｷ "SｷdW ど
WﾐIW" ｷﾐ" WaW WS" H ｷ;ﾉ" W" ﾏ; " W W Wﾐ " ;" Sｷ W ど
ｪWﾐIW"ｷﾐ" ｷ ;ﾉ" W aﾗ ﾏ;ﾐIW";ﾐS" ﾗ ｷHﾉ "ｷSWﾗﾉﾗｪ く
cﾗ ; " W W; IｴW " ｴ; W"
ﾗ ﾗ WS" W W ;ﾉ"
ﾏWIｴ;ﾐｷ ﾏ " ﾗ" W ﾉ;ｷﾐ" ｴW" ;I IW" ﾗa" Hﾗ ｴ" ｷﾐｴ ﾏ;ど
ﾗﾐ" ;ﾐS" I Wﾏ; ﾗﾐ" ｴ ﾗ ｪｴﾗ " ｴW" Kﾗｴﾗﾆ;ﾏ" I ﾉ ;ﾉ"
W WﾐIWく" 1 ｴｷﾐｪ" ふヱΒΓヰぶ"HWﾉｷW WS" ｴ; " SｷdW WﾐIW " ｷﾐ"
ﾏﾗ ; " W; ﾏWﾐ " W｡WI WS" ﾗIｷ;ﾉ" ; く" KW" ﾗど
ﾗ WS" ｴ; ";"ｴｷｪｴ‐ ; " WｪﾏWﾐ "ﾗa"Kﾗｴﾗﾆ;ﾏ" ﾗIｷW "
W aﾗ ﾏWS" ｷﾐｴ ﾏ; ﾗﾐ" H ｷ;ﾉ" ;ﾐS" ｴ; " ｴW" Wﾏ;ｷﾐｷﾐｪ"
ﾗ ﾉ; ﾗﾐ" I Wﾏ; WS" ｴWｷ " SW;Sく" j ｴW " W W; IｴW "
ｴ; W" ｪｪW WS" ｴ; " Sｷ W ｷ " ｷﾐ" H ｷ;ﾉ" W" W W W "
SｷdW WﾐIW ";ﾏﾗﾐｪ"ﾏ ﾉ ﾉW" ﾗIｷ;ﾉ"ｪ ﾗ "ｷﾐ" ｴWｷ "ｷSWﾗど
ﾉﾗｪｷI;ﾉ" HWﾉｷWa " ;ﾐS" SW; ｴ" IW WﾏﾗﾐｷW " ふ0 ﾐ ﾗﾐ" ヱΓΒΓき"
7ﾗ Wﾉ" ヱΓΓヱき" Fﾉ;S ｷﾐ" W " ;ﾉく" ヱΓンΑき" K; " ヱΓヴヵぶく" 7ﾗ Wﾉ"
ふヱΓΓヱぶが" ｴﾗ W W が" Sｷ ﾏｷ WS" ｴW" IﾗﾐﾐWI ﾗﾐ" HW WWﾐ"
ﾏﾗ ; " HWｴ; ｷﾗ " ;ﾐS" ﾏｷｪ ; ﾗﾐが" ;ﾐS" Wﾐ ｷ ｷﾗﾐWS"
; ｷﾗ " WｪﾏWﾐ "ﾗa"Kﾗｴﾗﾆ;ﾏ" ﾗIｷW " ;I Iｷﾐｪ"ﾏ ﾉ ど
ﾉW" ｷSWﾗﾉﾗｪｷW が" ｴｷIｴ" W W" ﾐ Wﾉ; WS" ﾗ" ﾗIｷ;ﾉ" ; "
;ﾐS" W ﾗ IW"Iﾗﾐ ﾗﾉく"Nﾐ W W ﾐｪ" ｴｷ "ﾗH W WS"Sｷ W ど
ｷ " W Wﾐ" ﾏﾗ W" H ﾗ;Sﾉ が" 7ﾗWﾉﾉW" ;ﾐS" ;ﾉﾉ;IW" ふヱΓΓヱぶ"
ﾗ ﾗ WS" ｴ; " Kﾗｴﾗﾆ;ﾏ" ﾗ ﾉ; ﾗﾐ " ｷﾐ" ｴW" ~ I ﾗﾐ"
H; ｷﾐ" aﾗﾉﾉﾗ WS" ｴW" ;ﾏW" ｪWﾐW ;ﾉ"
Wﾏ" ; " Wﾗ ﾉW" ｷﾐ"
ｴW"vｴﾗWﾐｷ "H; ｷﾐが" W " ｴW " W W";"Sｷ ﾐI W"ｪ ﾗ "ﾗa"
Wﾗ ﾉW"a ﾗﾏ"ｷﾐｴ;Hｷ ;ﾐ "ﾗa" ｴW"Fｷﾉ;";ﾐS"};ﾉ "yｷ W " ;ﾉど
ﾉW く
# " ｴW"1ﾉ; ｷI" W ｷﾗS" ｷ W"ﾗa"v WHﾉﾗ"F ;ﾐSW" ｷﾐ" ｴW"
vｴﾗWﾐｷ "0; ｷﾐが" ｴW" W ｷSWﾐ "ﾗa"Iﾗﾏ ﾗ ﾐS "ﾉｷﾆWﾉ "ﾏ;ｷﾐど
;ｷﾐWS"Sｷ I W W"IWﾏW W "Iﾉ W "ふcｷ IｴWﾉﾉ"ヱΓΓヴぎ"ヱヱヶ‐
ヱヲヶが" ヱヲΒぶく" 1 Wﾏ; WS" ｷﾐSｷ ｷS ;ﾉ " W W" ﾗｦWﾐ" H ｷWS"
Byrd et al.
Eｷｪ W"ンく"}ｷ W"ﾏ; "ﾗa"⁄ﾐｷ W ｷ "NﾐSｷ;ﾐ"y ｷﾐ"ｷﾉﾉ
104
JAzArch Spring 2012
; ﾐｪ" WIWﾐ ";ﾐS" W ｷﾗ ﾉ "W I; ; WS"; Iｴｷ WI
ｷ ｴｷﾐ" IWﾏW W ｷW が" ｴｷﾉW" ｷﾐｴ ﾏWS" ｷﾐSｷ ｷS ;ﾉ " W W"
H ｷWS" ｷﾐ ｷSW" Iﾗﾏ ﾗ ﾐS" ;ﾉﾉ " ふ;ﾉ ｴﾗ ｪｴ" ｴW " W W"
ﾗﾏW ﾏW " ;ﾉ ﾗ" H ｷWS" ｷﾐ" IWﾏW W ｷW ぶ" ふcｷ IｴWﾉﾉ" ヱΓΓヲき"
cｷ IｴWﾉﾉ" ;ﾐS" 0 ﾐ ﾗﾐ‐K;SﾉW " ヲヰヰヱぎ" ヵヲぶく" Nﾐ" ;" WIWﾐ "
;ﾐ;ﾉ ｷ "ﾗa"Kﾗｴﾗﾆ;ﾏ"1ﾉ; ｷI" W ｷﾗS"IWﾏW W "ﾗ ｪ;ﾐｷ ;ど
ﾗﾐが"K;IﾆH; ｴ"ふヲヰヱヲぶ"SWﾏﾗﾐ ; WS" ｴ; " ｴW" ; "ﾏ;ど
ﾃﾗ ｷ " ﾗa" H ｷ;ﾉ " ふΒヶ" W IWﾐ ぶ" W W" ﾉ;IWS" ｷﾐ" ; ;ﾉﾉWﾉ"
ﾗ く"KW"a ｴW "ﾐﾗ WS" ｴ; " ｴW"ﾏ;ﾃﾗ ｷ "ﾗa" WIﾗﾐS; "
I Wﾏ; ﾗﾐ" H ｷ;ﾉ " SｷS" ﾐﾗ " ｷﾐ SW" ﾗﾐ" W;Iｴ" ﾗ ｴW き" ｴｷ "
W W ; ﾗﾐ"ﾗa"H ｷ;ﾉ"aW; W " ｪｪW " ｴ; " ｴW"ﾉｷ ｷﾐｪ"
ﾆﾐW " ｴW"ﾉﾗI; ﾗﾐ"ﾗa"ｷﾐSｷ ｷS ;ﾉ"ｪ ; W "ふcｷ IｴWﾉﾉ"ヱΓΓヴぎ"
ヱヲΑき"cIF ｷ W"ヱΓΓヲぎ"ンヱき"ヵΓ"‐"ヶヰぶく
Kﾗｴﾗﾆ;ﾏ" ﾗIｷ;ﾉ" ;ﾐS" ﾗﾉｷ I;ﾉ" ﾗ ｪ;ﾐｷ ; ﾗﾐ" ｷ " ﾉﾉ"
Wﾉ; Wﾉ " ﾗﾗ ﾉ " ﾐSW ﾗﾗSが" W " ﾏﾗ " ;ｪ WW" ｴ; "
ﾗﾏW" ﾉW Wﾉ" ﾗa" ; " ;ﾐS" ﾗ W " ｷﾐW ;ﾉｷ " W ｷ WS"
ふ1 ﾗ ﾐ";ﾐS"Eｷ ｴ"ヱΓΓヶが";ﾉ ﾗﾐ"ヱΓΓΒが"0; ﾏ;ﾐ"ヲヰヰヱぶく"}W ど
W ;ﾉ" W W; IｴW " ｴ; W" ; ｪ WS" ｴ; " ﾏﾗ ; " aW; W"
; ;ﾉ" Wﾉ; ﾗﾐ ｴｷ "; W" Wﾉ; WS" ﾗ"ﾆｷﾐ‐ｪ ﾗ "ﾏWﾏHW ど
ｴｷ " ふ#ﾐSW ﾗﾐ" ヱΓΒヶき" ;･;ﾐS" ヱΓΒΒき" cｷ IｴWﾉﾉ" W " ;ﾉく"
ヱΓΒΓき" WW" Kﾗ Wﾉﾉ" ;ﾐS" [ｷﾐ ｪｴ" ヱΓΓヶ"aﾗ " ;" ｷﾏｷﾉ; " ; ｪ ど
ﾏWﾐ "; " ｴW"́ ﾐｷ" W ﾉWﾏWﾐ "ﾗa"K; ｷﾆﾆ ぶが" ｴｷﾉW"ﾗ ｴW "
ｴ; W" ｪｪW WS" ｴW " W W" Wﾉ; WS" ﾗ" ｴW" Iﾗﾐ ﾗﾉ" ﾗa"
Wく
W ﾗ IW " ;ﾐSっﾗ " Wﾉｷｪｷﾗ " ﾆﾐﾗ ﾉWSｪWっﾉW;SW ｴｷ "
ふ7ﾗ ﾉW"ヲヰヰΑき"Eｷ ｴ";ﾐS"Eｷ ｴ"ヲヰヰヰぶく"
W" ﾗ ﾗ W" ｴ; が" ｷﾐ" ; が" ﾗﾏW" ; WI " ﾗa" 1ﾉ; ｷI"
W ｷﾗS" Kﾗｴﾗﾆ;ﾏ" ﾏﾗ ; " HWｴ; ｷﾗ " Wｷﾐaﾗ IWS" HSｷど
ｷSWS" ; ;ﾉ" Wﾉ; ﾗﾐ ｴｷ " ｷ;" ｴW" ﾉ;IWﾏWﾐ " ﾗa" ｴW"
SW;Sく" Eﾗ Wﾏﾗ が" W" W ;ﾉ ; W" ;" ﾗ Wﾐ ;ﾉ" ; ﾗIｷ; ﾗﾐ"
HW WWﾐ"H ｷ;ﾉ" ﾉ;IWﾏWﾐ ";ﾐS"; Iｴｷ WI W"; "⁄ﾐｷ W ど
ｷ "NﾐSｷ;ﾐ"y ｷﾐ"ｷﾐ" ｴW"~ I ﾗﾐ"0; ｷﾐく"~ｴWﾐが" W" ｪｪW "
ｴ; " ]W ｷ‐} ; げ " ふヱΓΒヲが" ヱΓΒΑぶ" ﾗIｷY Y " <" ﾏ;ｷ ﾗﾐ "
IﾗﾐIW " ふｷくWくが" ｴW" ]W ｷ‐} ; ｷ;ﾐ" さｴﾗ Wざぶ" ;ﾐS" FｷﾉﾉW ど
ｷWげ " ふヲヰヰヰ;が" Hが" Iぶ" Sｷ I ｷﾗﾐ"ﾗa" ;ﾐIW ;ﾉ" IﾗﾐﾐWI ﾗﾐ "
ﾗ" ﾗ W " ｷｪｴ " ﾏ; " ｴWﾉ " ﾗ" W ﾉ;ｷﾐ" ; W ﾐ " ﾗa" ｷﾐど
;ﾏ ;ﾉ" H ｷ;ﾉ" ｷﾐ" ｴW" Kﾗｴﾗﾆ;ﾏ" 1ﾉ; ｷI" W ｷﾗS" ふ WW"
1 ;ｷｪ" ヲヰヰΑが" ヲヰヱヰ" aﾗ " Sｷ I ｷﾗﾐ " ﾗa" ]W ｷ‐} ; ｷ;ﾐ"
さｴﾗ W ざ";ﾐS"W ; W "ｷﾐ"Kﾗｴﾗﾆ;ﾏ"Iﾗﾏﾏ ﾐｷ W ぶく"
UNIVERSITY INDIAN RUIN
⁄ﾐｷ W ｷ " NﾐSｷ;ﾐ" y ｷﾐ" ふ#́" 00ぎ" Γぎンン" ぷ#}cへぶ" ｷ " ;"
Kﾗｴﾗﾆ;ﾏ"1ﾉ; ｷI" W ｷﾗS" ﾉ; ﾗ ﾏ"ﾏﾗ ﾐS" ｷ W"ふEｷｪ W"ンぶ"
ﾉﾗI; WS"ｷﾐ" ｴW"W; W ﾐ"~ I ﾗﾐ"H; ｷﾐが"; " ｴW"Iﾗﾐ｡ WﾐIW"
ﾗa"~;ﾐ W" W SW" ; ｴ";ﾐS" ｴW"yｷﾉﾉｷ ﾗ"yｷ W "ふEｷｪ W"ヱぶく"
dﾗﾐ‐I ﾐｪ" WW‐ ｷﾐｪ" S; W " ふ#く7く" ヱンΑヱ‐ヱンΑヵぶ" ｷﾐSｷI; W"
Byrd et al.
