RAMAT RAḤEL III Final Publication oF Yohanan aharoni’s Excavations (1954, 1959–1962) voluME ii TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY SONIA AND MARCO NADLER INSTITUTE OF ARCHAEOLOGY MONOGRAPH SERIES NUMBER 35 Executive Editor Editorial Board Managing Editor Graphic Designer Israel Finkelstein Avi Gopher Raphael Greenberg Oded Lipschits Guy D. Stiebel Myrna Pollak Noa Evron Ramat RaḤEL III Final Publication oF Yohanan aharoni’s Excavations (1954, 1959–1962) ODED LIPSCHITS, YUVAL GADOT AND LIORA FREUD With contributions by Nitzan Amitai-Preiss, Donald T. Ariel, Gabriel Barkay, Vered Barzel, Efrat Bocher, Uri Davidovich, Yoav Farhi, Boaz Gross, Ruth E. Jackson-Tal, Natalya Katsnelson, Raz Kletter, Ido Koch, Keren Ras, Ronny Reich, Katri Saarelainen, Omer Sergi, Gideon Solimany, Oren Tal, Itamar Taxel, Yotam Tepper and David Vanderhooft VOLUME II EMERY AND CLAIRE YASS PUBLICATIONS IN ARCHAEOLOGY TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY WINONA LAKE, INDIANA EISENBRAUNS 2016 Monograph Series under the auspices of the Friends of the Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University ISBN Copyright 2016 The study of Yohanan Aharoni’s excavations of Ramat Raḥel was supported by the Shelby White and Leon Levy Program for Archaeological Publications CONTENTS VOLUME I PART I: InTROdUcTIOn Chapter 1 FOREWORD Oded Lipschits 1 Chapter 2 AhARonI AT RAmAT RAḤEL Boaz Gross 10 Chapter 3 RAW MATERIAL AND SOURCES FOR THE ANALYSIS OF AHARONI’S ExCAVATIONS Oded Lipschits, Yuval Gadot and Liora Freud 15 Chapter 4 PUBLICATION METHODOLOGY Yuval Gadot and Oded Lipschits 26 PART II: STRATIgRAPhy, ARchITEcTURE And POTTERy Chapter 5 SUB-SECTOR AES1: THE CHURCH AND THE ANNExED BUILDING 41 Yuval Gadot and Itamar Taxel Chapter 6 SUB-SECTOR AES2: SqUARES O–V/24–27 Yuval Gadot and Oren Tal 65 Chapter 7 SUB-SECTOR AES3: SqUARES K–P/18–23 Yuval Gadot, Oren Tal and Itamar Taxel 77 Chapter 8 SUB-SECTOR ACS1: COURTYARD 380 (SqUARES q–W/15–20) Yuval Gadot, Liora Freud, Oren Tal and Itamar Taxel 97 Chapter 9 SUB-SECTOR ACS2: SqUARES W–AA/15–22 Yuval Gadot, Liora Freud, Oren Tal and Itamar Taxel 130 Chapter 10 SUB-SECTOR ACS3: SqUARES q–V/20–23 Yuval Gadot, Oren Tal and Itamar Taxel 172 Chapter 11 SUB-SECTOR ACS4: SqUARES M–R/9–16 AND SqUARES F/13–14 Yuval Gadot and Oded Lipschits 203 Chapter 12 SUB-SECTOR AWS1: SqUARES S–BB/6-14 Yuval Gadot, Liora Freud, Oren Tal and Itamar Taxel 213 Chapter 13 SUB-SECTOR AWS2 Yuval Gadot and Oded Lipschits 232 Chapter 14 SECTOR APS Yuval Gadot and Oded Lipschits 237 Chapter 15 JEWISH RITUAL BATHS (Miqva<ot) Ronny Reich 245 Chapter 16 POTTERY OF THE IRON AGE: TYPOLOGY AND SUMMARY Liora Freud 254 Chapter 17 POTTERY FROM THE PERSIAN AND HELLENISTIC PERIODS Oren Tal 266 Chapter 18 THE POTTERY OF THE LATE ROMAN, BYzANTINE AND ISLAMIC PERIODS: SUMMARY AND SUPPLEMENTARY POTTERY TYPES Itamar Taxel 272 APPENDIx: PENTAGONAL CLAY TILES Itamar Taxel 281 VOLUME II PART III: STAMP IMPRESSIOnS Chapter 19 lmlk STAMP IMPRESSIONS Omer Sergi 287 Chapter 20 “PRIVATE” STAMP IMPRESSIONS Ido Koch and Oded Lipschits 342 Chapter 21 CONCENTRIC CIRCLE INCISIONS Omer Sergi and Ido Koch 356 Chapter 22 PRANCING HORSE IMPRESSION Ido Koch 368 Chapter 23 ROSETTE STAMP IMPRESSIONS Ido Koch 371 Chapter 24 LION STAMP IMPRESSIONS Oded Lipschits and Ido Koch 389 Chapter 25 FORTY UNPUBLISHED yhwd STAMP IMPRESSIONS Oded Lipschits and David Vanderhooft 409 Chapter 26 PERSIAN PERIOD STAMP IMPRESSIONS Keren Ras, Efrat Bocher and