With this article we continue the publication of the long series of archaeological lectures that Pelegrí Casades i Gramatxes gave at the Centre Excursionista de Catalunya from 1905. On this occasion we present the manuscript of the lecture he gave on November 11th, 1905 on prehistory of the Iberian Peninsula.

Günümüzde, bireyler ve toplumlar medya araçları ile çevrelenmiş durumdadır. Medyaya erişmek, medyayı kullanmak ve medyada görünür olmak konusunda neredeyse herhangi bir engel bulunmamaktadır. Yalnızca birkaç saniye içinde fotoğraf, video ya da metinler aracılığıyla içerik oluşturmak, ardından bu içerikleri sosyal medyada paylaşmak mümkündür. Medya bizi yalnızca görünür kılmakla kalmaz, eğlendirir, bilgilendirir, ikna eder ve harekete geçirir. Kısacası, medyanın bireyler üzerindeki etkisi düşünüldüğünden çok fazladır. Özellikle, üretken yapay zekâ (generative artificial intelligence) teknolojilerinin medya içeriklerinde kullanılmasıyla birlikte, söz konusu etki bir odak değişikliğine neden olmuştur. Yapay zekâ teknolojileri, daha ilgi çekici ve daha büyük miktarlarda içerik üretmede medya sektörü için adeta bir çözüm niteliğinde olmuştur. Yapay zekanın sağladığı akıllı teknoloji çözümleriyle hedef kitle için daha kişiselleştirilmiş bir deneyim sunmak mümkün hale gelmiştir. Bu sayede, yalnızca görsel alanda değil, müzik, hikâye anlatıcılığı, oyun, tasarım, gazetecilik ve sosyal medya gibi alanlarda da içerik üretimi konusunda köklü bir anlayış değişikliği yaşanmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, yapay zekâ tarafından üretilen içerik miktarı arttıkça, neyin doğru, neyin yanlış ya da sahte (deepfake) olduğunu ayırt etmedeki kavrayışımızın giderek zorlanır hale geldiğini söylemek mümkündür. Bu nedenle, yapay zekânın dikkatli kullanımı ve bireylerin eleştirel düşünme kapasitesinin korunması son derece önemlidir. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, üretken yapay zekâ araçlarının medyadaki etkileri ve yansımalarını örnekler üzerinden tartışmak ve geleceğe ilişkin öneriler sunmaktır. Bu bağlamda çalışma kapsamında, öncelikli olarak üretken yapay zekâ araçlarının günümüzde medya içerikleri üzerinde yarattığı etki ses, metin ve görüntü üretimi açısından incelenmektedir. Ardından, yapay zekâ tarafından üretilen içeriklerin doğruluğu ve güvenirliği çerçevesinde medyanın geleceği uygulama örnekleri üzerinden ayrıntılı bir biçimde tartışılmaktadır.

FACTS: Petitioner Aisporna was charged for violation of Section 189 of the Insurance Act. Petitioner's husband, Rodolfo S. Aisporna (Rodolfo) was duly licensed by the Insurance Commission as agent to Perla Compania de Seguros. Thru Rodolfo, a 12-month Personal Accident Policy was issued by Perla with beneficiary to Ana M. Isidro for P50,000. The insured died by violence during lifetime of policy. Subsequently, petitioner was charged because the aforementioned policy was issued with her active participation, which is not allowed because she did not possess a certificate of authority to act as agent from the office of the Insurance Commission. Petitioner contended that being the wife of Rodolfo, she naturally helped him in his work, and that the policy was merely a renewal and was issued because her husband was not around when Isidro called by telephone. Instead, appellant left a note on top of her husband's desk. The trial court found petitioner guilty as charged. On appeal, the trial court's decisions was affirmed by respondent appellate court, finding petitioner guilty of a violation of the first paragraph of Sec 189 of the insurance act. ISSUE: Whether or not a person can be convicted of having violated the first paragraph of Section 189 of the Insurance Act without reference to the second paragraph of the same section. RULING: The petition is meritorious. Petition appealed from is reversed, and accused is acquitted of the crime charged. A perusal of the provision in question shows that the first paragraph thereof prohibits a person from acting as agent, sub-agent or broker in the solicitation or procurement of applications for insurance without first procuring a certificate of authority so to act from the Insurance Commissioner, while its second paragraph defines who an insurance agent is within the intent of this section and, finally, the third paragraph thereof prescribes the penalty to be imposed for its violation. The definition of an insurance agent as found in the second paragraph of Section 189 is intended to define the word " agent " mentioned in the first and second paragraphs of the aforesaid section. More significantly, in its second paragraph, it is explicitly provided that the definition of an insurance agent is within the intent of Section 189. Applying the definition of an insurance agent in the second paragraph to the agent mentioned in the first and second paragraphs would give harmony to the aforesaid three paragraphs of Section 189. Legislative intent must be ascertained from a consideration of the statute as a whole. The particular words, clauses and phrases should not be studied as detached and isolated expressions, but the whole and every part of the statute must be considered in fixing the meaning of any of its parts and in order to produce harmonious whole. A statute must be so construed as to harmonize and give effect to all its provisions whenever possible. More importantly the doctrine of associated words (Noscitur a Sociis) provides that where a particular word or phrase in a statement is ambiguous in itself or is equally susceptible of various meanings, its true meaning may be made clear and specific by considering the company in which it is found or with which it is associated. Considering that the definition of an insurance agent as found in the second paragraph is also applicable to the agent mentioned in the first paragraph, to receive compensation by the agent is an essential element for a violation of the first paragraph of the aforesaid section. In the case at bar, the information does not allege that the negotiation of an insurance contracts by the accused with Eugenio Isidro was one for compensation. This allegation is essential, and having been omitted, a conviction of the