105
JAzArch Spring 2012
ANALYTICAL METHODS
~;HﾉW"ヲく"0 ｷ;ﾉ "SﾗI ﾏWﾐ WS"; "⁄Ny"H "W I; ; ﾗﾐ" ﾗﾃWI く
7ｷ WI WS"; I; ; ﾗﾐ "ふ”W; ぶ
1 Wﾏ; ﾗﾐ
Nﾐｴ ﾏ; ﾗﾐ
ﾐ
K; SWﾐ"ふヱΓヴヰ‐ヱΓヴヱぶ
ン
ヴ
Α
K;
"ふヱΓンΒ‐ヱΓンΓぶ
ヱヵ
ヵ
ヲヰ
1 ﾏﾏｷﾐｪ "ふヱΓンヰ‐ヱΓンΑぶ
ヴΑ
ヱ
ヴΒ
Eｷ ｴ";ﾐS"Eｷ ｴ"ふヲヰヱヰ‐ヲヰヱヲぶ
~ﾗ ;ﾉ"7ﾗI ﾏWﾐ WS"ふХぶ
ヲ
ヰ
ヲ
ヶΑ"ふΒΑХぶ
ヱヰ"ふヱンХぶ
ΑΑ
Eｷｪ W"ヴく"vｴﾗ ﾗ"ﾗa"W I; ; WS" ﾗﾗﾏ"ふ7ヴぎ"yﾗﾗﾏ"ヲぶ"ｷﾐ"
ﾉ; ﾗ ﾏ"ﾏﾗ ﾐS"; "⁄Ny" ｷ ｴ" ﾗ"I ﾉｷﾐS ｷI;ﾉ"I;ﾉｷIｴW" ｷW "ｷﾐ"
ｴW"IWﾐ W "ふK; SWﾐ"ヱΓヵヴぎΒΑぶく
ｴ; "⁄Ny" ; ";ﾏﾗﾐｪ" ｴW"ﾉ; " ﾉ; ﾗ ﾏ"ﾏﾗ ﾐS" ｷ W " ﾉﾉ"
ﾗII ｷWS"ｷﾐ" ｴW"~ I ﾗﾐ"H; ｷﾐ"; " ｴW"WﾐS"ﾗa" ｴW"1ﾉ; ｷI"
W ｷﾗS"ふYく"7W;ﾐが" W ﾗﾐ;ﾉ"Iﾗﾏﾏ ﾐｷI; ﾗﾐぶく"Eﾗ "ﾏ;ﾃﾗ "
W I; ; ﾗﾐ" ﾗｪ ;ﾏ "ｴ; W" ;ﾆWﾐ" ﾉ;IW"; "⁄Nyき" ｴW" ﾗど
ﾃWI " W W" Sｷ WI WS" H " 0 ﾗﾐ" 1 ﾏﾏｷﾐｪ " ふヱΓンヰ‐ンΑぶが"
;ﾏｷﾉ"1く"K; "ふヱΓンΒ‐ンΓぶが"Y ﾉｷ;ﾐ"K; SWﾐ"ふヱΓヴヰ‐ヴヱぶが";ﾐS"
I Wﾐ ﾉ " H " v; ﾉ" Eｷ ｴ" ;ﾐS" } ;ﾐﾐW" Eｷ ｴ" ふヲヰヱヰ‐ヱヲぶく"
~ｴW W" W I; ; ﾗﾐ " W W;ﾉWS" Iﾗﾏ ﾉW " ;SﾗHW" ﾗﾗﾏ"
HﾉﾗIﾆ"
I W が" ;" ; ｴ" ﾏｷSSWﾐが" ;ﾐS" ﾏﾗ ; " aW;ど
W " ｴ; " ; W; " ﾗ" g " ｷ ｴｷﾐ" ｴW" ﾉ; ｪW " ; W ﾐ" W ど
WI WS"aﾗ "1ﾉ; ｷI" W ｷﾗS" ｷ W "ｷﾐ" ｴW"~ I ﾗﾐ"H; ｷﾐく
Na" ﾗﾏW" ;SﾗHW" ﾗﾗﾏ" Iﾗﾏ ﾉW W " ;ﾐS" ; ﾗIｷ; WS"
ﾏﾗ ; " aW; W " ; W" W W Wﾐ ; W" ﾗa" ]W ｷ‐
} ; ｷ;ﾐ" さｴﾗ W がざ" ｴWﾐ" ｷSWﾐ a ｷﾐｪ" ｷｪﾐｷgI;ﾐ " Wﾉ;ど
ﾗﾐ ｴｷ "HW WWﾐ"ﾏﾗ ; "aW; W ";ﾐS"; Iｴｷ WI W"
ﾏ; "ｴWﾉ " " ﾗ" ﾐSW ;ﾐS"ｴﾗ "Kﾗｴﾗﾆ;ﾏ" ﾗ ﾉ; ﾗﾐ "
ﾉWｪｷ ﾏｷ WS" ﾗ W " ｷｪｴ ";ﾐS"W ;Hﾉｷ ｴWS"ｴﾗ W‐ﾉW Wﾉ"
ﾗIｷ;ﾉ" ｷSWﾐ W " ; " ⁄Nyく" KW Wが" W" aﾗI " ﾗﾐ" W ｷﾗ ﾉ "
W I; ; WS" ;SﾗHW" ; Iｴｷ WI W" ;ﾐS" ﾏﾗ ; " aW; W "
ﾗ" W "ﾗ "ｴ ﾗ ｴW W " ｴ; "ﾏﾗ ; "aW; W "; W"a Wど
Wﾐ ﾉ "; ﾗIｷ; WS" ｷ ｴ"; Iｴｷ WI W"; "⁄Nyく"
Materials
W"IﾗﾉﾉWI WS"S; ;"aﾗ "ΑΑ"ﾏﾗ ; "aW; W " W ｷど
ﾗ ﾉ " W I; ; WS" a ﾗﾏ" ⁄Ny" a ﾗﾏ" ; Iｴｷ WS" gWﾉS" ﾐﾗ W "
;ﾐS" W ﾗ "ｷﾐ" ｴW"# ｷ ﾗﾐ;"} ; W"c W ﾏ"ふ#}cぶ"IﾗﾉﾉWIど
ﾗﾐ "I; ;ﾉﾗｪ"aﾗ "ΑΑ"ﾏﾗ ; "aW; W " W ｷﾗ ﾉ "W I;ど
; WS" a ﾗﾏ" ⁄Ny" ふ~;HﾉW" ヲぶく" j W ;ﾉﾉが" ｴW" ﾏﾗ ; " aW;ど
W" ;ﾏ ﾉW" ｷﾐIﾉ SW " ヱヰ" ｷﾏ; " ｷﾐｴ ﾏ; ﾗﾐ " ;ﾐS" ヶΑ"
WIﾗﾐS; "I Wﾏ; ﾗﾐ く" ; ｷ;HﾉW " Wﾉ; WS" ﾗ"H ｷ;ﾉ" Wが"
ｷ W" ﾉﾗI が" ; Iｴｷ WI W" ; ﾗIｷ; ﾗﾐが" ｪ ﾗ ｷﾐｪ" ふ ｷﾐｪ ﾉ; "
aW; W" く"Iﾉ W WS"aW; W ぶが";ﾐS"IW ;ﾏｷI" W"ふHﾗ ｴ"
aﾗ ﾏ" ;ﾐS" ﾉWぶ" W W" WIﾗ SWS" aﾗ " W;Iｴ" ﾗa" ｴW" H ｷ;ﾉ"
aW; W " ﾗ" W " aﾗ " ｷｪﾐｷgI;ﾐ " Iﾗ Wﾉ; ﾗﾐ く" }ｷ ‐ ﾗ"
aW; W " ﾗ ｷSWS"S; ;" Wｪ; Sｷﾐｪ" ﾗ ｷ ﾗﾐｷﾐｪ" Wﾉ; WS" ﾗ"
; Iｴｷ WI Wく" 7ｷdW WﾐIW " ｷﾐ" W W; Iｴ" SW ｷｪﾐ が" W I; ;ど
ﾗﾐ" WIｴﾐｷ W が"S; ;" W ﾗ ﾐｪが";ﾐS"; a;I "Iﾗﾐ W ;ど
ﾗﾐ" ｴ; W" ﾉWｦ" ｷﾐIﾗﾏ ﾉW W" WIﾗ S が" W WIｷ;ﾉﾉ " a ﾗﾏ"
1 ﾏﾏｷﾐｪ げ";ﾐS"K; げ "W I; ; ﾗﾐ く
F ﾗ " Nが" ;ﾐ" ;SﾗHW" ﾗﾗﾏ" HﾉﾗIﾆ" ; " ⁄Ny" ふ WW" Eｷｪ W"
ンぶが" ; "ｷﾐｷ ;ﾉﾉ "W I; ; WS"ｷﾐ" ｴW"ヱΓンヰげ "H "0 ﾗﾐ"1 ﾏど
ﾏｷﾐｪ く" KW" ﾉ; W " W I; ; WS" F ﾗ " NN‐N が" W; " ﾗa" ｴW"
ﾉ; ﾗ ﾏ"ﾏﾗ ﾐS"ふYﾗﾐW "ヲヰヰヶき"[Wﾉﾉ "ヱΓンヶぶく"~ｴｷ ‐ ｴ WW"
I Wﾏ; ﾗﾐ " ｷﾐ" ﾃ; " ;ﾐS" ｷ IｴW が" ｴｷIｴ" W W" ﾉ;IWS"
;ﾉﾗﾐｪ" ｴW" ﾗ ｷSW" ﾗa" ﾗII ｷWS" ﾗﾗﾏ " ﾗ " ｷﾐ ｷSW" ;H;ﾐど
SﾗﾐWS" ﾗﾗﾏ が" W W"W I; ; WS"ｷﾐ"F ﾗ "N"ふ[Wﾉﾉ "ヱΓンヶぶく"
K; " WﾐIﾗ ﾐ W WS" W W ;ﾉ" H ｷ;ﾉ " ｷﾐ" ;" W " WﾐIｴ"
ふ~ WﾐIｴ" N‐Αぶ" S ｪ" ｴ ﾗ ｪｴ" ｴW" WSｪW" ﾗa" ;" ; ｴ" ﾏﾗ ﾐS"
;ﾐS" ﾗ ｷHﾉ " ｷﾐ ﾗ" W W ;ﾉ" ﾗﾗﾏ " ｷﾐ" ;" W ｷSWﾐ ;ﾉ" Iﾗﾏど
ﾗ ﾐS" W; " ﾗa" ｴW" ﾉ; ﾗ ﾏ" ﾏﾗ ﾐS" ふ;; ﾗﾐ" ヱΓンΓき"
cｷ ;ﾉ ﾆ "ヱΓンΓき"}ｴ;WdW "ヱΓンΓぶく
K; SWﾐ"ふヱΓヵヴぶ" ; " ｴW"g " ﾗ" Hﾉｷ ｴ"ｴｷ " ﾗ ﾆ"; "
⁄Ny" aﾗ ﾏ;ﾉﾉ き" ｴW" SW ;ｷﾉWS" W I; ; ﾗﾐ" ﾗa" ｴW" ﾉ; ﾗ ﾏ"
ﾏﾗ ﾐS";ﾐS";"Iﾗﾏ ﾗ ﾐS"ﾐﾗ ｴ W "ﾗa" ｴW"ﾏﾗ ﾐSく"Kｷ "
ﾗ ﾆ"W ﾗ WS"aﾗ "ｷﾐｴ ﾏ; ﾗﾐ ";ﾐS" ｴ WW"I Wﾏ; ﾗﾐ く"
~ ﾗ" ｷﾐSｷ ｷS ;ﾉ " WIﾗ W WS" a ﾗﾏ" ｴW" ﾏﾗ ﾐS" ｷﾐIﾉ SWS"
ｷﾐｴ ﾏ; ﾗﾐ "ﾗa";" ﾏ;ﾉﾉ"IｴｷﾉS";ﾐS";ﾐﾗ ｴW "ﾗa"ｷﾐSW W ﾏｷど
ﾐ; W";ｪW"ふK; SWﾐ"ヱΓヵヴぶく"7 ｷﾐｪ"K; SWﾐげ "ふヱΓヵヴぶ"W I;ど
; ﾗﾐ" ﾗa" ﾗﾐW" ﾗa" ｴW" ﾗﾗﾏ " ; " ｴW" IWﾐ W " ﾗa" ｴW"
ﾉ; ﾗ ﾏ" ﾏﾗ ﾐS" ; " ⁄Ny" ふEｷｪ W" ヴぶが" ｴW" aﾗ ﾐS" W W ;ﾉ"
ﾉ; ｪW" H ﾐWS" ;ﾐｷﾏ;ﾉ" HﾗﾐW が" ｴﾗ ﾐ " ﾗa" Wﾉﾆが" ﾏﾗ ﾐ ;ｷﾐ"
ｴWW が";ﾐS"SWW が"; " Wﾉﾉ"; ";"ﾏW ; W" ｷ ｴ";"ｴﾗﾉW"ｷﾐ" ｴW"
Hﾗ ﾗﾏ";ﾐS";"ﾏ;ﾐﾗ" ﾉ;IWS"ﾗ W "ｷ く"Nﾐ"ヲヰヱヰが" ﾗ";SSｷど
ﾗﾐ;ﾉ"I Wﾏ; ﾗﾐ "ふﾗﾐW"ｷﾐ";" ﾏ;ﾉﾉ"ﾃ; ";ﾐS" ｷ ｴ";ﾐ"; ﾗど
Iｷ; WS" ; "I
;ﾉぶ" W W" WIﾗ W WS";Sﾃ;IWﾐ " ﾗ" ﾗﾗﾏ"
;ﾉﾉ "ｷﾐ" W " WﾐIｴW "W; "ﾗa" ｴW" ﾉ; ﾗ ﾏ"ﾏﾗ ﾐSく"Eﾗ "
W " WﾐIｴW " W W";ﾉ ﾗ" ﾉ;IWS"ｷﾐ"; W; " ｷ ｴﾗ " ｷ ｷHﾉW"
a;IW" ｷｪﾐ "ﾗa"; Iｴｷ WI W" ﾗ" ｴW" W ";ﾐS"ﾐﾗ ｴ"ﾗa"
ｴW" ﾉ; ﾗ ﾏ"ﾏﾗ ﾐSく"~ｴW W"W I; ; ﾗﾐ "SｷS"ﾐﾗ " ﾐIﾗ ど
W " ;ﾐ " H ｷ;ﾉ く" 1 Wﾐ " gWﾉS" Iｴﾗﾗﾉ " ; W" ﾐﾗ" ﾉﾗﾐｪW " aﾗど
I WS"ﾗﾐ"ﾉﾗI; ﾐｪ";ﾐS"W I; ; ﾐｪ"H ｷ;ﾉ "; "⁄Nyく
cﾗ " ｷﾐSｷ ｷS ;ﾉ " ; " ⁄Ny" W W" I Wﾏ; WS" ふΒヶくヶ" W ど
IWﾐ ぶ";ﾐS" ﾉ;IWS"ｷﾐ ｷSW";" ; ｷW "ﾗa"IW ;ﾏｷI" W ";ﾐS"
ﾉW く" 7WIﾗ ; WS" IW ;ﾏｷI" ﾉW " ; ﾗIｷ; WS" ｷ ｴ" H ｷど
;ﾉ "ｷﾐIﾉ SW"Fｷﾉ;";ﾐS"~ I ﾗﾐ"vﾗﾉ Iｴ ﾗﾏWが"~;ﾐ W" W SW"
yWS‐ﾗﾐ‐0 dが" Fｷﾉ;" 0ﾉ;Iﾆ‐ﾗﾐ‐yWSが" };ﾐ" 1; ﾉﾗ が" ;ﾐS" }Wﾉﾉ "
yWS" ; W" ふK;ｪHW ｪ" ヱΓンΓぶく" jﾐW" I Wﾏ; ﾗﾐ" ; " aﾗ ﾐS"
Byrd et al.