Ido Koch 437 Chapter 27 yršlm STAMP IMPRESSIONS Efrat Bocher 447 Chapter 28 “ṭet”-LIKE STAMP IMPRESSIONS Efrat Bocher 458 Chapter 29 ROMAN ARMY STAMP IMPRESSIONS AND RELATED OBJECTS Yotam Tepper, Efrat Bocher and Ido Koch 461 Chapter 30 A UNIqUE BYzANTINE EAGLE STAMP IMPRESSION Efrat Bocher and Keren Ras 473 PART IV: OThER FIndS Chapter 31 HEBREW EPIGRAPHIC INCISIONS Ido Koch and Oded Lipschits 477 Chapter 32 POTTER’S MARKS Efrat Bocher, Keren Ras and Liora Freud 482 Chapter 33 A CLAY SEAL DEPICTING A SCHEMATIC VERSION OF THE “WOMAN AT THE WINDOW” MOTIF Keren Ras 489 Chapter 34 IRON II CLAY FIGURINES Raz Kletter and Katri Saarelainen 495 Chapter 35 IRON II ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS Oded Lipschits and Keren Ras 535 Chapter 36 MARKED AND INSCRIBED POTTERY VESSELS OF THE LATE BYzANTINE AND EARLY ISLAMIC PERIODS Itamar Taxel and Nitzan Amitai-Preiss 553 APPENDIx 36.1: ARABIC INSCRIBED JAR Itamar Taxel and Nitzan Amitai-Preiss 564 Chapter 37 GLASS FINDS Ruth E. Jackson-Tal 567 Chapter 38 THE COINS Yoav Farhi 588 APPENDIx 38.1: THE COINS FROM THE ROMAN BATHHOUSE Yoav Farhi 620 Chapter 39 STONE VESSELS AND IMPLEMENTS OF THE LATE SECOND TEMPLE PERIOD Ronny Reich 624 Chapter 40 A SUNDIAL SHERD Keren Ras 632 Chapter 41 ROMAN AND BYzANTINE ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS Efrat Bocher and Ido Koch 635 Chapter 42 AGRICULTURAL INSTALLATIONS Uri Davidovich 643 Chapter 43 MISCELLANEOUS FINDS Keren Ras and Yuval Gadot 654 PART V: POST AhAROnI ExcAVATIOnS AT RAMAT RAḤEL Chapter 44 SALVAGE ExCAVATIONS 2000–2002 Gideon Solimany and Vered Barzel 679 APPENDIx 44.1: COINS Donald T. Ariel 702 APPENDIx 44.2: THREE STAMP IMPRESSIONS Gabriel Barkay 703 APPENDIx 44.3: FIGURINES Raz Kletter 705 APPENDIx 44.4: GLASS VESSELS Natalya Katsnelson 707 PART VI: cOncLUSIOnS And IndEx Chapter 45 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS Yuval Gadot and Oded Lipschits 715 LOCI LIST 725 CHAPTER 19 lmlk STAMP IMPRESSIONS Omer Sergi Ramat Raḥel is renowned for the large numbers of stamped jar handles found at the site. During his five excavation seasons between 1954 and 1962, Aharoni found 163 lmlk stamped jar handles.1 In his preliminary reports (1962: 19–21; 45–8; 1964: 33–35; 61–63), he mentioned 145 of these impressions and fully published (with drawings or photographs) only 46 (Aharoni 1962: Fig. 14: 2, Fig. 15: 1–8, Fig. 31: 4–9, Pl. 6: 2, Pl. 7: 1–6, Pl. 29: 1–12, Pl. 30: 1–4; Aharoni 1964: Pl. 38: 1–12, Pl. 39: 1–11). In order to prepare a comprehensive report of Aharoni’s excavations at Ramat Raḥel, all the data regarding the lmlk stamp impressions was tracked down and examined. A thorough study of Aharoni’s documentation, followed by an examination of the lmlk stamp impressions from Ramat Raḥel that were stored at the IAA, the Sapienza–Università di Roma, the hebrew University (Jerusalem), the Israel museum and at many other institutions, was carried out. The fragmentary documentation that exists for the lmlk stamp impressions found by Aharoni at Ramat Raḥel includes written documentation (catalog cards). and visual documentation (photographs or drawings of stamp impressions). All the data regarding each stamp impression was examined in order to establish the links between the written documentation, the visual documentation and the actual finds. But for some finds there was only visual documentation, or only a catalog card; everything else was lost. After examining all the available stamp