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European Journal Of Public Health
Background Tobacco product packaging is a key part of marketing efforts to make tobacco use appealing. In contrast, large, prominent health warnings are intended to inform individuals about the risks of smoking. In the European Union, since May 2016, the Tobacco Products Directive 2014/40/EU (TPD2) requires tobacco product packages to carry combined health warnings consisting of a picture, a text warning and information on stop smoking services, covering 65% of the front and back of the packages. Methods Key measures of warning label effectiveness (salience, cognitive reactions and behavioural reaction) before and after implementation of the TPD2, determinants of warning labels’ effectiveness and country differences were examined in a longitudinal sample of 6011 adult smokers from Germany, Greece, Hungary, Poland, Romania and Spain (EUREST-PLUS Project) using longitudinal Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) models. Results In the pooled sample, the warning labels’ effectiveness i...
European Journal of Public Health
Effectiveness of tobacco warning labels before and after implementation of the European Tobacco Products Directive—findings from the longitudinal EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe surveys2020 •
BackgroundTobacco product packaging is a key part of marketing efforts to make tobacco use appealing. In contrast, large, prominent health warnings are intended to inform individuals about the risks of smoking. In the European Union, since May 2016, the Tobacco Products Directive 2014/40/EU (TPD2) requires tobacco product packages to carry combined health warnings consisting of a picture, a text warning and information on stop smoking services, covering 65% of the front and back of the packages.MethodsKey measures of warning label effectiveness (salience, cognitive reactions and behavioural reaction) before and after implementation of the TPD2, determinants of warning labels’ effectiveness and country differences were examined in a longitudinal sample of 6011 adult smokers from Germany, Greece, Hungary, Poland, Romania and Spain (EUREST-PLUS Project) using longitudinal Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) models.ResultsIn the pooled sample, the warning labels’ effectiveness increa...
International Journal of Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Marketing
Exploring the effectiveness of cigarette warning labels: findings from the United States and United Kingdom arms of the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four Country Survey2008 •
This paper explores the effectiveness of cigarette warning labels across two countries, one (the UK) with new and stricter legislation where text based labels have been made more prominent and one (the USA) with less stringent regulation, where labels are less visible. Using longitudinal data from the two countries, the research seeks to investigate the impact of the different types of warning labels on the information processing by consumers. This paper assesses the effectiveness of warning labels in terms of: consumer attention, elaboration, contemplation on quitting and behavioural compliance. This study provides a comprehensive examination of these key factors in a fixed causal sequence. Structural equation modelling was used to test this model based on longitudinal panel survey data from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four Country Survey. Analysis of a sample of 901 US smokers and 1459 UK smokers yielded results in full support of all hypothesised relationships in the ...
Objective Some researchers have raised concerns that pictorial health warning labels (HWLs) on cigarette packages may lead to message rejection and reduced effectiveness of HWL messages. This study aimed to determine how state reactance (i.e., negative affect due to perceived manipulation) in response to both pictorial and text-only HWLs is associated with other types of HWL responses and with subsequent cessation attempts. Methods Survey data were collected every 4 months between September 2013 and 2014 from online panels of adult smokers in Australia, Canada, Mexico, and the US were analyzed. Participants with at least one wave of follow-up were included in the analysis (n = 4,072 smokers; 7,459 observations). Surveys assessed psychological and behavioral responses to HWLs (i.e., attention to HWLs, cognitive elaboration of risks due to HWLs, avoiding HWLs, and for-going cigarettes because of HWLs) and cessation attempts. Participants then viewed specific HWLs from their countries and were queried about affective state reactance. Logistic and linear Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) models regressed each of the psychological and behavioral HWL responses on reactance, while controlling for socio-demographic and smoking-related variables. Logistic GEE models also regressed having
The European Journal of Public Health
Effectiveness of the European Union text-only cigarette health warnings: findings from four countries2019 •
Background. The aim of the study was to evaluate in the Italian smokers, the effects of implementation of the law about Pictorial Health Warnings (PHWs) on tobacco products. Methods. A quasi-experimental longitudinal design was conducted between 2016 and 2017. The data were collected before (pre-PHW/Wave 1) and after (post-PHW/Wave 2) the implementation of the law. The adopted questionnaire included impact of advertisement (Label Impact Index, LII), quitting behavior and knowledge of tobacco related diseases.Results. 455 respondents completed both the Waves. 7.7% of smokers declared to have stopped smoking in Wave 2 and 29% of these declared the PHWs as one of the reasons to quit. The knowledge of tobacco related diseases was significantly (p <0.001) increased from Wave 1 to Wave 2 (58% versus 72%), similarly the LII (mean = 26.9, SD = 16.7 and mean = 40.4, SD = 16.2).Conclusion. Tobacco addiction is a problem that needs to be addressed from different angles. PHWs confirm their c...