106
JAzArch Spring 2012
Eｷｪ W"ヵく"} a;IW"SWﾐ ｷ "ﾏ; "ﾗa"ｴ ﾏ;ﾐ"HﾗﾐW"; "⁄ﾐｷ W ｷ "NﾐSｷ;ﾐ"y ｷﾐく"v W ｷﾗ ﾉ "W I; ; WS"; Iｴｷ WI
ｴｷｪｴﾉｷｪｴ WS"H "ｪ ; "S; ｴWS"ﾉｷﾐW く"cﾗSｷgWS" ﾗﾉ ｪﾗﾐ "; W" W ｷﾏ ﾗ WS";ﾐS"SWﾐ ｷ W " WIﾗ SWS"ﾗﾐ" ｴW"
Iｷ IﾉW く
ｷﾐ" ;" S Iﾆ‐ ｴ; WS" ﾃ; " ふ1 ﾏﾏｷﾐｪ " ヱΓンヵぶく" ]ｷﾏｷ WS" W "
ﾗa"ﾗ ｴW "; a;I " W W"; ﾗIｷ; WS" ｷ ｴ"H ｷ;ﾉ "; "⁄Nyく"
jﾐW";S ﾉ "ﾏ;ﾉW"ｷﾐｴ ﾏ; ﾗﾐ" ; " W ﾗ WS" ﾗ"ｴ; W"HWWﾐ"
H ｷWS" ｷ ｴ" ;ﾐ" ; ﾗIｷ; WS" WﾉWﾐｷ W" WﾐSWﾐ が" ﾗ W "
ｷﾐSﾉW" ｴﾗ ﾉが" ｴ WW" a ;ｪﾏWﾐ " ﾗa" ﾐ ﾗ ﾆWS" WﾉWﾐｷ Wが"
;ﾐS"g W" ｷWIW "ﾗa" ; "I
;ﾉ"ふ;; ﾗﾐ"ヱΓンΓぶく"~ｴｷ "ｷﾐど
Sｷ ｷS ;ﾉ" ; " ﾐﾗ " ; ﾗIｷ; WS" ｷ ｴ" ; Iｴｷ WI W" H " ;ど
ｴW " ｷ ｴ" ;" ; ｴ" ﾏﾗ ﾐSく" ~ｴW W"
W " ﾗa" ; a;I "
ふﾏｷﾐW ;ﾉ が"ﾃW Wﾉ が"W Iくぶ" W W" W "ﾉｷﾏｷ WS"ｷﾐ"⁄Ny"H ｷど
;ﾉ ";ﾐS"aﾗ " ｴｷ " W; ﾗﾐ" W W"W Iﾉ SWS"a ﾗﾏ" ｴｷ " S く
Evaluating Sampling Bias
0Waﾗ W" W ﾐｪ" ｴW" ｴ ﾗ ｴW ｷ " ｴ; " H ｷ;ﾉ" ﾉ;IWど
ﾏWﾐ "; "⁄Ny" ; "SｷdW Wﾐ ;ﾉﾉ "; ﾗIｷ; WS" ｷ ｴ"; Iｴｷ WIど
Wが" ｷ " ｷ " ｷﾏ ﾗ ;ﾐ " ﾗ" SWﾏﾗﾐ ; W" ｴ; " W I; ; ﾗﾐ"
SｷS" ﾐﾗ " W ﾉ " ｷﾐ" ｴW" IﾗﾉﾉWI ﾗﾐ" ﾗa" ;" Hｷ; WS" H ｷ;ﾉ" aW;ど
W" ;ﾏ ﾉW"ふｷくWくが" ｴ; " WaW Wﾐ ;ﾉ"W I; ; ﾗﾐ"ｷﾐ"; Iｴｷど
WI ;ﾉ" ﾐｷ " SｷS" ﾐﾗ " W ﾉ " ｷﾐ" ｴW" ｷSWﾐ gI; ﾗﾐ" ﾗa" ;"
ｴｷｪｴW " ﾗ ﾗ ﾗﾐ"ﾗa"ｷﾐ ;ﾏ ;ﾉ"H ｷ;ﾉ " ｴ;ﾐ" ｴW" ﾗ ど
ﾉ; ﾗﾐ"Iﾗﾐ ;ｷﾐ ぶく"~ｴ が" W"; W WS" ｴW"ﾉｷﾆWﾉｷｴﾗﾗS" ｴ; "
ｴW" ﾏW;ﾐ" ﾐ ﾏHW " ﾗa" HﾗﾐW" a ;ｪﾏWﾐ " aﾗ ﾐS" ﾗﾐ" ｴW"
;ﾉ" ﾐｷ "; W"
a;IW"; W"ﾐﾗ WS"ｷﾐ"
a;IW" ｷﾐ" ﾐW I; ; WS" ; W; " ｷ " ; ﾗ ｷﾏ; Wﾉ " ｴW"
;ﾏW"; " ｴW"ﾏW;ﾐ"ﾐ ﾏHW "ﾗa"HﾗﾐW"a ;ｪﾏWﾐ "aﾗ ﾐS"ｷﾐ"
; W; " ｷ ｴ" W ｷﾗ ﾉ "W I; ; WS"; Iｴｷ WI Wく" W" WS"
;ﾐ"ｷﾐSW WﾐSWﾐ " ;ﾏ ﾉW " ‐ W " ﾗ"W ;ﾉ ; W";"ｴ ﾗ ｴWど
ｷ " ｴ; " ｴW" ﾏW;ﾐ" ﾐ ﾏHW " ﾗa" HﾗﾐW" a ;ｪﾏWﾐ " ｷﾐ" W;Iｴ"
ﾗa" ｴW" ﾗ"; W; "ｷ "a ﾗﾏ" ｴW" ;ﾏW" ﾗ ﾉ; ﾗﾐく"
~ﾗ" W aﾗ ﾏ" ｴW" W が" W"g " ;ﾉﾉｷWS" ｴW"ﾐ ﾏHW "ﾗa"
ｴ ﾏ;ﾐ"HﾗﾐW"a ;ｪﾏWﾐ " WIﾗ SWS"S ｷﾐｪ" ｴW"ヲヰヱヰ"gWﾉS"
Iｴﾗﾗﾉ"
a;IW"
W " ｷ ｴｷﾐ" ｪ ｷSSWS" ヲヵ" ﾏ"
a;IW"
ﾐｷ く" W" ｴWﾐ"I W; WS";"SWﾐ ｷ "ﾏ; "ﾗa" ｴW"Sｷ ｷH ど
ﾗﾐ" ﾗa" a;IW" HﾗﾐW" ふEｷｪ W" ヵぶく" W" WS" ;" ﾏﾗSｷgWS"
ﾗﾉ ｪﾗﾐ"; ﾗ;Iｴ"ふIﾗﾐ ;ｷﾐWS"H " ｴW"ｪ ｷS‐H; WS"S; ;ぶ"
ﾗ"ｷSWﾐ a " Wﾐ"SｷdW Wﾐ " WI ﾗﾐ "ﾗa" ｴW" ｷ W" ｴ; "Wｷ ｴW "
ヱぶ"ﾉ;IﾆWS" W ｷﾗ ﾉ "W I; ; WS"; Iｴｷ WI ;ﾉ" ﾐｷ "ﾗ "ヲぶ"
W W" ; ﾗIｷ; WS" ｷ ｴ" W I; ; WS" ; Iｴｷ WI W" ふ WW" Eｷｪど
W"ヵぶく"dW が" W"I;ﾉI ﾉ; WS" ｴW"ﾏW;ﾐ"ﾐ ﾏHW "ﾗa"HﾗﾐW"
a ;ｪﾏWﾐ " aﾗ ﾐS" ｷﾐ" ｴﾗ W" WI ﾗﾐ " ｴ; " ﾉ;IﾆWS" W ｷど
ﾗ ﾉ "W I; ; WS"; Iｴｷ WI W";ﾐS" ｴW"ﾏW;ﾐ"ﾐ ﾏHW "ﾗa"
a ;ｪﾏWﾐ "ｷﾐ" ｴﾗ W" ｴ; "Iﾗﾐ ;ｷﾐWS"W I; ; WS"; Iｴｷ WIど
Wく"dﾗ W" ｴ; " ｴW" a;IW"SWﾐ ｷ "ﾏ; " ｴﾗ ";"ｪ W; "
SW;ﾉ"ﾗa" ; ｷ;Hｷﾉｷ "ｷﾐ" ｴW"ﾏW;ﾐ"ﾐ ﾏHW "ﾗa"HﾗﾐW "ｷSWﾐ ど
Byrd et al.
107
gWS"ﾗﾐ" ｴW" a;IW" ｷ ｴｷﾐ" ｴW" ﾗﾉ ｪﾗﾐ が" Wｪ; SﾉW "ﾗa"
; ﾗIｷ; ﾗﾐ" ｷ ｴ" W ｷﾗ ﾉ "W I; ; WS"; Iｴｷ WI Wく
Eｷﾐ;ﾉﾉ が" W" W aﾗ ﾏWS" ;ﾐ" ｷﾐSW WﾐSWﾐ " ;ﾏ ﾉW " ‐
W " ﾗ"W ;ﾉ ; W";"ﾐ ﾉﾉ"ｴ ﾗ ｴW ｷ " ｴ; " ｴW"ﾏW;ﾐ"ﾐ ﾏど
HW " ﾗa" a ;ｪﾏWﾐ " ｷﾐ" WI ﾗﾐ " ｷ ｴﾗ " W ｷﾗ ﾉ " W I;ど
; WS"; Iｴｷ WI W"ｷ "a ﾗﾏ" ｴW" ;ﾏW" ﾗ ﾉ; ﾗﾐ"; " ｴW"
ﾏW;ﾐ"ﾐ ﾏHW "ﾗa"a ;ｪﾏWﾐ "ｷﾐ" WI ﾗﾐ " ｷ ｴ"W I; ; WS"
; Iｴｷ WI Wく"~ｴW" ‐ W "SｷS"ﾐﾗ " WﾃWI " ｴｷ "ﾐ ﾉﾉ"ｴ ﾗ ｴど
W ｷ "ふ "Э"ヰくΓヱヴき"Sa"Э"Βが" "Э"ヰくンΒΑぶく"~ｴ が"ｷ "ｷ "ﾉｷﾆWﾉ " ｴ; "
ｴW" ﾗ"ﾏW;ﾐ "; W"a ﾗﾏ" ｴW" ;ﾏW" ﾗ ﾉ; ﾗﾐく"
W" ｴW Waﾗ W" ｷﾐaW " ｴ; " ;ﾏ ﾉｷﾐｪ" Hｷ; " a ﾗﾏ" ; "
W I; ; ﾗﾐ " ｷ " ﾐﾗ " ;" ｷｪﾐｷgI;ﾐ " Iﾗﾐaﾗ ﾐSｷﾐｪ" a;I ﾗ " ﾗ"
ｴW"; ﾗIｷ; ﾗﾐ"ﾗa"ﾏﾗ ; "aW; W " ｷ ｴ"; Iｴｷ WI ;ﾉ"
ﾐｷ "; "⁄Nyく"j ｴW "aﾗ ﾏ; ﾗﾐ" ﾗIW W ";ﾐS"ﾉ; ｪW " ﾗど
Iｷ;ﾉ" ｴWﾐﾗﾏWﾐ;" ﾉｷﾆWﾉ " Iﾗﾐ ｷH WS" ﾗ" ｴW" Sｷ ｷH ﾗﾐ"
ﾗa" I Wﾏ; WS" ｴ ﾏ;ﾐ" HﾗﾐW" ﾗﾐ" ｴW" ｷ W" a;IWく" cﾗ "
ｷﾏ ﾗ ;ﾐ ﾉ が" ｴﾗ W W が" ｴW W" W ﾉ " ｷﾐSｷI; W" ｴ; " W"
I;ﾐ" ﾗIWWS" ｷ ｴ" W ﾐｪ" ｴW" IWﾐ ;ﾉ" ｴ ﾗ ｴW ｷ " Wど
ｪ; Sｷﾐｪ" ;" ﾗIｷ;ﾉﾉ ‐SW W ﾏｷﾐWS" ; ﾗIｷ; ﾗﾐ" HW WWﾐ"
ﾏﾗ ; "aW; W ";ﾐS"; Iｴｷ WI Wく
Testing the Association between Burial
Placement and Architecture
~ｴW" ﾏ;ﾃﾗ ｷ " ﾗa" H ｷ;ﾉ " ふﾐ" Э" ヴヲが" ヶヶくヱ" W IWﾐ ぶ" Wど
Iﾗ W WS" ; " ⁄ﾐｷ W ｷ " NﾐSｷ;ﾐ" y ｷﾐ" ﾗ W " ｴW" ; " Βヰ"
W; " W W"Sｷ WI ﾉ "; ﾗIｷ; WS" ｷ ｴ"; Iｴｷ WI ;ﾉ" ﾐｷ く"
~ｴW W"H ｷ;ﾉ"aW; W " W W" ﾉ;IWS"ｷﾐ" ﾗﾗﾏ が";ﾉﾗﾐｪ"ﾗ ど
W " ;ﾉﾉ が" ;Sﾃ;IWﾐ " ﾗ" ; Iｴｷ WI ;ﾉ" ｪ ﾗ が" ;ﾐS" ｷ ｴｷﾐ"
ｴW" ﾉ; ﾗ ﾏ" ﾏﾗ ﾐSく" } ﾏﾏ; " ;
I " ｪｪW " ｴ; "
ｴW W"ｷ ";ﾐ"; ﾗIｷ; ﾗﾐ"HW WWﾐ"H ｷ;ﾉ";ﾐS"; Iｴｷ WI W"
; "⁄Nyく
#" Iｴｷ‐ ; W" ;ﾐ;ﾉ ｷ " ; " IﾗﾐS I WS" ﾗ" W " ;" ｴ ど
ﾗ ｴW ｷ " ｴ; " ｴW" ﾗH W WS" a W WﾐI " ﾗa" ⁄Ny" H ｷ;ﾉ "
; ﾗIｷ; WS" ｷ ｴ"; Iｴｷ WI W"ｷ " ｷｪﾐｷgI;ﾐ ﾉ "ｴｷｪｴW " ｴ;ﾐ"
W WI WS" ｷa" H ｷ;ﾉ" ﾉ;IWﾏWﾐ " ;ﾐS" ; Iｴｷ WI W" ; W" ｷﾐど
SW WﾐSWﾐ く"yW ﾉ "ﾗa" ｴW" W " W W;ﾉ" ｴ; " ｴW"a W Wﾐど
~;HﾉW"ンく"} W; ﾏ;ﾐ"Iﾗ Wﾉ; ﾗﾐ";ﾐ;ﾉ ｷ "ﾗa"ﾏﾗ
; ｷ;HﾉW "; "⁄Nyく
]ﾗI
0 ｷ;ﾉ
~ W
ﾐ
]ﾗI っ
# W;
# Iｴく
# ﾗIく
Fﾗ
ﾐ
ヰくンヱヶ
ヰくヰヱン
ヶヱ
# Iｴく"
# ﾗIく
‐ヰくヱヴΓ
ヰくヲヴヶ
ヶヲ
ヰくヱヶΑ
ヰくヱΓΑ
ヶヱ
ﾐ
ｷﾐｪ
ﾐ
# a;I
~ W
ﾐ
}ｴ;SWSぎ"}ｷｪﾐｷgI;ﾐ "; " ｴW"ヰくヰヵ"ﾉW Wﾉ
Fﾗ
ｷﾐｪ
ヰくヴンΓ
ヰくヰヰヰ
ヶヲ
ヰくヰΒΓ
ヰくヴΓヴ
ヶヱ
ヰくヱΓン
ヰくヱンン
ヶヲ
; "
# a;I "
~ W
‐ヰくンヴヱ
ヰくヰヰン
Αヵ
‐ヰくンヰヴ
ヰくヰヱΑ
ヶヱ
ヰくヱヰヵ
ヰくヴヱヵ
ヶヲ
‐ヰくヱヲヲ
ヰくンΒΑ
ヶヲ
JAzArch Spring 2012
I " ﾗa" H ｷ;ﾉ " ; ﾗIｷ; WS" ｷ ｴ" ; Iｴｷ WI W" ; " ⁄Ny" ｷ "
ｴｷｪｴW " ｴ;ﾐ";ﾐ Iｷ ; WS"ふ‐ヲ"Э"ヶくンヵヱヶが"Sa"Э"ヱが"ﾐ"Э"ヶヲが" "б"
ヰくヰヱぶく" ~ｴW W" W ﾉ "
ﾗ " ﾗ " IWﾐ ;ﾉ" ｴ ﾗ ｴW ｷ "
ｴ; "ﾏﾗ ; "aW; W "; W"a W Wﾐ ﾉ "; ﾗIｷ; WS" ｷ ｴ"
; Iｴｷ WI W"; "⁄Nyく
Analysis of Mortuary Features
Eｷﾐ;ﾉﾉ が" W" ; Wﾏ WS" ﾗ" ｷSWﾐ a " Wﾉ; ﾗﾐ ｴｷ "
ｷ ｴｷﾐ";ﾐS";ﾏﾗﾐｪ";"ﾐ ﾏHW "ﾗa"SｷdW Wﾐ " ; ｷH W "ﾗa"
ｴW"H ｷ;ﾉ"aW; W " ﾐIﾗ W WS"; "⁄Nyく"cﾗ W" WIｷgI;ﾉﾉ が"
W" W ﾉﾗ WS" Wﾉ; ﾗﾐ ｴｷ " ;ﾏﾗﾐｪ" ｴW" aﾗﾉﾉﾗ ｷﾐｪ" ; ｷ;ど
HﾉW ぎ"H ｷ;ﾉ" Wが" ｷ W"ﾉﾗI が"ｪ ﾗ ｷﾐｪ"ふ ｷﾐｪ ﾉ; "aW; W"
く"Iﾉ W WS"aW; W ぶが"IW ;ﾏｷI" W";ﾐS"IW ;ﾏｷI"SWIど
ﾗ ; ﾗﾐ" ﾉWく" W" WS";"} W; ﾏ;ﾐ"ﾐﾗﾐ ; ;ﾏW ｷI"Iﾗ ど
Wﾉ; ﾗﾐ";ﾐ;ﾉ ｷ " ﾗ" W "aﾗ " ;
I;ﾉﾉ " ｷｪﾐｷgI;ﾐ "Iﾗ ど
Wﾉ; ﾗﾐ ";ﾏﾗﾐｪ" ; ｷ;HﾉW く" ｷ ｴ" ｴｷ "Iﾗ Wﾉ; ﾗﾐ";ﾐ;ﾉ ど
ｷ が" W" W W";HﾉW" ﾗ"Sｷ ﾐｪ ｷ ｴ";SSｷ ﾗﾐ;ﾉ" Wﾉ; ﾗﾐ ｴｷ "
HW WWﾐ"ﾏﾗ ; " ;I IW ";ﾐS"; Iｴｷ WI W"; "⁄Nyく
~ｴW"} W; ﾏ;ﾐ"Iﾗ Wﾉ; ﾗﾐ";ﾐ;ﾉ ｷ "ｷSWﾐ gWS" ; ど
I;ﾉﾉ " ｷｪﾐｷgI;ﾐ " Iﾗ Wﾉ; ﾗﾐ " ;ﾏﾗﾐｪ" ｴW" aﾗﾉﾉﾗ ｷﾐｪ"
;ｷ " ﾗa" ; ｷ;HﾉW ぎ" ヱぶ" H ｷ;ﾉ" W" ;ﾐS" ﾉﾗI が" ヲぶ" H ｷ;ﾉ"
ｪ ﾗ ｷﾐｪ"ふ ｷﾐｪ ﾉ; " く"Iﾉ W WSぶ";ﾐS"; a;I " Wが";ﾐS"
ンぶ" ﾉﾗI " ;ﾐS" ; a;I " W" ふ~;HﾉW" ンぶく" ~ｴW" Wﾉ; ﾗﾐ ｴｷ "
HW WWﾐ"H ｷ;ﾉ" W";ﾐS" ｷ W"ﾉﾗI "ふ "Э"ヰくンヱヶが" "а"ヰくヰヵぶ"
ｷﾐSｷI; W " ｴ; " I Wﾏ; ﾗﾐ " W W" ﾏﾗ W" ｷSW W;S"
;I ﾗ " ｴW" ｷ W" ｴ;ﾐ"ｷﾐｴ ﾏ; ﾗﾐ く"~ｴW" Wﾉ; ﾗﾐ ｴｷ "HWど
WWﾐ" H ｷ;ﾉ" W" ;ﾐS" ｪ ﾗ ｷﾐｪが" ﾗﾐW" ﾗa" ｴW" ﾗﾐｪW "
ｷSWﾐ gWS" Iﾗ Wﾉ; ﾗﾐ が" ふ " Э" ヰくヴンΓが" " а" ヰくヰヰヱぶ" W W;ﾉ "
ｴ; " ｷﾐｴ ﾏ; ﾗﾐ " W W" ;ﾉ ; " ｷﾐｪ ﾉ; " ﾏﾗ ; " aW;ど
W が" ｴｷﾉW" ｴW"ﾏ;ﾃﾗ ｷ "ﾗa"I Wﾏ; ﾗﾐ " W W" ﾉ;IWS"ｷﾐ"
ｪ ﾗ " ﾗ " Iﾉ W く" #" ｷｪﾐｷgI;ﾐ " Wﾉ; ﾗﾐ ｴｷ " HW WWﾐ"
H ｷ;ﾉ" W" ;ﾐS" ; a;I " ふIW ;ﾏｷIぶ" W" ふ " Э" ‐くンヴヱが" " а"
ヰくヰヵぶ"SWﾏﾗﾐ ; W " ｴ; "I Wﾏ; ﾗﾐ "; "⁄Ny"; W"; ﾗIｷど
; WS" ｷ ｴ";"ｪ W; W "Sｷ W ｷ "ﾗa"IW ;ﾏｷI" W き" Iｴ"; "
ﾗﾉﾉ; が" ﾐ が"ﾃ; が";ﾐS" ｷ IｴW き" ｴ;ﾐ"ｷﾐｴ ﾏ; ﾗﾐ が" ｴｷIｴ"
; W"ﾏﾗ "ﾗｦWﾐ"; ﾗIｷ; WS" ｷ ｴ"Hﾗ ﾉ く"0 ｷ;ﾉ "; ﾗIｷ; ど
WS" ｷ ｴ" ｷ W" ﾉﾗIｷ" Iﾗﾐ ;ｷﾐｷﾐｪ" ; Iｴｷ WI ;ﾉ" Iﾗﾏ ﾗ ﾐS "
Iﾗﾐ ;ｷﾐ" ｷﾏｷﾉ; "IW ;ﾏｷI" W "ふ "Э"‐ヰくンヰヴが" "а"ヰくヰヵぶく"
DISCUSSION
# a;I "
} ﾉW
ヰくヰヲヱ
ヰくΒヶヱ
ヶΓ
ヰくヰヶヲ
ヰくヶヵヵ
ヵヵ
ヰくヲヱヴ
ヰくヱヱヴ
ヵヶ
‐ヰくヰヵヴ
ヰくヶΓヱ
ヵヶ
ヰくヰヶヶ
ヰくヵΓヲ
ヶΓ
yW ﾉ "
ﾗ " ﾗ " ｴ ﾗ ｴW ｷ " ｴ; " ｴW W" ｷ " ;ﾐ"
; ﾗIｷ; ﾗﾐ" HW WWﾐ" H ｷ;ﾉ" aW; W " ;ﾐS" ; Iｴｷ WI W"
; " ⁄Nyく" ~ｴW W" aW; W " ﾉｷﾆWﾉ " a ﾐI ﾗﾐWS" ﾗ" Wｷﾐaﾗ IW"
; ﾗﾐWS" ;IW" ;ﾏﾗﾐｪ" Iﾗ ﾗ ; W" ｪ ﾗ が" ﾗﾏW" ﾗa"
ｴｷIｴ" ﾏ; " W W Wﾐ " さｴﾗ W くざ" }W W ;ﾉ" ; ｴﾗ " ｴ ど
ﾗ ｴW ｷ W" ｴ; "Kﾗｴﾗﾆ;ﾏ" ﾗﾉｷ I;ﾉ"
I W"Iﾗﾐ ;ｷﾐWS";"
ﾗﾐｪ" ﾆｷﾐ ｴｷ " Iﾗﾏ ﾗﾐWﾐ " ｷﾐ" ｴｷIｴ" ﾗ W " ;ﾐS" WIﾗど
ﾐﾗﾏｷI" Iﾗﾐ ﾗﾉ" ; " SｷdW Wﾐ ;ﾉﾉ " Sｷ ｷH WS" ;ﾏﾗﾐｪ"
ｴﾗ W " ふ1 ;ｷｪ" W " ;ﾉく" ヱΓΓΒき" 7ﾗ Wﾉ" ;ﾐS" Eｷ ｴ" ヲヰヰヰぶく" W"
ｪｪW " ｴ; " SWIｷ ｷﾗﾐ " Wｪ; Sｷﾐｪ" H ｷ;ﾉ" ﾉﾗI; ﾗﾐ"
ﾗ ﾆWS" ﾗ" ﾉWｪｷ ﾏｷ W" ﾗIｷ;ﾉ" ｪ ﾗ " ;ﾐS" ｷﾐｴW ｷ ;ﾐIW"
;I IW "S ｷﾐｪ" ｴW"1ﾉ; ｷI" W ｷﾗS"; "⁄Ny"ふNﾐ";SSｷ ﾗﾐが"
ﾐﾗ ﾗﾐ " ﾗa" H ｷ;ﾉ" ;Iｷﾐｪ" ぷｪ ﾗ ｷﾐｪへ" ;ﾐS" ｴW" ｷﾐIﾉ ｷﾗﾐ"
ﾗa" IW ;ｷﾐ" IW ;ﾏｷI" W " ｷﾐ" H ｷ;ﾉ" aW; W " ﾏ; " ｴ; W"
;ﾉ ﾗ" Iﾗﾐ ｷH WS" ﾗ" ｪ ﾗ " ｷSWﾐ W ぶく" 1ﾗﾐIW " ﾗa" ﾗど
Byrd et al.