impressions and documentation related to them, it became apparent that Aharoni had actually found an additional 17/18 lmlk stamped handles at Ramat Raḥel that for some reason were not mentioned in his preliminary reports,2 bringing the total of lmlk stamp impressions from his excavations to 163/4. of these we have been able to physically examine 156 of these at the above-mentioned institutions or in photographs taken by Aharoni. Eight additional lmlk stamp impressions (nos. 157–164) were documented in Aharoni’s catalog but were either not photographed or were lost. Thus, we have no further information regarding those eight stamp impressions (i.e., their typology). nevertheless our initial assumption is that if they were documented by Aharoni then they should be counted as unidentified lmlk stamp impressions. The lmlk stamp impressions from Aharoni’s excavations are fully published here according to their specific typology. Each lmlk stamp impression has three elements: (1) a lmlk inscription, usually inscribed in the upper register of the impression; (2) a royal emblem–4 winged scarab or 2 winged sun disc; (3) a place name (ḥbrn, swkh, zyp or mmšt), which is usually inscribed below the emblem undivided or divided into two parts. Some of the lmlk stamp impression types bear only the lmlk inscription in the top register 1 2 Fifty-nine additional lmlk stamped jar handles were found in the Renewed Excavations at Ramat Raḥel, conducted on behalf of Tel Aviv University and heidelberg Universität between 2005–2010, bringing the total number of lmlk stamp impressions from Ramat Raḥel to 223 (Sergi forthcoming). See Stamp Impression no. 164, which cannot be identified, and therefore we cannot conclude if it is indeed a lmlk stamp impression. Omer Sergi without a place name or they bear only a place name inscribed at the top of the stamp impression without a lmlk inscription. The accepted typology for classifying the lmlk stamp impressions is Lemaire’s (1981). Lemaire distinguished between two types and five subtypes: two subtypes of the 4-winged types (which he classified as I), and three of the 2-winged types (which he classified as II). According to Lemaire, two types of seals were used to stamp the 4-winged impressions: a seal bearing cursive writing (Ia), and a seal bearing lapidary writing (Ib). Three types of seals were used to stamp the 2-winged impressions: seals in which the place names appear in the lower register of the impression (IIa), seals in which the place names appear in the lower register, divided into two (IIb), and seals in which the place names rather than the traditional lmlk appear in the upper register (IIc). In each one of the five main types and subtypes there are four variants, according to the names of the places that appear on them. Lemaire (1981) labeled them by the first letter of each place name: h for ḥbrn (=Hebron), S for swkh (=Socoh), z for zyp (=ziph) and M for mmšt (=mamshit/mamshith?). Lemaire classified another type, lacking a place name, which he called XII. In a recent study, we suggested dating the lmlk stamp impressions by examining their distribution according to detailed typology (Lipschits, Sergi and Koch 2010, 2011). It is possible to isolate the 4-winged Types Ia and Ib and the 2-winged Type IIa stamp impressions as those found in the destruction level of Lachish III and contemporaneous strata. These types should be considered as the ones that date to the final quarter of the 8th century