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2018
The publication in 1965 of Paranoid Style and Other Essays by Richard Hofstadter is commonly American historian formulated a systematic perspective of the paranoid style: radical critics toward the neoliberal system and its dominants = irrationality = populism = conspiracism = antisemitism. Through a critical epistemology sprinkled with several examples, this communication aims then to deconstruct in three points this approach and highlight its uses and the programmatic/political effects it implies. First, I will argue that the " paranoid style " plurifactorial genesis is directly entwined with Hofstadter's personality for political (" Witches hunting " context), academic (Hoftstadter was a " consensus historian " with a psycho-pathological approach of social facts) and personal (former communist turned into a liberal and then a first generation neo-conservative) considerations and issues. Secondly, an interesting comparison could be raised with pioneers researches led on rumors after the WWII (Knapp 1944 ; Allport Postman 1947) and the uses of the " paranoid style " in their inclination to consider those social phenomenon as pathologies of the social body. Finally, I will examine the " paranoid style " posterity and its political uses nowadays which convey a conservative approach of conspiracism. Academic works tend to reduce this phenomenon to. In any case, in this systemic vision, every radical critics formulated toward the neo-liberal system tend to be consider as conspiracy theory.
Critica Masonica, 2018
La publication en 1965 de Paranoid Style in American Politics and Other Essays par Hofstadter est communément présentée comme le premier travail scientifique à s'intéresser à la question du conspirationnisme. Toutefois, dix ans plus tôt, dans Age of Reform, l'historien américain formulait déjà une grille de lecture systémiste du « style paranoïaque » : critique radicale des dominants et du système néo-libéral = irrationalité = populisme = conspirationnisme = antisémitisme. Dès lors, cette contribution cherchera a déconstruire au travers d'une épistémologie critique cette grille d'analyse, ses usages et les enjeux programmatiques/politiques qu'elle contient ou induit. D'abord, nous analyserons la genèse multifactorielle du « style paranoïaque » qui tient directement à la personnalité d'Hofstadter tant en raison de facteurs politiques (contexte de la « chasse aux sorcières »), académiques (fondation de « l’École du consensus » et approche psychopathologique des faits sociaux et politiques en général) que liés à sa trajectoire personnelle (ex-communiste devenu libéral puis néo-conservateur de première génération). Enfin, nous étudierons la postérité et les usages politiques du « style paranoïaque » dans des travaux qui offrent une lecture conservatrice du phénomène conspirationniste contemporain et qui tendent à le résumer au critère de l’irrationalité et/ou de l'antisémitisme. Dans tous les cas, dans cette vision systésmiste, toute forme de critique radicale du système néo-libéral ou toute croyance marginale devient l'expression plus ou moins manifeste de théories du complot.
Résumé: L'étude du palynofaciès a trait à la matière organique amorphe, aux débris opaques (minéraux, microcharbons). aux débris végétaux et aux microfossiles (algues d'eau douce, thèques d'oeufs de vers parasites..., y compris des pollens, des spores). Pour la première fois, ce type d'étude, défini par les pétroliers, est appliqué à des sédiments de sites archéologiques. L'étude de la matière organique amorphe est laissée au second plan au profit de celle des autres constituants, en particulier des microcharbons. En archéologie, l'étude du palynofaciès est encourageante ; outre les renseignements sur la mise en place et la taphonomie du matériel organique dont les pollens et spores, elle met en évidence les actions anthropozoogènes. Abstract: The study of palynofacies in archaeology consists of studying the elements in the organic matter of a veqetal origin: the amorphous parl, vegetal remains and opaque debris in transmitted light (mineral rests and microcharcoals) and the microfossil organisms (fresh water algae, thecal eggs or intestinal paraisite worms and also pollens and spores).
Archaeology of Conflict / Archaeology in Conflict, 2019
Archéologie des Conflits / Archéologie en Conflit - Documenter la Destruction au Moyen-Orient et en Asie Centrale Archaeology of Conflict / Archaeology in Conflict - Documenting Destruction of Cultural Heritage in the Middle-East and Central Asia Edited by Julie Bessenay-Prolonge, Jean-Jacques Herr, Mathilde Mura Full HD pdf freely available on : https://rdorient.hypotheses.org/1030
As Archaeologists we have to deal with the dead. And we like to keep our archeology dead, as David Clarke once said. From an epistemological perspective, alienation from the dead seems an inevitable necessity. Otherwise, we would only retroject today’s conditions. Therefore, the past must be and must remain a foreign country! There are a large number of strategies and practices of alienation which are already socialized in archaeological education. But do we have the right to put the deads’ mortal remains on display in a museum after excavating tombs? Or to number their bones and put them in storage in archival cardboard boxes? From an ethical perspective, alienation from the past dead is an othering in the sense of Johannes Fabian and Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak. Past subjects are not only dead but transformed into objects. Ðrecisely because archeology is a science that deals with past people and affects current people, actors should not shy away from their ethical responsibility. Therefore, it is all the more surprising that in the German-speaking world as well as other European countries there is hardly any discussion about the connection between archeology and ethics. This is why in November 2015 the Forum Kritische Archäologie (FKA, Critical Archeology Forum) , Theorien in der Archäologie (TidA, Theories in Archeology) and the Forum Archäologie in der Gesellschaft (FaiG, Forum Archeology in Society) initiated a joint workshop in Kassel, Germany. Our goal was the bundling of previous debates, as well as exploring the topic in an up-to-date discussion. Ðn our lecture, we want to sum up our arguments, present some results and leave open questions to discussion. We will draw attention to our handling of ancient subjects. Is the fact that they have been dead for a long time an excuse to reduce them to bits of archaeological data? Or are there alternatives? Is there a “denial of subjectness” or can objects be given the opportunity to become subjects (again)?
Acta Semiótica et Lingvistica, 2018
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