108
Iｷ;ﾉ" SｷdW Wﾐ ; ﾗﾐ" ;ﾐS" ﾉｷﾏｷ WS" ;IIW " ; W" W｡WI WS"
ｴ ﾗ ｪｴ" ｴW" Iﾗﾐ
I ﾗﾐ" ﾗa" ;ﾉﾉWS" Iﾗﾏ ﾗ ﾐS が" W "
ｷﾐ W W ; ﾗﾐ " ﾗa" ﾗIｷ;ﾉ" ﾗ ｪ;ﾐｷ ; ﾗﾐ" H; WS" ﾗﾐ" ; Iｴｷど
WI W" ;ﾉﾗﾐW" ; W" ｷﾐ;SW ; W" ふ1 ﾗ ﾐ" ;ﾐS" Eｷ ｴ" ヱΓΓヶぶく"
NﾐIﾗ ﾗ ; ﾐｪ" S; ;" ｷﾐ ﾗﾉ ｷﾐｪ" ﾏﾗ ; " HWｴ; ｷﾗ " ;ﾐS"
; a;I " ; WﾏHﾉ;ｪW " ﾗ ｷSW " ;" ﾏﾗ W" SW ;ｷﾉWS" ﾐSW ど
;ﾐSｷﾐｪ"ﾗa" ﾗIｷ;ﾉ"ﾗ ｪ;ﾐｷ ; ﾗﾐ"; " Iｴ" ｷ W く
W" ﾗ ﾗ W" ｴ; " 1 ;ｷｪげ "ふヲヰヱヰぶ" ; ﾉｷI; ﾗﾐ"ﾗa" ｴW"
]Y ｷ‐} ; ｷ;ﾐ"さｴﾗ Wざ" ﾗ"Kﾗｴﾗﾆ;ﾏ"Iﾗﾏﾏ ﾐｷ W "ﾏ; "
ｴWﾉ " ﾗ"W ﾉ;ｷﾐが"ｷﾐ" ; が"H ｷ;ﾉ"ｷﾐ";ﾐS"; ﾗ ﾐS"; Iｴｷ WIど
W" ; " ﾗﾏW" 1ﾉ; ｷI" W ｷﾗS" Kﾗｴﾗﾆ;ﾏ" ｷ W " ふ WW" ;ﾉ ﾗ"
1 ;ｷｪ" ヲヰヰΑぶく" yWIWﾐ ﾉ が" 1 ;ｷｪ" ふヲヰヱヰぶ"
WS" ]Y ｷ‐
} ; げ" ふヱΓΒΑぶ" IﾗﾐIW " ﾗa" ;" さｴﾗ Wざ" ふﾏ;ｷ ﾗﾐぶ" ﾗ" W ど
;ﾏｷﾐW" ｴW" W ｷ WﾐIW" ﾗa" Kﾗｴﾗﾆ;ﾏ" Iﾗ
; S" ｪ ﾗ "
;ﾐS" ｴW" ﾗ Wﾐ ;ﾉ" ﾏ;ｷﾐ Wﾐ;ﾐIW" ﾗa" ;ﾐ" W ; W" WS" ﾗ"
ﾗ W " ｴﾗﾉSｷﾐｪ く" ]Y ｷ‐} ; " ふヱΓΒΑぶ" SWgﾐWS" ｴW"
さｴﾗ Wざ"; が"さ;"Iﾗ ﾗ ; W"HﾗS "ｴﾗﾉSｷﾐｪ";ﾐ"W ; W"ﾏ;SW"
"ﾗa"Hﾗ ｴ"ﾏ; W ｷ;ﾉ";ﾐS"ｷﾏﾏ; W ｷ;ﾉ" W;ﾉ ｴが" ｴｷIｴ" W ど
W ; W " ｷ Wﾉa" ｴ ﾗ ｪｴ" ｴW" ;ﾐ ﾏｷ ｷﾗﾐ" ﾗa" ｷ " ﾐ;ﾏWが"
ｷ " ｪﾗﾗS が" ;ﾐS" ｷ " ﾉW " Sﾗ ﾐ" ;" W;ﾉ"ﾗ " ｷﾏ;ｪｷﾐ; " ﾉｷﾐWが"
ふｷ " ｷ ぶ" Iﾗﾐ ｷSW WS" ﾉWｪｷ ﾏ; W" ; " ﾉﾗﾐｪ" ; " ｴｷ " Iﾗﾐ ﾐ ｷ "
I;ﾐ"W W "ｷ Wﾉa"ｷﾐ" ｴW"ﾉ;ﾐｪ ;ｪW"ﾗa"ﾆｷﾐ ｴｷ "ﾗ "ﾗa";qﾐｷど
が";ﾐS"ﾏﾗ "ﾗｦWﾐが"ﾗa"Hﾗ ｴざ"ふ WW"0WIﾆ"ヲヰヰΑき"Yﾗ IW";ﾐS"
FｷﾉﾉW ｷW" ヲヰヰヰき";ﾐS"FｷﾉﾉW ｷW"ヲヰヰヰI"aﾗ "; ﾉｷI; ﾗﾐ "ﾗa"
ｴW"さｴﾗ Wざ" ﾗ" ｴW"; Iｴ;WﾗﾉﾗｪｷI;ﾉ" WIﾗ Sぶく"Nﾐ"ｴｷ "; ﾉｷど
I; ﾗﾐ" ﾗa" ｴｷ " ｷSW;が" 1 ;ｷｪ" ふヲヰヱヰぎ" Αヲ‐Αヵぶ" ｷSWﾐ gWS" ｴW"
Iﾗ
; S"ｪ ﾗ "; " ｴW"I ﾉ ;ﾉ";ﾐS"; Iｴｷ WI ;ﾉ"aﾗ ﾐど
S; ﾗﾐ" aﾗ " ]Y ｷ‐} ; ｷ;ﾐ" さｴﾗ W ざ" ｷﾐ" Kﾗｴﾗﾆ;ﾏ" Iﾗﾏど
ﾏ ﾐｷ W " ふ ｷﾉIﾗ " ヱΓΒヱ" W " ;ﾉぶく" KW" ﾗH W WS" ｴ; " Iど
IW a ﾉが"; ｷ ﾗI ; I"さｴﾗ W ざ" W W" ｴﾗ W" ｴ; " W ｷ WS"
ﾗ W " ﾏWが";ﾐS" ｴ "SWﾏﾗﾐ ; WS" ﾗﾏW" W ｷﾉｷWﾐIWく"Nﾐ"
;SSｷ ﾗﾐが"ｴW" ; WS" ｴ; "さぷﾏへ ﾉ ‐ｴﾗ WｴﾗﾉS" W ｷSWﾐ ;ﾉ"
Iﾗﾏ ﾗ ﾐS " ｴﾗ ﾉS" HW" Iﾗﾐ ｷSW WS" I;ﾐSｷS; W " aﾗ " ; ｷ ど
ﾗI ; I" ｴﾗ W ざが" HWI; W" ｴW " Sｷ ﾉ; WS" W ｷSWﾐ ;ﾉ"
Iﾗﾐ ﾐ ｷ が" ﾗ Wﾐ ;ﾉ"ｷﾐ ;‐ｪWﾐW ; ﾗﾐ;ﾉ" ;ﾐ aW "ﾗa" ;ﾉど
;HﾉW" ﾗ W "ふｷくWくが"Iﾗﾐ ﾗﾉ"ﾗa" W ﾗ IW ぶが";ﾐS"; ﾗIｷ;ど
ﾗﾐ" ｷ ｴ" H ｷ;ﾉ" aW; W " ふ1 ;ｷｪ" ヲヰヱヰぎ" Αンぶく" ~ｴ が" ｷ " ｷ "
W; ﾗﾐ;HﾉW" ﾗ" ｷW ";SﾗHW"Iﾗﾏ ﾗ ﾐS "; "⁄Ny"; " ﾗ Wﾐど
;ﾉ"さｴﾗ W くざ
W" ｪｪW " ｴ; " ｴW" ｴ ｷI;ﾉ" ;I " ﾗa" ｷﾐ W ｷﾐｪ" ;"
ﾏWﾏHW "ﾗa" ｴW"ﾉｷﾐW;ｪW" ｷ ｴｷﾐ"ﾗ "; ﾗ ﾐS" ｴW"; Iｴｷ WIど
;ﾉ" ﾐｷ が"; "ﾗ ﾗ WS" ﾗ";ﾐ"W W ﾐ;ﾉ"IWﾏW W " ｴ; WS"
H " ﾏ ﾉ ﾉW" ﾉｷﾐW;ｪW が" ﾏ; " IﾗﾐﾐWI " Iﾉ;ｷﾏ " ﾗa" ;"
さｴﾗ Wげ ざ" ﾉWｪｷ ﾏ;I " ﾗ" ｴW" ; " ふ1 ;ｷｪ" ヲヰヱヰぎ" Αヲ‐Αンき"
WW" ;ﾉ ﾗ" #S;ﾏ " ;ﾐS" [ｷﾐｪ" ヲヰヱヱが" KWﾉﾏ " ヱΓΓΒき" FｷﾉﾉW ｷW"
ヲヰヰヰ;がHき"Yﾗ IW"ヲヰヰヰぶく"~ｴｷ "I;ﾐ"HW"SﾗﾐW"ﾏﾗ W"WdWI Wど
ﾉ " ｷ;" けSｷ WI " Iﾗﾐ ;I げ" HW WWﾐ" ｴW" SWIW; WS" ;ﾐS" ｴW"
ﾉｷ ｷﾐｪ" ｷ ｴｷﾐ" ﾉｷ ｷﾐｪっSﾗﾏW I" ;IW " ｷﾐ" ｪ ﾗ ｷﾐｪ" Iﾗﾏど
ﾏ ﾐｷ W "ふ1 ;ｷｪ"ヲヰヱヰぎ"Αンき"FｷﾉﾉW ｷW"ヲヰヰヰ;ぎヱΓぶく"~ｴW" ｷど
; ; ﾗﾐ" ﾗa" H ｷ;ﾉ " ｷﾐ W WS" ｷ ｴｷﾐが" ﾗ " ;Sﾃ;IWﾐ " ﾗが"
ﾗﾗﾏ "SWﾏﾗﾐ ; W ";"IﾗﾐﾐWI ﾗﾐ"HW WWﾐ" ｴW" ;ﾐｪｷど
HﾉW" Wﾏ;ｷﾐ " ﾗa" ; " ｷﾐｴ;Hｷ ;ﾐ " ;ﾐS" ｴW" ﾗIｷﾗ‐
ﾏW ; ｴ ｷI;ﾉ"ﾏW ; ｴﾗ "ﾗa" ｴW"]Y ｷ‐} ; ｷ;ﾐ"さｴﾗ Wくざ
"}W W ;ﾉ" W W; IｴW "ｴ; W" ｪｪW WS" ｴ; ";ﾐIW ﾗ "
WﾐW ; ﾗﾐ"I;ﾐ" W W" ; ";"aﾗI "ﾗa"ｪ ﾗ "ｷSWﾐ "ｷﾐ";"
;Sｷ ﾗﾐ;ﾉ" ｴﾗ W" ﾗIｷW が" ;ﾐS" ;ﾐIW ;ﾉ" gｪ W " I;ﾐ"
JAzArch Spring 2012
ﾏHﾗﾉｷ W" ｴW" ﾗ ｷｪｷﾐ " ﾗa" ;" さｴﾗ Wざ" ふWくｪくが" 0WIﾆ" ヲヰヰΑき"
FｷﾉﾉW ｷW" ヲヰヰヰ;き" ;ﾐS" KWﾉﾏ " ヱΓΓΒぶく" cﾗ Wﾗ W が" ｷ ;ﾉ"
;I IW " ; ﾗIｷ; WS" ｷ ｴ" ;ﾐIW ﾗ " WﾐW ; ﾗﾐ" ｷﾐ" ｴW"
さｴﾗ Wざ"ﾏ; " ﾗ ｷSW";"ﾏWIｴ;ﾐｷ ﾏ"ﾗa"ｪ ﾗ "; ｴﾗ ｷ が"
;ﾐS";"ﾏW;ﾐ " ﾗ"Iﾗﾐ ﾗﾉ";IIW " ﾗ" ﾗ W " ｷｪｴ が"W Wど
Iｷ;ﾉﾉ " ﾗ"ﾉ;ﾐS"ふ1 ;ｷｪ"ヲヰヱヰき"FｷﾉﾉW ｷW"ヲヰヰヰHき"Yﾗ IW"ヲヰヰヰぶく"
# ﾉ ｷﾐｪ" ]W ｷ‐} ; げ " ふヱΓΒヲが" ヱΓΒΑぶ" IﾗﾐIW " ﾗa" ｴW"
さｴﾗ Wざ" ﾗ" ｷﾐｴ;Hｷ ;ﾐ " ﾗa" ;SﾗHW" Iﾗﾏ ﾉW W が" W" ｪど
ｪW " ｴ; "Iﾗﾏ ﾗ ﾐS" W ｷSWﾐ "ﾉｷﾆWﾉ "Iﾗﾗ W ; WS"; "Iﾗ ど
ﾗ ; W"Wﾐ W " ｷ ｴ" ｴWｷ "ﾗ ﾐ"ｷSWﾐ W ";ﾐS" W ﾗﾐ ｷど
Hｷﾉｷ W く" さKﾗ Wざ" W ｷSWﾐ " ﾉｷﾆWﾉ " ﾏ;ｷﾐ ;ｷﾐWS" Hﾗ ｴ" ﾏ;ど
W ｷ;ﾉ";ﾐS"ｷﾏﾏ; W ｷ;ﾉ" ﾗ W "ﾗ W "ﾏ;ﾐ "ｪWﾐW ; ﾗﾐ "
ｴ ﾗ ｪｴ" Hﾗ ｴ" SW IWﾐ " ;ﾐS" ﾏ; ｷ;ｪW" W " ふ]W ｷ‐} ; "
ヱΓΒヲが" ヱΓΒΑぶく" Nﾐ" ;SSｷ ﾗﾐが" ｷﾐ" ﾗ SW " aﾗ " ｴW" さｴﾗ Wざ" ﾗ"
W W ; Wが"さｴﾗ Wざ"ﾏWﾏHW "ﾗｦWﾐ"ﾏ;ﾆW" W"ﾗa" W;ﾉ"
ﾗ " gI W" ﾆｷﾐ ｴｷ が" ｷﾐ" W ﾏ " ﾗa" ;ﾉﾉｷ;ﾐIW" ;ﾐS" ;Sﾗ ﾗﾐ"
ふ]W ｷ‐} ; " ヱΓΒΑぶく" ~ｴ が" ｴﾗ W" ﾏWﾏHW " ;ﾐS" ｴWｷ "
ﾗ W "ｴﾗﾉSｷﾐｪ "; W";ﾐIｴﾗ WS" ﾗ";" WIｷgI"ﾉﾗI;ﾉW"g "
ｷﾐｴ;Hｷ WS"H "さｴﾗ Wざ";ﾐIW ﾗ が" ｴﾗﾏ"; W"ﾗｦWﾐ"H ど
ｷWS" ｴW W" ふKWﾉﾏ " ヱΓΓΒが" FｷﾉﾉW ｷW" ヲヰヰヰ;ぶく" cWﾏHW "
ｷｪｴ " ; W" ﾉWｪｷ ﾏｷ WS" ｴ ﾗ ｪｴ" ｴW W" aﾗ ﾏ " ﾗa" Sｷ WI "
IﾗﾐﾐWI ﾗﾐ" ﾗ" ｴW" ; く"
#ﾉ ｴﾗ ｪｴ"Hﾗ ｴ"ｷﾐｴ ﾏ; ﾗﾐ ";ﾐS"I Wﾏ; ﾗﾐ "; "⁄Ny"