Annali dell'Istituto superiore di sanita
The impact of pictorial health warnings on tobacco products in smokers behaviours and knowledge: the first quasi-experimental field trial after the implementation of the tobacco law in Italy2019 •
BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to evaluate in the Italian smokers, the effects of implementation of the law about Pictorial Health Warnings (PHWs) on tobacco products. METHODS A quasi-experimental longitudinal design was conducted between 2016 and 2017. The data were collected before (pre-PHW/Wave 1) and after (post-PHW/Wave 2) the implementation of the law. The adopted questionnaire included impact of advertisement (Label Impact Index, LII), quitting behavior and knowledge of tobacco related diseases. RESULTS 455 respondents completed both the Waves. 7.7% of smokers declared to have stopped smoking in Wave 2 and 29% of these declared the PHWs as one of the reasons to quit. The knowledge of tobacco related diseases was significantly (p <0.001) increased from Wave 1 to Wave 2 (58% versus 72%), similarly the LII (mean = 26.9, SD = 16.7 and mean = 40.4, SD = 16.2). CONCLUSION Tobacco addiction is a problem that needs to be addressed from different angles. PHWs confirm their com...
Zagłada Żydów. Studia i Materiały
Carla Tonini, Czas nienawiści i czas troski. Zofia Kossak-Szczucka – antysemitka, która ratowała Żydów2009 •
Academia Letters
An Estimation of the Non-pharmaceutical Interventions Efficacy through Awareness to Reduce the COVID-19 Disease Burden2021 •
C. Tornau (Hg.), Plotin Handbuch, J.B. Metzler
Platonisierende Strömungen2023 •
Scrivere la storia, costruire l’archivio. Note per una storiografia del cinema e dei media
Scrivere la storia, costruire l’archivio. Note per una storiografia del cinema e dei media [2021]2021 •
ВЕСТНИК КЫРГЫЗСКО-РОССИЙСКОГО СЛАВЯНСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА
MODERN STATE OF DIGITIZATION OF PHILOSOPHICAL SOURCES OF THE MAHAYANA WORLDVIEW (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE ASIAN LEGACY LIBRARY – ALL)2024 •
[Online Seminar ("Webinar") in Greek language about the "Dark Sides of Archaeology: scandals, forgeries, fallacies, hoaxes, illicit excavations and antiquities trade, pseudoarchaeology"]
Διαδικτυακό σεμινάριο (Webinar): Οι «Σκοτεινές Πλευρές» της Αρχαιολογίας: Σκάνδαλα, Πλαστογραφίες, Αρχαιοκαπηλία, Λογικές Πλάνες, Διαστρεβλώσεις, Ψευδοεπιστημονικές Εικασίες2024 •
Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics
FTIR separation of nylon‐6 chain conformations: Clarification of the mesomorphous and γ‐crystalline phases1992 •
2012 •
Journal of Controlled Release
Structure–activity relationships of siRNA carriers based on sequence-defined oligo (ethane amino) amides2012 •
T. Tortosa (ed.), La novela arqueológica o la ensoñación de la realidad (s. XVIII-XXI)
La Sabina de Böttiger: la construcción de una dama romana a comienzos de la contemporaneidad2024 •
international journal of nano dimension
Preparation, characterization and photocatalytic performance of nano α-Fe2O3 supported on metal organic framework of Cd(II) for decomposition of Cefalexin aqueous solutions2021 •
Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics
Influence of cumulus convection and cloud microphysics parameterizations on the prediction of Western Disturbances2019 •