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2017, The conversation
In 1974, the World Food Conference declared that: " Every man, woman and child has the inalienable right to be free from hunger and malnutrition in order to develop their physical and mental faculties. " The conference set as its goal the eradication of hunger, food insecurity and malnutrition within a decade. Two decades later, in 1996, the World Food Summit was assembled in an explicit admission that this goal had not been met. More than 10,000 participants from 195 countries gathered in Rome and, over five days of intense discussion, set a target of reducing by half the number of undernourished people by no later than 2015. Food security was defined in the following declaration: Food security exists when all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life. The summit set out a sevenpoint plan of action, including managing population growth ...
F ood security is considered one of the most crucial problems of the modern age; yet the entire world discusses this issue in the context of developing countries, mostly Africa and the poor states of Asia. When we say food security, we often refer to fertilized, harmful food in areas where diseases are abundant and nutrition lacks. However, scientists often seem to forget about the food problems in the USA, Europe and other developed regions. In Africa, diseases and malnutrition are two of the key aspects of food problems; however, in USA, as an example, fast food and fertilized food are still huge problems causing dozens of unprecedented and inevitable health issues. Geographical and economical factors affect the food security, but the they are also impacted in a negative sense 1 in turn. There have been several attempts in prioritizing the food security in the light of a more sustainable methods of cultivating foods.
Food Security-here refers to adequate access to food all the times, throughout the year and from year to year. Access is ensured when all households and all individuals within those households have sufficient resources to obtain appropriate foods for a nutritious and balanced diet. A further component in the definition of food security concerned the actual quality and type of food supplied and a requirement that it should not merely satisfy protein-energy needs but provide the nutritional balance necessary for a healthy and active life; in addition to this was the recognition of preferences, traditional habits and socially acceptable food types when considering the definition of food security. The World Food Summit's 1996 definition includes these aspects when it mentions: " access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food which meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life. " This generally accepted definition describes what are known as the Four Pillars of food security: accessibility, availability, utilization and stability. On the contrary The FAO definition of food insecurity is: " A situation that exists when people lack secure access to sufficient amounts of safe and nutritious food for normal growth and development and an active and healthy life. " Any analysis of food security will examine whether a change from security to insecurity or insecurity to security actually takes place and also the probability of such a change happening. Factors that may lead to a situation of food insecurity include non-availability of food, lack of access, improper utilization and instability over a certain time period. The 1996 World Food Summit declared the fight against food insecurity as one of its objectives:
First Millennium Development Goal states the target of " Halving hunger by 2015 ". Sadly, the recent statistics for India present a very gloomy picture. India currently has the largest number of undernourished people in the world and this is in spite of the fact that it has made substantial progress in health determinants over the past decades and ranks second worldwide in farm output. The causes of existing food insecurity can be better viewed under three concepts namely the: " traditional concept " which includes factors such as unavailability of food and poor purchasing capacity; " socio-demographic concept " which includes illiteracy, unemployment, overcrowding, poor environmental conditions and gender bias; " politico-developmental concept " comprising of factors such as lack of intersectoral coordination and political will, poorly monitored nutritional programmes and inadequate public food distribution system. If the Millennium Development Goal is to be achieved by 2015, efforts to improve food and nutrition security have to increase considerably.
Report by the High Level Panel of Experts on Food Security and Nutrition of the Committee on World Food Security, Rome. , 2020
The 15th Report of the High-Level Panel of Experts on Food Security and Nutrition (HLPE) responds to the request of the UN Committee on World Food Security (CFS) to provide strategic guidance towards the achievement of the SDGs, especially SDG 2: “End hunger, achieve food security and nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture.” The timing of this report is crucial. The state of global food security and nutrition is alarming, with an estimated 821 million people experiencing chronic undernourishment and with poor nutrition contributing to nearly 45% of the deaths in children under the age of five. The COVID-19 pandemic makes this situation even more urgent: world hunger is projected to rise with the most affected being the poorest and most vulnerable segments of the population. The report has several core messages. First, there is an urgent need to strengthen and consolidate conceptual and policy thinking around FSN to prioritize the right to food, to widen our understanding of food security and to adopt a food systems analytical and policy framework. Second, the right to food must be prioritized as a guiding principle for the achievement of food security and sustainable food systems. Third, understandings of food security must be updated to incorporate agency and sustainability alongside availability, access, utilization and stability, as supported by the literature and states’ obligations with respect to the right to food. And Fourth, policymakers must adopt a sustainable food systems approach that supports the six dimensions of food security. Progress on the 2030 Agenda, especially SDG 2, has been uneven, pointing to the need to improve our understanding of the complex underlying drivers of food system change. Four critical policy shifts are required to transition to more sustainable food systems that support all dimensions of food security. First, it is vital that food policies support a radical transformation of food systems from production to consumption. Second, it is important for food policies to take into account the interconnectedness of different systems and sectors. Third, policies must address hunger and all forms of malnutrition. Fourth, it is essential that food policies develop context-specific solutions, taking local conditions and knowledge into account. It is vital that the global community seize this moment to embrace these policy shifts to arrive at more sustainable food systems that support all dimensions of food security and uphold the right to food for all.