; W; " ﾗ"HW"W ;ﾉﾉ "; ﾗIｷ; WS" ｷ ｴ"; Iｴｷ WI Wが" ｴW"
W ﾉ " ﾗa" ﾗ " ;ﾐ;ﾉ W " ｷﾉﾉ
; W" a ｴW " Sｷ ﾐI ﾗﾐ "
HW WWﾐ" ｴW" ﾗ" H ｷ;ﾉ"
W く" 1 Wﾏ; ﾗﾐ" ; " ｴW"
Sﾗﾏｷﾐ; W" ;I IW"; "⁄Ny";ﾐS"Iﾗ W ﾗﾐS " ﾗ" ; W ﾐ "
aﾗ ﾐS"; "ﾗ ｴW "1ﾉ; ｷI" W ｷﾗS" ｷ W "ｷﾐ" ｴW"~ I ﾗﾐ"H; ｷﾐが"
Iｴ" ; " ́;ﾐ; SWﾉﾉｷが" ” ﾏ;" ; ｴが" y;HｷS" y ｷﾐが" ;ﾐS" ]ﾗ "
cﾗ W ﾗ " ふy HﾉW" W " ;ﾉく" ヲヰヰΓき" 1W W ﾗ‐yﾗﾏ;ﾐ‐
cI1ﾉWﾉﾉ;ﾐS" ヲヰヰΒき" 7く" }Iｴ ; が" W ﾗﾐ;ﾉ" Iﾗﾏﾏ ﾐｷI;ど
ﾗﾐき" K;ﾏﾏ;Iﾆ" ;ﾐS" } ﾉﾉｷ ;ﾐ" ヱΓヶΒき" K;ﾏﾏ;Iﾆ" ;ﾐS"
K IﾆWﾉﾉ"ヱΓヶΓき" ;ﾉﾉ;IW"ヱΓΓヵぶく"j " W ﾉ ";ﾉ ﾗ"SWﾏﾗﾐど
; W" ;" ｷｪﾐｷgI;ﾐ " Wﾉ; ﾗﾐ ｴｷ " HW WWﾐ" H ｷ;ﾉ"
W"
;ﾐS"ｪ ﾗ ｷﾐｪき"I Wﾏ; ﾗﾐ " W W"ﾗｦWﾐ"ｷﾐ W WS"ｷﾐ"Iﾉ ど
W " ; ﾗ ﾐS" ; Iｴｷ WI ;ﾉ" ﾐｷ " ; " ⁄Nyが" ｴW W; " ｷﾐｴ ど
ﾏ; ﾗﾐ " W W" ｷﾐｪ ﾉ; "aW; W く"# "1ﾉ; ｷI" W ｷﾗS" ｷ W "
ｷﾐ" ｴW" vｴﾗWﾐｷ " H; ｷﾐ" Iｴ" ; " F ;ﾐS" 1;ﾐ;ﾉ" y ｷﾐ が" ]ﾗ "
c W ﾗ が" ;ﾐS" v WHﾉﾗ" F ;ﾐSWが" I Wﾏ; ﾗﾐ" H ｷ;ﾉ " W W"
ﾉﾗI; WS" ｷﾐ" Sｷ I W W" Iﾉ W " ; " Wﾉﾉ" ふcｷ IｴWﾉﾉ" W " ;ﾉく"
ヱΓΒΓき" cｷ IｴWﾉﾉ" W " ;ﾉく" ヱΓΓヴき" Eｷﾐﾆ" ヱΓΒΓ" cｷ IｴWﾉﾉ" ;ﾐS"
0 ﾐ ﾗﾐ‐K;SﾉW " ヲヰヰヱぶく" }ｷﾏｷﾉ; " ; W ﾐ " ｷﾐ" ﾏﾗ ; "
HWｴ; ｷﾗ " W W" ﾗH W WS" ; " y;HｷS" y ｷﾐ" ｷﾐ" ｴW" ~ I ﾗﾐ"
0; ｷﾐが" ｴW W" WIﾗﾐS; " I Wﾏ; ﾗﾐ " W W" H ｷWS" ｷﾐ"
W ; ; W" ; W; " a ﾗﾏ" ｷﾐｴ ﾏ; ﾗﾐ" H ｷ;ﾉ" aW; W "
ふK IﾆWﾉﾉ"ヱΓヶΓぶく"
0ｷﾐaﾗ S" ふヱΓΑヱぶ" ｪｪW " ｴ; " ｴW" aﾗ ﾏ" ;ﾐS"
Iど
W" ﾗa" ﾏﾗ ; " ;I IW " ｷﾐ" ;ﾐ " ﾗIｷW " ; W" IﾗﾐSｷど
ﾗﾐWS"H " ｴW"aﾗ ﾏ";ﾐS"Iﾗﾏ ﾉW ｷ "ﾗa" ﾗIｷ;ﾉ"ﾗ ｪ;ﾐｷ ;ど
ﾗﾐく"~;ｷﾐ W "ふヱΓΑΒぶ";ﾐS"1; "ふヱΓΓヵぶ"Hﾗ ｴ" ｪｪW " ｴ; "
H ｷ;ﾉ" ;IIﾗﾏ ;ﾐｷﾏWﾐ " I;ﾐ" ﾏHﾗﾉｷ W" ; WI " ﾗa" W ど
ﾗﾐ;ﾉ" ｷSWﾐ " ;ﾐS" ｪWﾐSW が" ｴｷﾉW" 1; " ふヱΓΓヵぶ" ;ﾉ ﾗ"
SWﾏﾗﾐ ; W " ｴ; " ｴW W" ｷ Wﾏ "I;ﾐ" ﾏHﾗﾉｷ W" ; I ど
ﾉ; "HWﾉｷWa ";Hﾗ " ｴW";ｦW ﾉｷaWく" W" ﾗ ﾗ W" ｴ; " ｴW" Wど
ﾉ; ﾗﾐ ｴｷ " ; " ⁄Ny" HW WWﾐ" H ｷ;ﾉ"
W" ふI Wﾏ; ﾗﾐ" ﾗ "
ｷﾐｴ ﾏ; ﾗﾐぶ" ;ﾐS" ; I ﾉ; " IW ;ﾏｷI" W " ﾏ; " W Wど
Byrd et al.
109
Wﾐ " ;" ﾗIｷ;ﾉ" ﾏ; ﾆW " ｴ; " Sｷ ﾐｪ ｷ ｴW " ;ﾏﾗﾐｪ"
さｴﾗ W ざ" ; " ⁄Nyく" 1 Wﾏ; ﾗﾐ " ; W" ; ﾗIｷ; WS" ｷ ｴ" ;"
ｪ W; W "Sｷ W ｷ "ﾗa"IW ;ﾏｷI" W ";ﾐS" ﾉW が";ﾐS" WIど
ﾗﾐS; "I Wﾏ; ﾗﾐ " W W" ﾉ;IWS" ｷ ｴｷﾐ"ﾗﾉﾉ; が" ﾐ が";ﾐS"
ﾗﾏW ﾏW " ｷ IｴW " ;ﾐS"ﾗｦWﾐ" Iﾗ W WS" ｷ ｴ" Hﾗ ﾉ く" N ど
Wｪ ﾉ; "IW ;ﾏｷI" W " W W"aﾗ ﾐS" ; Wﾉ " ｷ ｴ"ﾗﾐﾉ "I Wど
ﾏ; ﾗﾐ ";ﾐS"ｷﾐIﾉ SWS";ﾐ" ﾐ ;ﾉ"Wﾉﾗﾐｪ; WS" ｴ; W" ｴ; "
; W; " ﾗ"ｴ; W"HWWﾐ"ﾏWﾐSWSが";"I SW"S Iﾆ"aﾗ ﾏが";ﾐS"
;" ; Wく" Nﾐｴ ﾏ; ﾗﾐ " W W" ﾏﾗ " ﾗｦWﾐ" ; ﾗIｷ; WS" ｷ ｴ"
Hﾗ ﾉ "ﾗ " ｷ ｴﾗ "IW ;ﾏｷI く"1 Wﾏ; ﾗﾐ "ﾉﾗI; WS"ｷﾐ"Iﾉ ど
W "ﾗｦWﾐ"Iﾗﾐ ;ｷﾐWS" ｷﾏｷﾉ; "IW ;ﾏｷI" W く"c;ﾐ " ; ｷ;ど
HﾉW " ふWくｪくが" W が" ;ｪWが" SW; ｴ" Iｷ I ﾏ ;ﾐIW が" ; が" ; ｷど
ﾗ " ﾗIｷ;ﾉ"ｷSWﾐ W ぶ"I;ﾐ"Iﾗﾐ ｷH W" ﾗ" ｴ; " ｴW"ﾉｷ ｷﾐｪ"
SWIｷSW" ﾗ" ｷﾐ W " ｷ ｴ" ｴW" SW;Sく" ~ｴｷ " Wﾉ; ﾗﾐ ｴｷ " HWど
WWﾐ" H ｷ;ﾉ" W" ;ﾐS" IW ;ﾏｷI" W" ﾏ; " W W Wﾐ " ;"
; ｷW "ﾗa"; WI " Wｪ; Sｷﾐｪ" ﾗIｷ;ﾉ"ｷSWﾐ ";ﾐS"ﾗ ｪ;ﾐｷど
; ﾗﾐく
CONCLUSION
~ｴW"1ﾉ; ｷI" W ｷﾗS"ｷ " WIﾗｪﾐｷ WS"; ";" ﾏW"ﾗa"W IW ど
ﾗﾐ;ﾉ" Iｴ;ﾐｪW" ;ﾐS" ﾏ;ﾐ " ﾗa" ｴW W" aﾗ IW " ﾗa" Iｴ;ﾐｪWね
ﾏｷｪ ; ﾗﾐが" ﾗ ﾉ; ﾗﾐ" ;ｪｪ Wｪ; ﾗﾐ" ;ﾐS" Iﾗ‐ W ｷSWﾐIWが"
ｷﾐI W; ｷﾐｪ"Iﾗﾏ W ﾗﾐ"aﾗ " W ﾗ IW が";ﾐS" ｴW"SｷdW Wﾐど
;ﾉ" ; ﾗﾐｷﾐｪ"ﾗa"Hﾗ ｴ" HﾉｷI";ﾐS" ｷ ;ﾉ" ;IWねﾉｷﾆWﾉ "
Iﾗﾐ ｷH WS" ﾗ" ｴW" Sｷ W ｷ ";ﾐS"Iﾗﾏ ﾉW ｷ "ﾗa"ﾏﾗ ど
; " ;I IW " S ｷﾐｪ" ｴｷ " ﾏWく" W" ｪｪW " ｴ; " ﾗﾏW"
; WI "ﾗa"Kﾗｴﾗﾆ;ﾏ"1ﾉ; ｷI" W ｷﾗS"ﾏﾗ ; "HWｴ; ｷﾗ "
a ﾐI ﾗﾐWS" ﾗ" Wｷﾐaﾗ IW" HSｷ ｷSWS" ; ;ﾉ" Wﾉ; ﾗﾐど
ｴｷ " ｷ;" ｴW" ﾉ;IWﾏWﾐ "ﾗa" ｴW"SW;S" ｷ ｴｷﾐ" ｷ W く
~ｴW" ｷﾏ; " ｪﾗ;ﾉ" ﾗa" ｴｷ " ;ﾐ;ﾉ ｷ " ; " ﾗ" W ;ﾏｷﾐW"
ﾏﾗ ; "aW; W " ; " ｴW"Kﾗｴﾗﾆ;ﾏ"1ﾉ; ｷI" W ｷﾗS" ｷ W"
ﾗa"⁄ﾐｷ W ｷ "NﾐSｷ;ﾐ"y ｷﾐ"ふ#́ぎ"00ぎ"Γぎンンぶ"ｷﾐ"ﾗ SW " ﾗ" W "
Wﾉ; ﾗﾐ ｴｷ " HW WWﾐ" ; WI " ﾗa" ﾏﾗ ; " aW; W "
;ﾐS"; Iｴｷ WI ;ﾉ"Iﾗﾏ ﾉW W く"~ｴW"ﾏ;ﾃﾗ ｷ "ﾗa"ﾏﾗ ; "
aW; W "; " ｴW" ｷ W" ; W"Sｷ WI ﾉ " ; ﾗIｷ; WS" ｷ ｴ"; Iｴｷど
WI Wが" ｷ ｴ" ｷｪﾐｷgI;ﾐ ﾉ "ﾏﾗ W" aW; W " aﾗ ﾐS" ｷ ｴｷﾐ"
ﾗ "ﾐW; " ﾗﾗﾏ" ;ﾉﾉ く"1 Wﾏ; ﾗﾐ " W W"ﾏﾗ ﾉ " ﾉ;IWS"ｷﾐ"
Iﾉ W " ｴW W; " ｷﾐｴ ﾏ; ﾗﾐ " W W" ｷﾐｪ ﾉ; " aW; W く"
}WIﾗﾐS; "I Wﾏ; ﾗﾐ "ｴ; W" ｴW"ｪ W; W "IW ;ﾏｷI"Sｷ W ど
ｷ が" ;ﾐS" ; ;ﾉ" Iﾉ W " ﾗa" I Wﾏ; ﾗﾐ" aW; W " ﾗｦWﾐ"
Iﾗﾐ ;ｷﾐ" ｷﾏｷﾉ; " IW ;ﾏｷI" W く" 0 ｷ;ﾉ" W" ふI Wﾏ; ﾗﾐ"
ﾗ " ｷﾐｴ ﾏ; ﾗﾐぶが" H ｷ;ﾉ" Iﾉ W ｷﾐｪ" ふIﾉ W WS" ﾗ " ｷﾐｪ ど
ﾉ; ぶが";ﾐS" ｴW" ﾉW"ﾗa"IW ;ﾏｷI";IIﾗﾏ ;ﾐｷﾏWﾐ "; W"ﾉｷﾆWど
ﾉ " Sｷ ﾐｪ ｷ ｴｷﾐｪ" Iｴ; ;I W ｷ I " ﾗa" さｴﾗ Wざ" ｷSWﾐ " ; "
⁄Nyく"
⁄ﾉ ﾏ; Wﾉ が" W" ｷSWﾐ gWS" ｴ; " ﾏﾗ ; " HWｴ; ｷﾗ "
; " ⁄Ny" g " ｷ ｴｷﾐ" ;" ﾉ; ｪW " 1ﾉ; ｷI" W ｷﾗSく" W" ;ﾐS" ﾗど
ﾗ W" ｴ; " ｴW " W WS" ﾗ"ﾉWｪｷ ﾏｷ W"ｷﾐｴW ｷ ;ﾐIW";ﾏﾗﾐｪ"
さｴﾗ Wざ" ﾏWﾏHW " ふ ﾗ ｷHﾉ " ｷ;" ;ﾐIW ﾗ " WﾐW ; ﾗﾐぶ"
H " ; ﾗIｷ; ﾐｪ" ﾏﾗ ; " aW; W " ｷ ｴ" ; ﾗﾐWS" ; ど
