GOODBYE, MK GANDHI

KCG-Portal of Journals, 2020

English novels were developed by the Trio of Rasipuram Krishnaswami Iyer Narayanaswami, Mulk Raj Anand, and Raja Rao. Narayan has enriched the Indo Anglian fiction with his prolific writing. He has written novels and short stories on village life, college life, domestic issues and political issues at some extent. In 1958, he won the Sahitya Academi award for his novel The Guide and became the first Indian English writer to win the Sahitya Academy Award. He was also awarded Padma Bhushan(1964) and Padma Vibhusan(2001). Narayan belongs to the era which is known as Gandhian Era in Indian English Literature. Almost all his contemporaries were directly or indirectly influenced by the Gandhian Ideology and Narayan was not the exception. Raja Rao's Kanthapura(1938), Mulk Raj Anand;s Untouchable(1935), and Narayan's Waiting for the Mahatma(1955) these three novels are remarkable for gandhian influence on Indian English Literature. Waiting for the Mahatma is a most political work of R. K. Narayan. An interesting feature of this novel is the participation of Gandhi as a character. he is not the central character but his ideology is central in the novel. In this novel, Gandhiji brought up one orphan girl named Bharati and she becomes the main cause of Gandhiji's influence on the protagonist Sriram, a reckless fellow who is transformed into a patriotic young man and true follower of Gandhian ideology. This research article presents Waiting for the Mahatma as a Gandhian novel keeping in mind how the presence of Gandhi as a character in the novel and the Gandhian Ideology prevalent in the novel for the development of the protagonist Sriram from irresponsible young man into a passionate lover and a patriotic young man. 2. Review of Related Literature: For this Research, researchers have reviewed the following research papers. 1) Sudha, M. "Gandhiji's Vision Exhibited in the Novels of RK Narayan." The Down Journal 2.1 (2013): 344-348. 2) Chelliah, S. "The Gandhian Era and Gandhian Ideology in Indo-Anglian Fiction Kanthapura and Waiting for the Mahatma." 3) Ghosh, Koushik. "Gandhiji's 'Religious Thought'in RK Narayn's selected Novels." 4) Nitonde, Rohidas S. "4. Gandhian Ideology in RK Narayan's Waiting for Mahatma." 5) More, Vijay. (2015). Reflection of Gandhian philosophy in R.K.Narayan's Writings 3. Gandhian Ideology: Gandhian ideology is a set of religious, spiritual, political, economic, individual and social ideas adopted and developed by Mahatma Gandhi to transform the individual and socially simultaneously, in accordance with the principles of Truth, Nonviolence, Satyagraha, Sarvodaya, Trusteeship, Swadeshi, and so on. Gandhi believed in truth, and that ultimate truth is God as God is also truth. He regarded nonviolence and love as the highest law of humankind. To win people love is the best weapon he believed. Satyagraha is a method of securing rights from others in a nonviolent way, without being harmful even to enemy. To fight against injustice, exploitation and oppression with the purest soul force. 4. Gandhian Ideology in Indian English Fiction: The period from 1920 to the assassination of Mahatma Gandhi in 1948 is noted for spreading Gandhian Philosophy in Indian English Literature. M. K. Naik, an eminent critic regarded this period as "the Gandhian Whirl World" (Naik 114) with an unprecedented aweakening of "a distinctive national unity" (Naik 116). The influence of Mahatma Gandhi one can find in almost all texts written during those days. "The most potent force behind the whole movement, the Mahatma is a recurring

Abstract: Mahatma Gandhi struggled for the sake of Indian freedom and development. He became an immense source of writing and influenced different disciplines and writers from different fields like philosophy, politics, history, literature, sociology, and so on. Indian English literature has great impact of Gandhian philosophy. The great Indian trio- R.K. Narayan, Mulk Raj Anand, Raja Rao has explored Gandhian thoughts in their writings. Their novels follow Gandhian ideology and his principles of Non-violence, Truth, Brotherhood, Satyagraha and his views on untouchability. The present paper is an attempt to study Gandhian strain in R.K. Narayan’s Waiting for the Mahatma, Mulk Raj Anand’s Untouchable, and Raja Rao’s Kanthapura. Waiting for the Mahatma portrays Gandhi as a great leader who is deeply connected with the problems of ordinary people. In Untouchable his views give a hope for a good life for the downtrodden. And at the same time Kanthapura shows influence of Gandhi’s struggle for Indian Independence and its impact on the people of a small village. Key Words: Gandhism, influence, impact, leader, downtrodden.

Mittal Publication , 2022

London: Routledge, 2020

‘Mahatma Gandhi has made a lasting contribution to political philosophy and this requires that succeeding generations of scholars interpret that contribution in ways that meet the needs of the changing times and intellectual trends. Gandhi and the Contemporary World meets this requirement very admirably: it presents Gandhi in a critical, lively and timely fashion. Enjoy this excellent addition to Gandhi literature’. Anthony J. Parel, Professor Emeritus of Political Science, University of Calgary, Canada ‘

ariel: A Review of International English Literature, 2014

There are many leaders who have been much influential in Indian politics throughout history. Gandhi, due to his dedication to human principles and a way of life, would unquestionably rank at the top of any list of eaders. Gandhi's philosophy has had an impact on people from all walks of life even 60 years after his departure. This research aims to comprehend the beliefs and philosophy of Mahatma Gandhi as well as the ways in which his speeches affected the public. Gandhi's worth and ideas have never been in doubt, but whether or not they are applicable now has always been up for debate.The popularity of a 2006 Bollywood film which is centred on a man named "Munnabhai" who adopts "Gandhism" and practices his values to reconcile, negotiate, and win over hearts, gave this phenomena a new name: Gandhigiri. This is the first case of its kind, and it contains a wealth of information for the masses to grasp and comprehend the lessons Gandhi and his philosophy teach.

International Journal of Development Education and Global Learning, 2017