2014
he world’s population reached 7 billion in 2011 and is ex‐ pected to reach 9 billion by 2050. Much of this growth will be concentrated in low‐income countries, which already face seri‐ ous challenges in satisfying basic needs, including food, water, and energy. Population and income growth will drive food demand in the coming decades; nearly 80 percent more meat, 52 percent more cereals, and 40 percent more roots and tubers will need to be produced between 2005 and 2050 (based on the MIROC A1B cli‐ mate change scenario), at likely higher food prices and with ad‐ verse consequences for the world’s poor and vulnerable popula‐ tions. Under the same baseline scenario, food prices for maize, rice, and wheat would significantly increase between 2005 and 2050, and the number of people at risk of hunger in the developing world would grow from 881 million in 2005 to 1,031 million people by 2050.
Sustainability, 2022
Food security is one of the most challenging topics globally; however, the concept of food security has taken on additional dimensions that are general and are less detailed. This study aims to identify the intellectual structure of food security research and the changes in this structure. This paper analyzed 3169 documents from the Web of Science database through a bibliometric review. A review of the published documents shows an increasing trend over the past 46 years. In accordance with co-occurrence analysis, 125 keywords were grouped into five clusters: food security and sustainable development; food security and socioeconomic factors; food security policy and governance; coping strategies for poverty, inequality, and hunger; and modern food security management. This study identifies four streams within food security research: sustainability and environmental, socioeconomic, cultural, and political factors. The paper concludes that even though food security might investigate ma...
IAHRW International Journal of Social Sciences, 2018
Food is a basic requirement for every individual's existence. But the utility of food should not just get limited up to providing a mere survival to the mankind; rather it should also ensure a healthier and qualitative life to all. Prior to having the access to clothing, shelter, education or health care, people need to satisfy their hunger and feel secure for their future meals. Achieving the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG 2) of ending hunger, poverty and malnutrition by the end of 2030 is a foremost aspiration for many countries. But, supplying nutritious food in a sufficient quantity to the ever-increasing world population in a sustainable manner is still a major challenge. Globally, a segment of society is facing problem of poverty coinciding with food insecurity, thereby leading to hunger and starvation. The paper highlights poverty and food insecurity problems within the framework of population growth. The paper argues that it is essential to pay attention on population growth, poverty and food insecurity issues globally and also, in particular to our nation's standpoint, with the aim of realizing the Sustainable Development Goals.
Anthropologie de l'islam-anthropologie dans l'islam, 2023
Représentations de la Vierge Marie entre culte officiel et vénération locale. Textes et images, Cristina Bogdan, Cristina-Ioana Dima, Emanuela Timotin (eds.),Heidelberg, Herlo Verlag, ISBN 978-3-948670-04-7, p. 127-150, 2022
Derroteros del grabado en el libro impreso novohispano, 2024
DAMPAK SOCIAL DISTANCING TERHADAP PEDAGANG KECIL, 2020
Journal of Reproduction and Development, 2011
Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 2008
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), 2018
Functional Plant Breeding Journal, 2020
Český časopis historický/Czech Historical Review, 2024
JOURNAL OF BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION AND CELLULAR THERAPY
Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 2019
Iltek: Jurnal Teknologi, 2016
Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference "Far East Con" (ISCFEC 2020), 2020