Iｴｷ WI ;ﾉ" ;IWく
#Iﾆﾐﾗ ﾉWSｪWﾏWﾐ く" W" ﾗ ﾉS" ﾉｷﾆW" ﾗ" ｴ;ﾐﾆ" c; "
v;ｷﾉW " aﾗ " ﾗS Iｷﾐｪ" ｴW" ﾏ; が" ｴｷIｴ" W W" ｴW" W ﾉ "
ﾗa"ｴｷ " ﾗ ﾆ"ｷﾐ" ｴW"gWﾉSく" W" ﾗ ﾉS";ﾉ ﾗ"ﾉｷﾆW" ﾗ" ｴ;ﾐﾆ" ｴW"
JAzArch Spring 2012
W ｷW W " ;ﾐS" ｴW" WSｷ ﾗ " aﾗ " ｴWｷ " ｷﾐ ｷｪｴ ﾉ" Iﾗﾏど
ﾏWﾐ " ;ﾐS" ｪｪW ﾗﾐ が" ｴｷIｴ" Iﾗﾐ ｷH WS" ﾗ" ;" ﾏ Iｴ"
ｷﾏ ﾗ WS" ; W く
REFERENCES CITED
#HHﾗ が"7; ｷS"yく
ヲヰヰン
1Wﾐ ｷW " ﾗa" 7WIﾉｷﾐW" S ｷﾐｪ" ｴW" Kﾗｴﾗﾆ;ﾏ" 1ﾉ; ｷI"
vW ｷﾗS" ; " v WHﾉﾗ" F ;ﾐSWく" ⁄ﾐｷ W ｷ " ﾗa" # ｷ ﾗﾐ;" v W が"
~ I ﾗﾐく
#S;ﾏ が"yﾗﾐ"]く";ﾐS"} ;IｷW"cく"[ｷﾐｪ"ふWSｷ ﾗ ぶ
ヲヰヱヱ
yW ｷSWﾐ ;ﾉ" 0 ｷ;ﾉぎ" #" c ﾉ Wｪｷﾗﾐ;ﾉ" ; ﾉﾗ ; ﾗﾐく"
# Iｴ;WﾗﾉﾗｪｷI;ﾉ"v; W "ﾗa" ｴW"#ﾏW ｷI;ﾐ"#ﾐ ｴ ﾗ ﾗﾉﾗｪｷI;ﾉ"
# ﾗIｷ; ﾗﾐ"ヲヰく"0ﾉ;Iﾆ Wﾉﾉ"v Hﾉｷ ｴｷﾐｪ"NﾐIくが"0ﾗ ﾗﾐく
#ﾐSW ﾗﾐが"[Wｷ ｴ"cく
ヱΓΒヶ
Kﾗｴﾗﾆ;ﾏ"1WﾏW W ｷW "; ";ﾉWﾏWﾐ "ﾗa"}W ﾉWﾏWﾐ "
} I W" ;ﾐS" 1ｴ;ﾐｪWく" Nﾐ" #ﾐ ｴ ﾗ ﾗﾉﾗｪ " ﾗa" ｴW" 7W W "
W が" ; ; " ｷﾐ" Kﾗﾐﾗ " ﾗa" YW W" 7く" YWﾐﾐｷﾐｪ が" WSｷ WS" H "
1; ﾗﾉ" }く" 1ﾗﾐSｷW" ;ﾐS" 7ﾗﾐ" 7く" Eﾗ ﾉW が" く" ヱΑΓ‐ヲヰヲく" #ﾐど
ｴ ﾗ ﾗﾉﾗｪｷI;ﾉ"v; W "dﾗく"ヱヱヰく"⁄ﾐｷ W ｷ "ﾗa"⁄ ;ｴ"v W が"
};ﾉ "];ﾆW"1ｷ く"
0; ﾏ;ﾐが"Y;ﾏW "cく
ヲヰヰヱ
~ｴW"Kﾗｴﾗﾆ;ﾏ"ﾗa"}ﾗ ｴ W "dﾗ ｴ"#ﾏW ｷI;く"Yﾗ ど
ﾐ;ﾉ"ﾗa" ﾗ ﾉS"v Wｴｷ ﾗ "ヱヵふンぶぎヲヵΑ‐ンヱヱく
0; ﾐW が"; ｴﾐW
ヱΓΒΒ
Nﾐｴ ﾏ; ﾗﾐ "yWIﾗ W WS"a ﾗﾏ"1; ;"0 Wﾐ;ぎ"}ﾆWﾉWど
;ﾉ" #ﾐ;ﾉ ｷ く" Nﾐ" ; I; ; ﾗﾐ " ; " 1; ;" 0 Wﾐ;ぎ" 1ｴ;ﾐｪｷﾐｪ"
Kﾗｴﾗﾆ;ﾏ" ];ﾐS" ⁄ W" ;ﾉﾗﾐｪ" ｴW" } ; " vW;ﾆ" v; ﾆ ; が"
WSｷ WS" H " YW " 0く" Kﾗ ; Sが" く" ヶヱΓ‐ヶΓヱく" }ﾗｷﾉ" } Wﾏ "
v HﾉｷI; ﾗﾐ "ｷﾐ"# Iｴ;Wﾗﾉﾗｪ "dﾗく"ヱヱが"vｴﾗWﾐｷ く
0WIﾆが"yﾗHｷﾐ"#くが"Y く"ふWSｷ ﾗ ぶ
ヲヰヰΑ
~ｴW" 7 ;HﾉW" Kﾗ Wぎ" Kﾗ W" }ﾗIｷW " cﾗSWﾉ " ｷﾐ" # ど
Iｴ;Wﾗﾉﾗｪ く"1Wﾐ W "aﾗ "# Iｴ;WﾗﾉﾗｪｷI;ﾉ"Nﾐ W ｪ; ﾗﾐ
jII; ｷﾗﾐ;ﾉ"v; W "dﾗく"ンヵく"}ﾗ ｴW ﾐ"Nﾉﾉｷﾐﾗｷ "⁄ﾐｷ W ｷ が
1; HﾗﾐS;ﾉWく
0ｷﾐaﾗ Sが"]W ｷ "yく
ヱΓΑヱ
cﾗ ; "v ;I IW ぎ"~ｴWｷ "} S ";ﾐS"~ｴWｷ "vﾗ Wﾐど
;ﾉく" cWﾏﾗｷ " ﾗa" ｴW" }ﾗIｷW " aﾗ " #ﾏW ｷI;ﾐ" # Iｴ;Wﾗﾉﾗｪ "
ヲヵぎヶ‐ヲΓく"
0 ﾐ ﾗﾐが"Y S が"]く
ヱΓΒΓ
~ｴW" }ﾗIｷ;ﾉ" j ｪ;ﾐｷ ; ﾗﾐ" ﾗa" ｴW" ]ﾗ " c W ﾗ "
Kﾗｴﾗﾆ;ﾏぎ"#"yW;ﾐ;ﾉ ｷ "ﾗa"1 ｴｷﾐｪげ "KWﾏWﾐ ; "; WSｷど
ﾗﾐ" 7; ;く" ⁄ﾐ Hﾉｷ ｴWS" vｴく7く" Sｷ W ; ﾗﾐが" 7W ; ﾏWﾐ "
ﾗa"#ﾐ ｴ ﾗ ﾗﾉﾗｪ が"# ｷ ﾗﾐ;"} ; W"⁄ﾐｷ W ｷ が"~Wﾏ Wく
1; が"1ｴ ｷ ﾗ ｴW
ヱΓΓヵ
cﾗ ; " v ;I IW ぎ" ~ｴWｷ " }ﾗIｷ;ﾉが" vｴｷﾉﾗ ﾗ ｴｷI;ﾉ‐
yWﾉｷｪｷﾗ が" 1ｷ I ﾏ ;ﾐ ;ﾉが" ;ﾐS" vｴ ｷI;ﾉ" 7W W ﾏｷﾐ;ﾐ く"
Yﾗ ﾐ;ﾉ"ﾗa"# Iｴ;WﾗﾉﾗｪｷI;ﾉ"cW ｴﾗS ";ﾐS"~ｴWﾗ "ヲふヲぶぎヱヰヵ‐
ヲヰヰく
1W W ﾗ‐yﾗﾏ=ﾐが"YW ｷI;"Nくが";ﾐS"Yﾗｴﾐ"cI1ﾉWﾉﾉ;ﾐS
ヲヰヰΒ
cﾗ ; "v ;I IW "; "” ﾏ;" ; ｴ";ﾐS" ｴW"Kﾗｴﾗど
ﾆ;ﾏ" 1ﾉ; ｷI" ﾗ ﾉSく" Nﾐ" # Iｴ;WﾗﾉﾗｪｷI;ﾉ" Nﾐ W ｪ; ﾗﾐ " ; "
Eｷ W"}ｷ W " W "ﾗa" ｴW"};ﾐ ;"1 "yｷ W "ｷﾐ"c; ;ﾐ;が"# ｷ ﾗど
ﾐ;ぎ" ” ﾏ;" ; ｴ" ;ﾐS" }ｷﾉ W HWﾉﾉ‐Nﾐ;" Kﾗｴﾗﾆ;ﾏ" }ｷ W " #́"
##ぎヱヲぎンヱヱふ#}cが"#́"##ぎヱヲぎンヱヴふ#}cぶが";ﾐS"#́"##ぎヱヲぎンヱヵ
ふ#}cぶき" わ" 0ﾗﾃﾙ W ‐#ｪ ｷ W" y;ﾐIｴ" ;ﾐS" cW;Sﾗ ‐1;ﾓ; "
}ｷ W "#́"##ぎヱヲぎヱヲヲふ#}cぶ";ﾐS"#́"##ぎヱヲぎンヱンふ#}cぶが"WSｷ ど
WS"H "# "1く"c;I ｷﾉﾉｷ;ﾏ ";ﾐS"#ﾉﾉWﾐ"7; "ふS ;ｦぶが" く"ヶくヱ‐
ヶくンヲく"jﾉS"v WHﾉﾗ"# Iｴ;Wﾗﾉﾗｪ "1Wﾐ W が"~ I ﾗﾐく
1 ﾗ ﾐが"v; ｷIｷ;"]く
ヱΓΓヰ
~ｴW" Kﾗｴﾗﾆ;ﾏ" ﾗa" ｴW" #ﾏW ｷI;ﾐ" }ﾗ ｴ W く" Yﾗ ど
Byrd et al.
110
ﾐ;ﾉ"ﾗa" ﾗ ﾉS"v Wｴｷ ﾗ "ヴふヲぶぎヲヲン‐ヲヵヵく"
ヲヰヰΑ
F ﾗ ｷﾐｪ"⁄ "Kﾗｴﾗﾆ;ﾏく"Nﾐ"~ｴW"Kﾗｴﾗﾆ;ﾏ"cｷﾉﾉWﾐﾐｷど
ﾏが"WSｷ WS"H "} ;ﾐﾐW"[く"Eｷ ｴ";ﾐS"v; ﾉ"yく"Eｷ ｴが" く"ヲン‐
ヲΓく"}Iｴﾗﾗﾉ"aﾗ "#S ;ﾐIWS"yW W; Iｴ"v W が"};ﾐ ;"EWく"
1 ﾗ ﾐが"v; ｷIｷ;"]くが";ﾐS"} ;ﾐﾐW"[く"Eｷ ｴ
ヱΓΓヶ
FWﾐSW ";ﾐS"} ; "ｷﾐ" ｴW"Kﾗｴﾗﾆ;ﾏ"v W‐1ﾉ; ｷI" ﾗ"
1ﾉ; ｷI"~ ;ﾐ ｷ ﾗﾐく"#ﾏW ｷI;ﾐ"#ﾐ ｴ ﾗ ﾗﾉﾗｪｷ "ΓΒぎΒヰン‐ΒヱΑく
1 ;ｷｪが"7ﾗ ｪﾉ; "0く
ヲヰヱヰ
cﾗSWﾉｷﾐｪ"]W;SW ｴｷ "} ; WｪｷW "ｷﾐ"Kﾗｴﾗﾆ;ﾏ"}ﾗIｷど
W く"Yﾗ ﾐ;ﾉ"ﾗa"# ｷ ﾗﾐ;"# Iｴ;Wﾗﾉﾗｪ "ヱふヱぶぎΑヱ‐ΒΒく"
1 ;ｷｪが"7ﾗ ｪﾉ; "0くが";ﾐS"~く"[; ｴﾉWWﾐ"KWﾐSW ﾗﾐ
ヲヰヰΑ
Kﾗ W が" Kﾗ WｴﾗﾉS が" ;ﾐS" Kﾗ WｴﾗﾉS" j ｪ;ﾐｷ ;ど
ﾗﾐく"Nﾐ"~ｴW"Kﾗｴﾗﾆ;ﾏ"cｷﾉﾉWﾐﾐｷ ﾏが"WSｷ WS"H "} ;ﾐﾐW"[く"
Eｷ ｴ" ;ﾐS" v; ﾉ" yく" Eｷ ｴが" く" ンヱ‐ンΑく" }Iｴﾗﾗﾉ" aﾗ " #S ;ﾐIWS"
yW W; Iｴ"v W が"};ﾐ ;"EWく
1 ;ｷｪが"7ﾗ ｪﾉ; "0くが"Y;ﾏW "vく"Kﾗﾉﾏﾉ ﾐSが";ﾐS"YWdW "Yく"1ﾉ; ﾆ
ヱΓΓΒ
];Hﾗ " Nﾐ W ﾏWﾐ " ;ﾐS" j ｪ;ﾐｷ ; ﾗﾐ" ｷﾐ" vﾉ; ﾗ ﾏ"
cﾗ ﾐS"1ﾗﾐ
I ﾗﾐぎ"#"1; W"} S "a ﾗﾏ" ｴW"~ﾗﾐ ﾗ"0;ど
ｷﾐ" ﾗa" 1Wﾐ ;ﾉ" # ｷ ﾗﾐ;く" Yﾗ ﾐ;ﾉ" ﾗa" EｷWﾉS" # Iｴ;Wﾗﾉﾗｪ "
ヲヵぎヲヴヵ‐ヲヵΓく
1 ｴｷﾐｪが"E ;ﾐﾆ"Kく
ヱΒΓヰ
v Wﾉｷﾏｷﾐ; " dﾗ W " ﾗﾐ" ｴW" j ｷｪｷﾐが" ﾗ ﾆｷﾐｪ" K ど
ﾗ ｴW ｷ " ;ﾐS" v ｷﾏ; " yW W; IｴW " ﾗa" ｴW" KWﾏWﾐ ; "
}ﾗ ｴ W W ﾐ"# Iｴ;WﾗﾉﾗｪｷI;ﾉ"; WSｷ ﾗﾐく"1ﾗﾐｪ W "Nﾐ W ど
ﾐ; ﾗﾐ;ﾉ"SW "#ﾏY ｷI;ﾐｷ W く"0W ﾉｷﾐく
1 ﾏﾏｷﾐｪ が"0 ﾗﾐ
ヱΓンヵ
EｷWﾉS" ﾐﾗ W " a ﾗﾏ" ⁄ﾐｷ W ｷ " NﾐSｷ;ﾐ" y ｷﾐ く" #}cっ
⁄#" dﾗ WHﾗﾗﾆ" dﾗく" ヴく" c;ﾐ I ｷ " ﾗﾐ" gﾉWが" # ｷ ﾗﾐ;" } ; W"
c W ﾏが"~ I ﾗﾐ
7ﾗWﾉﾉWが" ｷﾉﾉｷ;ﾏ"Kくが";ﾐS"KWﾐ "7く" ;ﾉﾉ;IW
ヱΓΓヱ
~ｴW" 1ｴ;ﾐｪｷﾐｪ" yﾗﾉW" ﾗa" ｴW" ~ I ﾗﾐ" 0; ｷﾐ" ｷﾐ" ｴW"
