According to HSE (2014) during the period 2013-2014, 1,241,000 cases were related to workplace illness from which the 39 percent, 487,000 cases, were related to anxiety, depression and stress. The purpose of the study was to address the influence of the workplace stressors on employees’ psychological contract. The study was an attempt to shed more light on the way workplace stressors affect employees’ psychological contract. Moreover, this research draws key points from the conclusion and inform realistic and cost-effective recommendations. A quantitative research was conducted in which the focus was placed upon the parameters affecting work-related stress and employee psychological contract. From the 247 questionnaires administered, 124 were returned, a response rate of 50.20%. Test-retest reliability and construct validity of the questionnaire were determined. In addition, Cronbach Alpha equals to 0.939 has verified the overall internal consistency reliability of the questionnaire. The level of significance used was p < 0.05. The relationship between workplace stressors and parameters affecting employees’ psychological contract not only exist, but it is a two-way process. On the one hand, each time a workplace stressor is being affected by an external parameter, it influences specific parameters that affect employees’ psychological contract and vice versa. On the other hand, each time employees’ psychological contract is being affected by an outside parameter, other than a stressor, it directly affects workplace stressors and stimulates stress. These relationships due to the high correlation they have among them, suggest that the links between workplace stressors and employee psychological contract are interrelated and often interchangeable. This study contributes to knowledge both in theory and in practice. In line with the research objectives, this study identified extra parameters affecting employees’ psychological contract and/or workplace stressors. In addition, this study provides a useful analysis and recommendations which practically will help any business to decrease workplace stressors and increase employees’ psychological contract.

Local non-governmental organisations play an important role in the development processes of Zimbabwe. However, they face an uncertain future, as they depend on volatile external donor funding which leaves them financially unsustainable. This research sought to determine whether local non-governmental organisations in Zimbabwe were sustainable, and to analyse the main factors that influenced their financial sustainability. Through a mixed methods research design including literature review, secondary data analysis and a survey using a structured questionnaire, this research revealed that local non-governmental organisations in Zimbabwe were financially unsustainable. A regression analysis was employed to determine the relationships between the different factors and financial sustainability. The research focused on four factors of financial sustainability of local non-governmental organisations: sound financial management practices, income diversification, own income generation, and good donor relationship management practices. Data used for the research was from 2009 to 2013. The survey of 52 local non-governmental organisations spread throughout Zimbabwe provided primary data for the research. The research confirmed findings of others that local non-governmental organisations in Zimbabwe were not financially sustainable and depended on external donor funds. The research revealed that most local non-governmental organisations were funded entirely by external donors, had no reserve funds, were not generating own income, and depended on average on about three donors. This meant that if the external donors pulled out these organisations would cease operations. The research revealed that on average donor dependency ratios for Zimbabwean non-governmental organisations were above 93 percent, while survival ratios were very low with 22 days being the maximum. These results meant that if external donors completely pulled out their funding, local non-governmental organisations would operate for at most 22 days before closing down. The research also revealed that most local non-governmental organisations in Zimbabwe were not leveraging their assets to generate income, and most were not engaged in own income generating activities while their funding sources were not diversified enough to be regarded sustainable. The government of Zimbabwe was not funding local non-governmental organisations and local donors were scant. The regression analysis ascertained that sound financial management practices had the largest influence on financial sustainability of local non-governmental organisations in Zimbabwe, followed by income diversification, then own income generation and good donor relationship management. The research recommends that international donors should provide local non-governmental organisations with some unrestricted income to support start-up of social entrepreneurship activities and small businesses to ensure the financial sustainability of the programmes they fund. The government of Zimbabwe must view local non-governmental organisations as partners that complement its work and are therefore deserving of government funding. Non-governmental organisations need to change their mind-set, start social entrepreneurship and small business activities, and refrain from just seeing external donors as their main source of funding. Networks of non-governmental organisations must fundraise to train and enhance the capacity of their member organisations in running social enterprises and small businesses, and hire staff with expertise in running profit-making activities to complement their non-profit work. Key words Donors Donor dependent Donor relationship management Financial sustainability Income diversification Local non-governmental organisations Non-profit Own income generation Sound financial management Zimbabwe

In 2030, most of the world’s youth will be online (ITU 2016). By then, the developing world will experience sustained demographic growth (UN DESA, 2017), rising education levels (UNDP HDR, 2013) and significant displacement (OIM, 2018). Meanwhile, the very nature of work and learning in the digital society is rapidly evolving (WB WDR, 2019). In this increasingly connected and educated world, displaced youth will need opportunity pathways into digitally intensive education, training, livelihood, and global citizenship. Digital hubs, transnational online communities, and ICT4D initiatives may help provide solutions. But will displaced youth wield the required digital skills to access these opportunities, and what, if anything, can be done to support this? Young Syrians in MENA offer an opportunity to look into this issue, as they meet key characteristics of future displaced populations: young, forced migrants, largely educated, and connected. This study examines an array of initiatives providing displaced Syrian youth with digital access pathways to education, training, livelihood and community building opportunities. It presents feedback from field actors on successes and challenges they have met, and proposes recommendations to actors involved for future intervention design, capacity development and policy challenges.

Its a research paper about "Consumer perception about the adoption of 3G/4G technology in Faisalabad".