""This fascinating collection samples new trends in research on breastmilk and the conditions of its production, consumption, and exchange. Imagining breastfeeding as more than an aspect of maternal being, Giving Breastmilk is interested in the ethical relations it generates, as well as it being valuable work that women do. The chapters trace the social anxieties around breastmilk into courts of law, news media, cinema and international politics, analyse the experiences of mothers, children, intensive care nurses and recipients of donated milk, and consider the impact of milk pumps, AIDS, wet-nurses and marketing campaigns. The place of breastmilk in culture and politics is never neutral, always contested, and this volume makes a substantial contribution to expanding the meanings of giving breastmilk. Table of Contents Introduction. Mapping the Ethics and Politics of Contemporary Breastmilk Exchange: An Introduction - Alison Bartlett and Rhonda Shaw Part I: Making Milk The Breast Pump - Cindy Stearns The Ideological Work of Infant Feeding - Denise A. Copelton, Rebecca McGee, Andrew Coco, Isis Shanbaky, Timothy Riley “Breast is Best” and Other Messages of Breastfeeding Promotion - Annette Beasley The Lactating Body and Conflicting Ideals of Sexuality, Motherhood and Self - Monica Campo Receiving and Enjoying Milk: What Breastfeeding Means to Children - Karleen Gribble Part II: Sharing Milk Perspectives on Ethics and Human Milk Banking - Rhonda Shaw The Story of the Mothers’ Milk Bank of New England (MMBNE) - Naomi Bromberg Bar-Yam Comparing Sharing and Banking Milk: Issues of Gift Exchange and Community in the Sudan and Ireland - Tanya M. Cassidy and Abdullahi El-Tom Going with the Flow: Contemporary Discourses of Donor Breastmilk Use and Breastmilk in a Neonatal Intensive Care Setting - Carol Bartle Wet-nursing, Milk Banks, and Black Markets: The Political Economy of Giving Breastmilk in Canada in the 20th and 21st century - Tasnim Nathoo and Aleck Ostry Part III: Milk Politics Breastfeeding And HIV/AIDS: Critical Gaps And Dangerous Intersections - Penny Van Esterik From Maternal Love to Toxic Exposure: State Interpretations of Breastfeeding Mothers in the Child Welfare System - Jennifer A. Reich Risk and Culture Revisited: Breastfeeding and the 2002 West Nile Virus Scare in the United States - Bernice L. Hausman Part IV: Milk Theory Giving Breastmilk as Being-with - Karen McBride-Henry and Rhonda Shaw Breastfeeding Envy: Unresolved Patriarchal Envy and the Obstruction of Physiologically-Based Nursing Patterns - Keren Epstein-Gilboa Breastfeeding and Time: In Search of a Language for Pleasure and Agency - Alison Bartlett From “Gift of Loss” to Self Care: The Significance of Induced Lactation in Takashi Miike’s Visitor Q - Fiona Giles""

This thesis is an ethnographic study of the change in the production and consumption of indigenous and imported cow milk in South China, particularly Shunde and Hong Kong, during the post-Mao period. Contrary to the popular view that cow milk consumption in China is a result of Western influence, the milk production and consumption in South China is actually a continuation of the Chinese tradition. This thesis shows that the popularity of milk consumption in Shunde and Hong Kong is driven by the forces of colonialism, globalization, capitalism, and modern state-building. Milk consumption in these two places is mainly promoted through three kinds of agents - the market (global and local milk companies, financial investors, food-packaging companies), medical professionals and the State. I illustrate how these forces and agents affect the classification, meanings and values of health and culinary heritage, and how this results in a reinvention of tradition and a change in the concept of morality, amidst concerns over food safety. By examining the transformation of the values associated with milk in the process of production and consumption, I show how health and culinary heritage become the contested ground in the reconfiguration of modern identity and social relationship, while complying with the vision of the government in the building of national pride.

Online support communities for people with various health problems and related online activist groups have been the focus of scholarly attention for three decades. The arrival of social media increased the popularity and breadth of both phenomena. Breastfeeding online activism represents an interesting case in how it connects the (health) support and activist online presences of breastfeeding women. Furthermore, breastfeeding activism-or lactivism-is a form of embodied activism, often performed through breastfeeding. Stemming from over six years of observant participation in breastfeeding spaces online, this article traces the ways in which lactivists use Facebook to further their cause. From the creation of support groups, through the use of Facebook capabilities to organise action and create structures, to Facebook-specific forms of mass action, including image flooding and negrating, I argue that the emergence of lactivism as we know it is intimately connected with, and through, the medium. KEYWORDS breastfeeding, activism, embodiment, social media, lactivism Lactivism can be defined as practices of embodied breastfeeding activism carried out by breastfeeding women and enacted through breastfeeding (Stearns 2014). Breastfeeding itself, is a 'daily pattern of embodied living' (Hausman 2004, 278) and an 'embodied form of caregiving' (277), affected by the social structures and forms of consciousness which shape it as a practice, as well as the material and semiotic gendered realities of breastfeeding bodies. Breastfeeding parents' 5 engagements online are complex affairs through which breastfeeding bodies are 'translated' into online embodiment, where bodily, technological, reflexive and social aspects are intertwined (Rudnicki 2017). The embodied lactivist 'selves' who engage on 5 Throughout this paper I am primarily talking about breastfeeding/women/mothers, but where possible aim to use more gender-neutral language in recognition of the reality of nursing parents who do not identify as woman/female/mother. This is not always possible as some forms of activism are specifically dealing with the oppressive structures of patriarchy and their effects on women's bodies.

The Breast Milk Substitutes (Regulations and Control) Laws of Kenya Act no 34 of 2012 was enacted in 2012. Its core aim was to promote breastfeeding in Kenya. This paper analyses the Act and its effectiveness in promoting breastfeeding in Kenya. This study argues against the sole reliance on legislation without the establishment of a secondary support system which promotes breastfeeding. In addition to this, it proposes the establishment of breastfeeding as a reproductive right ensuring breastfeeding receives equal protection to other reproductive human rights.