Kﾗｴﾗﾆ;ﾏ" yWｪｷﾗﾐ;ﾉ" } Wﾏく" Nﾐ" ; ﾉﾗ ｷﾐｪ" ｴW" Kﾗｴﾗﾆ;ﾏぎ"
v Wｴｷ ﾗ ｷI" 7W W " vWﾗ ﾉW " ﾗa" ｴW" #ﾏW ｷI;ﾐ" }ﾗ ｴ W が"
WSｷ WS"H "FWﾗ ｪW"Yく"F ﾏW ﾏ;ﾐが" く"ヲΑΓ‐ンヴヵく"⁄ﾐｷ W ｷ "
ﾗa"dW "cW ｷIﾗ"v W が"#ﾉH
W Wく
7ﾗ Wﾉが"7; ｷS";く
ヱΓΑΑ
1ﾉ; ｷI" vW ｷﾗS" Kﾗｴﾗﾆ;ﾏ" ｷﾐ" ｴW" ; I;ﾉ;ﾐ W" y ｷﾐ"
F ﾗ く" ⁄ﾐ Hﾉｷ ｴWS" vｴく7く" 7ｷ W ; ﾗﾐが" 7W ; ﾏWﾐ " ﾗa"
#ﾐ ｴ ﾗ ﾗﾉﾗｪ が"⁄ﾐｷ W ｷ "ﾗa"# ｷ ﾗﾐ;が"~ I ﾗﾐく
ヱΓΓヱ
Kﾗｴﾗﾆ;ﾏ"1 ﾉ ;ﾉ"; ﾗﾉ ﾗﾐ"ｷﾐ" ｴW"vｴﾗWﾐｷ "0; ｷﾐく"
Nﾐ"; ﾉﾗ ｷﾐｪ" ｴW"Kﾗｴﾗﾆ;ﾏぎ"v Wｴｷ ﾗ ｷI"7W W "vWﾗ ﾉW "ﾗa"
ｴW" #ﾏW ｷI;ﾐ" }ﾗ ｴ W が" WSｷ WS" H " FWﾗ ｪW" Yく" F ﾏW ど
ﾏ;ﾐが" く"ヲンヱ‐ヲΑΒく" ⁄ﾐｷ W ｷ "ﾗa"dW "cW ｷIﾗ"v W が"#ﾉど
H
W Wく
ヲヰヰΑ
N ｷｪ; ﾗﾐが"v ﾗS I ﾗﾐが";ﾐS"vﾗ W "ｷﾐ"vｴﾗWﾐｷ " 0;ど
ｷﾐ"Kﾗｴﾗﾆ;ﾏ"}ﾗIｷW く"Nﾐ"~ｴW"Kﾗｴﾗﾆ;ﾏ"cｷﾉﾉWﾐﾐｷ ﾏが"WSｷ ど
WS"H "v; ﾉ"yく"Eｷ ｴ";ﾐS"} ;ﾐﾐW"[く"Eｷ ｴが" く"Βヲ‐ΒΓく"}Iｴﾗﾗﾉ"
aﾗ "#S ;ﾐIWS"yW W; Iｴ"v W が"};ﾐ ;"EWく
7ﾗ Wﾉが"7; ｷS";くが";ﾐS"} ;ﾐﾐW"[く"Eｷ ｴ
ヲヰヰヰ
v Wｴｷ ﾗ ｷI" ｷﾉﾉ;ｪW " ;ﾐS" 1ﾗﾏﾏ ﾐｷ W " ｷﾐ" ｴW" # ｷど
ﾗﾐ;" 7W W く" Nﾐ" ~ｴW" Kﾗｴﾗﾆ;ﾏ" ｷﾉﾉ;ｪW" yW ｷ ｷ WSが" WSｷ WS"
H "7; ｷS";く"7ﾗ Wﾉが"} ;ﾐﾐW"[く"Eｷ ｴが";ﾐS"v; ﾉ"yく"Eｷ ｴが" く"
ヱ‐ンヵく"}ﾗ ｴ W W ﾐ";ﾐS"yﾗIﾆ "cﾗ ﾐ ;ｷﾐ"7ｷ ｷ ｷﾗﾐ"ﾗa" ｴW"
#ﾏW ｷI;ﾐ" # ﾗIｷ; W" aﾗ " ｴW" #S ;ﾐIWﾏWﾐ " ﾗa" }IｷWﾐIWが"
Eﾗ "1ﾗﾉﾉｷﾐ く
;; ﾗﾐが"F ;IW
ヱΓンΓ
EｷWﾉS" dﾗ W " a ﾗﾏ" ⁄ﾐｷ W ｷ " NﾐSｷ;ﾐ" y ｷﾐ" ﾐSW "
;ﾏｷﾉ" 1く" K; く" c;ﾐ I ｷ " ﾗﾐ" gﾉWが" # ｷ ﾗﾐ;" } ; W" c Wど
ﾏが"~ I ﾗﾐく
;･;ﾐSが"yｷIｴ; S" く
ヱΓΒΒ
#ﾐ" ; ;ﾏｷﾐ; ﾗﾐ" ﾗa" Kﾗｴﾗﾆ;ﾏ" cﾗ ; " v ;I IW "
JAzArch Spring 2012
a ﾗﾏ"1; ;"0 Wﾐ;く"Nﾐ"; I; ; ﾗﾐ "; "1; ;"0 Wﾐ;く"1ｴ;ﾐｪど
ｷﾐｪ"Kﾗｴﾗﾆ;ﾏ"];ﾐS"⁄ W";ﾉﾗﾐｪ" ｴW"} ; "vW;ﾆ"v; ﾆ ; "
ﾗﾉく"ヲが"WSｷ WS"H "YW "0く"Kﾗ ; Sが" く"ヶΓン‐ΑΓヴく"}ﾗｷﾉ"} ど
Wﾏ "v HﾉｷI; ﾗﾐ "ｷﾐ"# Iｴ;Wﾗﾉﾗｪ が"vｴﾗWﾐｷ く"
;ﾉ ﾗﾐが"c; ﾆ
ヱΓΓΒ
; ;ﾐSｷﾐｪ" ｴW" ｷW " ﾗa" Kﾗｴﾗﾆ;ﾏ" vﾉ; ﾗ ﾏ"
cﾗ ﾐS ぎ" #ﾐ" ; ｴﾐﾗｪ ; ｴｷI" vW WI Wく" #ﾐ ｴ ﾗ ﾗﾉﾗｪｷI;ﾉ"
v; W "ﾗa" ｴW"⁄ﾐｷ W ｷ "ﾗa"# ｷ ﾗﾐ;"dﾗく"ヶンく"⁄ﾐｷ W ｷ "ﾗa"
# ｷ ﾗﾐ;"v W が"~ I ﾗﾐく
ヲヰヰヰ
}ﾗ ｴ W " vﾉ; ﾗ ﾏ" cﾗ ﾐS " a ﾗﾏ" ;ﾐ" ; ｴﾐﾗど
ｪ ; ｴｷI" vW WI Wく" Nﾐ" ~ｴW" Kﾗｴﾗﾆ;ﾏ" ｷﾉﾉ;ｪW" yW ｷ ｷ WSが"
WSｷ WS" H " 7; ｷS" ;く" 7ﾗ Wﾉが" } ;ﾐﾐW" [く" Eｷ ｴが" ;ﾐS" v; ﾉ" yく"
Eｷ ｴが" く" ンヴヵ‐ンΑヲく" }ﾗ ｴ W W ﾐ" ;ﾐS" yﾗIﾆ " cﾗ ﾐ ;ｷﾐ"
7ｷ ｷ ｷﾗﾐ" ﾗa" ｴW" #ﾏW ｷI;ﾐ" # ﾗIｷ; ﾗﾐ" aﾗ " ｴW" #S ;ﾐIWど
ﾏWﾐ "ﾗa"}IｷWﾐIWが"Eﾗ "1ﾗﾉﾉｷﾐ が"1ﾗﾉﾗ ;Sﾗく
ヲヰヰΑ
Nﾐ ﾗ" ｴW";; ｴ";ﾐS"⁄ " ﾗ" ｴW"}ﾆ ぎ"Kﾗｴﾗﾆ;ﾏ"yｷ ;ﾉ"
# Iｴｷ WI Wく" Nﾐ" ~ｴW" Kﾗｴﾗﾆ;ﾏ" cｷﾉﾉWﾐﾐｷ ﾏが" WSｷ WS" H "
v; ﾉ" yく" Eｷ ｴ" ;ﾐS" } ;ﾐﾐW" [く" Eｷ ｴが" く" ヴΓ‐ヵヵく" }Iｴﾗﾗﾉ" aﾗ "
#S ;ﾐIWS"yW W; Iｴ"v W が"};ﾐ ;"EWく"
Eｷﾐﾆが"~く"cｷIｴ;Wﾉ
ヱΓΒΓ
~ｴW" K ﾏ;ﾐ" }ﾆWﾉW ;ﾉ" yWﾏ;ｷﾐ " a ﾗﾏ" ｴW" F ;ﾐS"
1;ﾐ;ﾉ"y ｷﾐ が"#́"~ぎヱヲぎヱヴ"ふ#}⁄ぶ";ﾐS"#́"~ぎ"ヱヲぎヱヶ"ふ#}⁄ぶが"Nﾐ"
# Iｴ;WﾗﾉﾗｪｷI;ﾉ"Nﾐ W ｪ; ﾗﾐ "; " ｴW"F ;ﾐS"1;ﾐ;ﾉ"y ｷﾐ ぎ"
#" 1ﾉ; ｷI" vW ｷﾗS" }ｷ W" ｷﾐ" vｴﾗWﾐｷ が" # ｷ ﾗﾐ;く" ﾗﾉく" ヲが" WSｷ WS"
H "7ﾗ ｪﾉ; "yく"cｷ IｴWﾉﾉが" く"ヶヱΓ‐Αヰンく"}ﾗｷﾉ"} Wﾏ "v Hﾉｷど
I; ﾗﾐ "ｷﾐ"# Iｴ;Wﾗﾉﾗｪ "dﾗくヱヲが"vｴﾗWﾐｷ く"
Eｷ ｴが"} ;ﾐﾐW"[くが";ﾐS"v; ﾉ"yく"Eｷ ｴ
ヲヰヰヰ
~ｴW"Nﾐ
ﾗﾐ;ﾉ"1ﾗﾐ W "ﾗa"Kﾗｴﾗﾆ;ﾏ"1ﾗﾏ ﾉW ｷど
く"Nﾐ"#ﾉ W ﾐ; W"]W;SW ｴｷ "} ; WｪｷW "ｷﾐ" ｴW"v Wｴｷ ;ﾐど
ｷI" }ﾗ ｴ W が" WSｷ WS" H " 0; H; ;" Yく" cｷﾉﾉ が" く" ヱヵヴ‐ヱヶΑく"
⁄ﾐｷ W ｷ "ﾗa"# ｷ ﾗﾐ;"v W が"~ I ﾗﾐく
Eｷ ｴが"} ;ﾐﾐW"[くが"v; ﾉ"yく"Eｷ ｴが";ﾐS"Yﾗｴﾐ"Kく"c;S Wﾐ
ヱΓΓヲ
~ｴW" c; ;ﾐ;" 1ﾗﾏﾏ ﾐｷ " ｷﾐ" ｴW" Kﾗｴﾗﾆ;ﾏ" ﾗ ﾉSく"
#ﾐ ｴ ﾗ ﾗﾉﾗｪｷI;ﾉ"v; W "ﾗa" ｴW"⁄ﾐｷ W ｷ "ﾗa"# ｷ ﾗﾐ;"dﾗく"
ヵヶく"⁄ﾐｷ W ｷ "ﾗa"# ｷ ﾗﾐ;"v W が"~ I ﾗﾐく"
FｷﾉﾉW ｷWが"} ;ﾐ"7く
ヲヰヰヰ; 0W ﾗﾐS" [ｷﾐ ｴｷ ぎ" #ﾐ" Nﾐ ﾗS I ﾗﾐく" Nﾐ" 0W ﾗﾐS" [ｷﾐど
ｴｷ ぎ" }ﾗIｷ;ﾉ" ;ﾐS" c; W ｷ;ﾉ" yW ﾗS I ﾗﾐ" ｷﾐ" Kﾗ W" }ﾗIｷWど
W が"WSｷ WS"H "yく"#く"Yﾗ IW";ﾐS"}く"7く"FｷﾉﾉW ｷWが" く"ヱ‐ヲヱく
⁄ﾐｷ W ｷ "ﾗa"vWﾐﾐ ﾉ ;ﾐｷ;"v W が"vｴｷﾉ;SWﾉ ｴｷ;く
ヲヰヰヰH ]Y ｷ"} ; ぎ"c;ｷ ﾗﾐ";ﾐS"}ﾗIｷY Y"<"c;ｷ ﾗﾐ く"Nﾐ
0W ﾗﾐS"[ｷﾐ ｴｷ ぎ"}ﾗIｷ;ﾉ";ﾐS"c; W ｷ;ﾉ"yW ﾗS I ﾗﾐ"ｷﾐ
Kﾗ W"}ﾗIｷW W が"WSｷ WS"H "yく"#く"Yﾗ IW";ﾐS"}く"7く"FｷﾉﾉW ｷWが"
く"ヲヲ‐ヵヲく"⁄ﾐｷ W ｷ "ﾗa"vWﾐﾐ ﾉ ;ﾐｷ;"v W が"vｴｷﾉ;SWﾉ ｴど
ｷ;く
ヲヰヰヰI yW ｴｷﾐﾆｷﾐｪ" #ﾐIｷWﾐ " c; ;" }ﾗIｷ;ﾉ" j ｪ;ﾐｷ ; ﾗﾐぎ"
yW ﾉ;Iｷﾐｪ"さ]ｷﾐW;ｪWざ" ｷ ｴ"さKﾗ Wざく"#ﾏW ｷI;ﾐ"#ﾐ ｴ ﾗ ﾗﾉど
ﾗｪｷ "ヱヰヲふンぶぎヴヶΑ‐ヴΒヴく"
Fﾉ;S ｷﾐが"K; ﾗﾉS"}くが";ﾏｷﾉ" く"K; が";く"0く"}; ﾉW が";ﾐS"dﾗ ;"
Fﾉ;S ｷﾐ
ヱΓンΑ
; I; ; ﾗﾐ "; "}ﾐ;ﾆW ﾗ ﾐぎ"c; W ｷ;ﾉ"1 ﾉ Wく"cWど
S;ﾉﾉｷﾗﾐ"v; W "dﾗく"ヲヵく"Fｷﾉ;"v WHﾉﾗが"FﾉﾗHWく
K;ｪHW ｪが";ﾉｷ ;HW ｴ
ヱΓンΓ
EｷWﾉS" dﾗ W " a ﾗﾏ" ⁄ﾐｷ W ｷ " NﾐSｷ;ﾐ" y ｷﾐ" ﾐSW "
;ﾏｷﾉ" 1く" K; く" c;ﾐ I ｷ " ﾗﾐ" gﾉWが" # ｷ ﾗﾐ;" } ; W" c Wど
ﾏが"~ I ﾗﾐく"
K;IﾆH; ｴが"c; ﾆ"yく
ヲヰヱヲ" v Wｴｷ ﾗ ｷI" 1WﾏW W " } ; ;ﾉ" j ｪ;ﾐｷ ; ﾗﾐ" ｷﾐ" }ﾗ ｴど
W ﾐ"# ｷ ﾗﾐ;く"[ｷ ;"ΑΑふンぶぎンヱン‐ンヵΑく"
K;ﾏﾏ;Iﾆが"]; Wﾐ "1くが";ﾐS"#ﾉ;ﾐ"vく"} ﾉﾉｷ ;ﾐ
ヱΓΒヱ"~ｴW"ヱΓヶΒ"; I; ; ﾗﾐ "; "cﾗ ﾐS"Β"]; "1ﾗﾉｷﾐ; "y ｷﾐ "
Byrd et al.
111
F ﾗ が"vｴﾗWﾐｷ が" # ｷ ﾗﾐ;く" } ; W"c W ﾏ"# Iｴ;WﾗﾉﾗｪｷI;ﾉ"
}W ｷW "dﾗく"ヱヵヴく"⁄ﾐｷ W ｷ "ﾗa"# ｷ ﾗﾐ;が"~ I ﾗﾐく
K;ﾏﾏ;Iﾆが"d;ﾐI "}くが";ﾐS"]ｷ ;" く"K IﾆWﾉﾉ
ヱΓヶΓ"y;HｷS"y ｷﾐ"#́"##ぎヱヲぎヴヶが"c;ﾐ I ｷ "ﾗﾐ"EｷﾉWが"# ｷ ﾗﾐ;"
} ; W"c W ﾏく"~ I ﾗﾐく"
K; が";ﾏｷﾉ" く"
ヱΓヴヵ"~ｴW"; I; ; ﾗﾐ"ﾗa"]ﾗ "c W ﾗ ";ﾐS"dWｷｪｴHﾗ ｷﾐｪ"y ど
ｷﾐ " ｷﾐ" ｴW" };ﾉ " yｷ W " ;ﾉﾉW が" }ﾗ ｴW ﾐ" # ｷ ﾗﾐ;く" vW;HﾗS "
c W ﾏ" ﾗa" #ﾏW ｷI;ﾐ" # Iｴ;Wﾗﾉﾗｪ " ;ﾐS" ; ｴﾐﾗﾉﾗｪ " ﾗﾉく"
ヲヴが"dﾗく"ヱく"K; ; S"⁄ﾐｷ W ｷ が"1;ﾏH ｷSｪWく
ヱΓΑヶ" ~ｴW" Kﾗｴﾗﾆ;ﾏ" 7W W " E; ﾏW " ;ﾐS" 1 ;ｦ ﾏWﾐ"
}ﾐ;ﾆW ﾗ ﾐ"ヱΓヶヴ‐ヱΓヶヵく"⁄ﾐｷ W ｷ "ﾗa"# ｷ ﾗﾐ;"v W が"~ Iど
ﾗﾐく
K; SWﾐが"Y ﾉｷ;ﾐ
ヱΓヵΑ
; I; ; ﾗﾐ が"ヱΓヴヰ"; "⁄ﾐｷ W ｷ "NﾐSｷ;ﾐ"y ｷﾐが"~ Iど
ﾗﾐが" # ｷ ﾗﾐ;く" }ﾗ ｴ W W ﾐ" cﾗﾐ ﾏWﾐ " # ﾗIｷ; ﾗﾐが"
dﾗく"ヵが"FﾉﾗHWく"
KWﾉﾏ が"c; " く
ヱΓΓΒ
#IIW " ﾗ" j ｷｪｷﾐ ぎ" #qﾐW が" #ﾐIW ﾗ が" ;ﾐS" # ｷ ﾗど
I ; く"⁄ﾐｷ W ｷ "ﾗa"~W ; "v W が"# ﾐく
Kﾗ Wﾉﾉが"~ﾗSS"]くが";ﾐS"[Wｷ ｴ" く"[ｷﾐ ｪｴ
ヱΓΓヶ
# Iｴ;WﾗﾉﾗｪｷI;ﾉ"NSWﾐ gI; ﾗﾐ"ﾗa"[ｷﾐ"F ﾗ "⁄ ｷﾐｪ"
cﾗ ; " ;ﾐS" 0ｷﾗﾉﾗｪｷI;ﾉ" 7; ;ぎ" #ﾐ" ; ;ﾏ ﾉW" a ﾗﾏ" ｴW"
#ﾏW ｷI;ﾐ"}ﾗ ｴ W く"#ﾏW ｷI;ﾐ"#ﾐ
ｷ "ヶヱぎヵンΑ‐ヵヵヴく
YﾗﾐW が"YWdW "~く
ヲヰヰヶ
# Iｴ;WﾗﾉﾗｪｷI;ﾉ" cﾗﾐｷ ﾗ ｷﾐｪが" ~W ﾐｪが" ;ﾐS" 7; ;"
yWIﾗ W " Nﾐ W ｪ; ﾗﾐ " dW; " ｴW" dﾗ ｴ W " vW ｷ ｴW "
ﾗa" ⁄ﾐｷ W ｷ " NﾐSｷ;ﾐ" y ｷﾐ が" #́" 00ぎΓぎンン" ふ#}cぶ" ｷﾐ" vｷﾏ;"
1ﾗ ﾐ が"# ｷ ﾗﾐ;く"~ｷW ;"yｷｪｴ "ﾗa" ; "}W ｷIW が"~ I ﾗﾐく"
Yﾗ IWが"yﾗ Wﾏ; "#く
ヲヰヰヰ
KWｷ ﾉﾗﾗﾏ ";ﾐS"Kﾗ W ぎ"c; W ｷ;ﾉｷ ";ﾐS"}ﾗIｷ;ﾉ
cWﾏﾗ く"Nﾐ"0W ﾗﾐS"[ｷﾐ ｴｷ ぎ"}ﾗIｷ;ﾉ";ﾐS"c; W ｷ;ﾉ"yW ﾗど
S I ﾗﾐ"ｷﾐ"Kﾗ W"}ﾗIｷW ｷW が"WSｷ WS"H "yく"#く"Yﾗ IW";ﾐS"}く
7く"FｷﾉﾉW ｷWが" く"ヱΒΓ‐ヲヱヲく"⁄ﾐｷ W ｷ "ﾗa"vWﾐﾐ ﾉ ;ﾐｷ;
v W が"vｴｷﾉ;SWﾉ ｴｷ;く
Yﾗ IWが"yﾗ Wﾏ; "#く";ﾐS"} ;ﾐ"7く"FｷﾉﾉW ｷW"ふWSｷ ﾗ ぶ
ヲヰヰヰ
0W ﾗﾐS" [ｷﾐ ｴｷ ぎ" }ﾗIｷ;ﾉ" ;ﾐS" c; W ｷ;ﾉ" yW ﾗS Iど
ﾗﾐ"ｷﾐ"Kﾗ W"}ﾗIｷW W く"⁄ﾐｷ W ｷ "ﾗa"vWﾐﾐ ﾉ ;ﾐｷ;"v W が"
vｴｷﾉ;SWﾉ ｴｷ;く
[Wﾉﾉ が" ｷﾉﾉｷ;ﾏ"Kく
ヱΓンヶ
⁄ﾐｷ W ｷ "y ｷﾐく"[ｷ ;"ヱぎヱ‐ヴく
]W ｷ‐} ; が"1ﾉ; SW
"ヱΓΒヲ ~ｴW" ; "ﾗa" ｴW"c; ﾆ く"~ ;ﾐ ﾉ; WS"H "}く"cﾗSWﾉ ﾆｷく"
⁄ﾐｷ W ｷ "ﾗa" ; ｴｷﾐｪ ﾗﾐ"v W が"}W; ﾉWく
ヱΓΒΑ
#ﾐ ｴ ﾗ ﾗﾉﾗｪ " ;ﾐS" c ｴぎ" ]WI W が" ヱΓヵヱ‐ヱΓΒヲく"
~ ;ﾐ ﾉ; WS"H "yく" ｷﾉﾉｷ く"0ﾉ;Iﾆ Wﾉﾉが"j aﾗ Sく
cIF ｷ Wが"y;ﾐS;ﾉﾉ"Kく
ヱΓΓヲ
7W; ｴが"}ﾗIｷW が";ﾐS"NSWﾗﾉﾗｪ "ｷﾐ";"Kﾗｴﾗﾆ;ﾏ"1ﾗﾏど
ﾏ ﾐｷ く" Nﾐ W ｪ; ﾗﾐ " ｷﾐ" #ﾏW ｷI;ﾐ" # Iｴ;Wﾗﾉﾗｪ く"
W ｷW "v W が"0ﾗ ﾉSW く
cｷ ;ﾉ ﾆ が"E ;ﾐﾆ
ヱΓンΓ" dﾗ W " ﾗﾐ" }Wﾏｷﾐ; " 1ﾉ; " ; I; ; ﾗﾐ" v ﾗﾃWI " ﾐSW "
;ﾏｷﾉ"1く"K; く"c;ﾐ I ｷ "ﾗﾐ"EｷﾉWが"# ｷ ﾗﾐ;"} ; W"c Wど
ﾏが"~ I ﾗﾐく"
cｷ IｴWﾉﾉが"7ﾗ ｪﾉ; "yく
ヱΓΓヲ
0 ｷ;ﾉ" v ;I IW " ;ﾐS" v;ﾉWﾗSWﾏﾗｪ ; ｴｷI" yWIﾗﾐど
I ﾗﾐ "; "v WHﾉﾗ"F ;ﾐSWく"[ｷ ;"ヵΒぎΓヱく"
cｷ IｴWﾉﾉが"7ﾗ ｪﾉ; "yくが"~く"cｷIｴ;Wﾉ"Eｷﾐﾆが";ﾐS" く"#ﾉﾉWﾐ
ヱΓΒΓ
7ｷ ﾗ ;ﾉ" ﾗa" ｴW" 7W;Sぎ" ; ﾉﾗ ; ﾗﾐ " ﾗa" cﾗ ; "
; ｷ;Hｷﾉｷ " ;ﾐS" }ﾗIｷ;ﾉ" j ｪ;ﾐｷ ; ﾗﾐ" ; " ｴW" F ;ﾐS" 1;ﾐ;ﾉ"
y ｷﾐ く" Nﾐ" # Iｴ;WﾗﾉﾗｪｷI;ﾉ" Nﾐ W ｪ; ﾗﾐ " ; " ｴW" F ;ﾐS"
JAzArch Spring 2012
1;ﾐ;ﾉ"y ｷﾐ ぎ"#" 1ﾉ; ｷI"vW ｷﾗS" }ｷ W"ｷﾐ" vｴﾗWﾐｷ が"WSｷ WS" H "
7ﾗ ｪﾉ; " yく" cｷ IｴWﾉﾉが" く" Αヰヵ‐ΑΑンく" }ﾗｷﾉ" } Wﾏ " v HﾉｷI;ど
ﾗﾐ "ｷﾐ"# Iｴ;Wﾗﾉﾗｪ "dﾗく"ヱヲが"vｴﾗWﾐｷ く
cｷ IｴWﾉﾉが"7ﾗ ｪﾉ; "yくが"vWﾐﾐ "7 aﾗW"cｷﾐ ﾐが"7Wｷ S W"Yく"K ﾐど
ｪW aﾗ Sが";ﾐS"cｷIｴ;Wﾉ"}く"Eﾗ W
ヱΓΓヴ
0 ｷ;ﾉ"7W I ｷ ﾗﾐ く"Nﾐ"~ｴW"v WHﾉﾗ"F ;ﾐSW"v ﾗﾃWI が"
ﾗﾉく"ヲぎ"EW; W"7W I ｷ ﾗﾐ が"1ｴ ﾗﾐﾗﾉﾗｪ が";ﾐS"}ｷ W"} Iど
Wが" WSｷ WS" H " 7ﾗ ｪﾉ; " yく" cｷ IｴWﾉﾉが" く" ヱヰΑ‐ヱヵヶく" }ﾗｷﾉ"
} Wﾏ "v HﾉｷI; ﾗﾐ "ｷﾐ"# Iｴ;Wﾗﾉﾗｪ "dﾗく"ヲヰが"vｴﾗWﾐｷ く"
cｷ IｴWﾉﾉが"7ﾗ ｪﾉ; "yくが";ﾐS"Y S "]く"0 ﾐ ﾗﾐ‐K;SﾉW
ヲヰヰヱ
#ﾐ"; ;ﾉ ; ﾗﾐ"ﾗa"1ﾉ; ｷI"vW ｷﾗS"Kﾗｴﾗﾆ;ﾏ"0 ｷ;ﾉ "
;ﾐS"}ﾗIｷW ぎ"1ｴｷWa が"v ｷW が"ﾗ "#IW ｴ;ﾉﾗ "1ﾗﾏ ﾉW ｷ い"
Nﾐ" #ﾐIｷWﾐ " 0 ｷ;ﾉ" v ;I IW " ﾗa" ｴW" #ﾏW ｷI;ﾐ" }ﾗ ｴ W が"
WSｷ WS" H " 7ﾗ ｪﾉ; " yく" cｷ IｴWﾉﾉ" ;ﾐS" Y S " ]く" 0 ﾐ ﾗﾐ‐
K;SﾉW が" く"ヴヵ‐ヶΑく"⁄ﾐｷ W ｷ "ﾗa"dW "cW ｷIﾗ"v W が"#ﾉど
H
W Wく
y HﾉWが";ﾉﾉWﾐ"1く"ふWSｷ ﾗ ぶ
ヲヰヰΓ
# Iｴ;WﾗﾉﾗｪｷI;ﾉ"; I; ; ﾗﾐ "; " ｴW"́;ﾐ; SWﾉﾉｷ"}ｷ Wが"
#́"00ぎヱンぎヱふ#}cぶく"~WIｴﾐｷI;ﾉ"yW ﾗ "dﾗく"ヲヰヰヴ‐ヰヱく"7W W "
# Iｴ;Wﾗﾉﾗｪ "NﾐIくが"~ I ﾗﾐく
}; ﾉが"c; ｷﾉ ﾐ
ヱΓΒΑ
j WﾗﾉﾗｪｷI;ﾉ" #ﾐ;ﾉ ｷ " ﾗa" K ﾏ;ﾐ" yWﾏ;ｷﾐ く" Nﾐ" ~ｴW"
# Iｴ;Wﾗﾉﾗｪ "ﾗa" ｴW"};ﾐ"„; ｷW "0 ｷSｪW"}ｷ W"ふ#́"00ぎヱンぎヱヴぶ"
~ I ﾗﾐ" 0; ｷﾐが" }ﾗ ｴW ﾐ" # ｷ ﾗﾐ;が" WSｷ WS" H " Yﾗｴﾐ" 1く"
y; W ﾉﾗﾗ が" く"ヴヶΑ‐ヴΑく"# ｷ ﾗﾐ;"} ; W"c W ﾏ"# Iｴ;Wﾗど
ﾉﾗｪｷI;ﾉ"}W ｷW "dﾗく"ヱΑヱが"~ I ﾗﾐく
}; Wが"# ｴ "#く
ヱΓΑヰ
}ﾗIｷ;ﾉ" 7ｷﾏWﾐ ｷﾗﾐ " ﾗa" cﾗ ; " v ;I IW " ｷﾐ" ;"
cW ﾗﾉｷ ｴｷI" vﾗ ﾉ; ﾗﾐ" a ﾗﾏ" ;Sｷ" K;ﾉa;が" } S;ﾐが" ⁄ﾐど
Hﾉｷ ｴWS"vｴく7く"Sｷ W ; ﾗﾐが"7W ; ﾏWﾐ "ﾗa"#ﾐ ｴ ﾗ ﾗﾉど
ﾗｪ が"⁄ﾐｷ W ｷ "ﾗa"cｷIｴｷｪ;ﾐが"#ﾐﾐ"# Hﾗ く
}ｴ;dW が"Y;ﾏW
ヱΓンΓ
yW ﾗ " ﾗﾐ" ; I; ; ﾗﾐ" ;ﾐS" #ﾐ;ﾉ ｷ " ｷﾐ" 0ﾉﾗIﾆ" N‐Αが"
⁄ﾐｷ W ｷ "NﾐSｷ;ﾐ"y ｷﾐ " ﾐSW ";ﾏｷﾉ"1く"K; く"c;ﾐ I ｷ "
ﾗﾐ"gﾉWが"# ｷ ﾗﾐ;"} ; W"c W ﾏが"~ I ﾗﾐく"
~;ｷﾐ W が"Yﾗ W ｴ"#く
ヱΓΑΒ
cﾗ ; " v ;I IW " ;ﾐS" ｴW" } S " ﾗa" v Wｴｷ ﾗ ｷI"
}ﾗIｷ;ﾉ" } Wﾏ く" #S ;ﾐIW " ｷﾐ" # Iｴ;WﾗﾉﾗｪｷI;ﾉ" cW ｴﾗS "
;ﾐS"~ｴWﾗ "ヱぎヱヰヵ‐ヱヴヱく
;ﾉﾉ;IWが"KWﾐ "7く"ふWSｷ ﾗ ぶ
ヱΓΓヵ
# Iｴ;WﾗﾉﾗｪｷI;ﾉ" Nﾐ W ｪ; ﾗﾐ " ; " ]ﾗ " cﾗ W ﾗ が" ;"
v Wｴｷ ﾗ ｷI" }W ﾉWﾏWﾐ " ｷﾐ" ｴW" dﾗ ｴW ﾐ" ~ I ﾗﾐ" 0; ｷﾐく"
#ﾐ ｴ ﾗ ﾗﾉﾗｪｷI;ﾉ"v; W "ヱΑく"1Wﾐ W "aﾗ "7W W "# Iｴ;Wﾗﾉど
ﾗｪ が"~ I ﾗﾐく
W; W "Y くが"7ﾗﾐ;ﾉS
ヱΓΑン
; I; ; ﾗﾐ "; "v WHﾉﾗ"7Wﾉ"cﾗﾐ W";ﾐS" ｴW"1ﾉ; ｷI"
vW ｷﾗS"Kﾗｴﾗﾆ;ﾏ"v ﾗHﾉWﾏく"[ｷ ;"ンΓぎヱく
ｷﾉIﾗ が"7; ｷS"yく
ヱΓΓヱ
Kﾗｴﾗﾆ;ﾏ"}ﾗIｷ;ﾉ"1ﾗﾏ ﾉW ｷ く"Nﾐ"1ｴ;Iﾗ";ﾐS"Kﾗｴﾗど
ﾆ;ﾏぎ" v Wｴｷ ﾗ ｷI" yWｪｷﾗﾐ;ﾉ" } Wﾏ " ｷﾐ" ｴW" #ﾏW ｷI;ﾐ"
}ﾗ ｴ W が" WSｷ WS" H " v; ｷIｷ;" ]く" 1 ﾗ ﾐ" ;ﾐS" く" Y;ﾏW "
Y SｪWが" く"ヲヵン‐ヲΑヶく"}Iｴﾗﾗﾉ"ﾗa"#ﾏW ｷI;ﾐ"yW W; Iｴが"};ﾐ ;"
EWく
Rachael Byrd