BCE (Lipschits, Sergi and Koch 2010: 11 and Fig. 1). By contrast, three types of lmlk stamp impressions (Lemaire’s IIb, IIc and xII) appear only in hill-country sites not destroyed in 701 BCE, or in strata attributed to the 7th century BCE. Not even one stamped handle of these types was found in a clear 701 BCE destruction level. Therefore, we can assume that these types were produced after the 701 campaign, at the beginning of the 7th century BCE (Lipschits, Sergi and Koch 2010: 11, 13–17). STRATIgRAPhIc IMPLIcATIOnS OF ThE lmlk STAMP IMPRESSIOnS FOUnd by AhAROnI The greatest number of lmlk stamp impressions at Ramat Raḥel was found in Building 468 of Subsector ACS2. Thirty-seven came from a clear archaeological context below the building’s floors (see Table 19.1), and thus can be used to date its earliest possible construction. Another concentration of lmlk stamped handles was found within the earth fills below the outer courtyard of the citadel (Sub-sector APS2 and see Table 19.2), and thus can be used to date its earliest possible construction as well. Two additional lmlk stamped handles were found embedded in the floor of Courtyard 380, Subsector ACS1. one is a 4-winged type, dated to the late 8th century BCE (Locus 278, no. 17), and the other is a Type IIb, which is dated to the beginning of the 7th century BCE (Locus 278, no. 46). one more lmlk stamped handle was found in the fills below the floor of Courtyard 380 (Locus 278, No. 69); it, too is a Type IIb that dates from the beginning of the 7th century BCE. Thus, the construction of the floor of Courtyard 380 post-dates these three additional lmlk stamp impressions. As demonstrated by this data, most of the stamped handles found below Building 468 and below its central and outer courtyards are of the types that have been dated by us to the beginning of the 7th century BCE (Type IIb). Eight or nine of them even represent the last stage of the use of the lmlk system (Types XII, IIc), probably towards the last third of the 7th century BCE (Lipschits, Sergi and Koch 2010: 15–18). hence, we should conclude that various parts of the royal edifice (the northern building and the courtyards) were built after the mid-7th century BCE. This conclusion is also consistent with the pottery study of Aharoni’s excavations at Ramat Raḥel (see Chapter 16). 288 Chapter 19: lmlk Stamp i mpreSSiOnS table 19.1: lmlk Stamped h andleS FOund in Clear a rChaeOlOgiCal COntext belOw building 468 FlOOrS (Sub -SeCtOr aCS2, phaSe 5/4) Locus Unidentified Early types (Late 8th Century BCE) 4-winged 2-winged, type iia Late types (First Half of 7th Century BCE) types iib total types Xii., iic 477* 4 (Nos. 141, 142, 144, 159) 1 (No. 12) 1 (No. 92) 5 (Nos. 50, 56, 80, 95, 102) 340 1(No. 157) - 1(No. 36) 6 (Nos. 41, 42, 43, 3 (112, 113, 114, 11 45 58, 78) 297 - - - 5 or 6 (Nos. 39, 47, 64, 101, 104, 105) 1 or 2 (Nos. 105, 7 111) 348 - 2 (Nos. 4, 7) - 1 (No. 83) - 3 491 - 1(No. 5) 1(No. 99) - 2 - 1(No. 121) 12 370 - - - 1 (No. 62) - 1 310 1(No. 128) - - - - 1 total 6 4 2 19 or 20 5 or 6 37 *This locus is also a favissa but since Aharoni dug it together with the floor of the room we cannot say today which of the stamped handles was inside the favissa and which came from the floor of the room. Since the favissa contained mainly complete pottery vessels we suggest that the handles were mostly in the fill below the room and not part of the favissa. table 19.2: lmlk Stamped h andleS FOund in the earth FillS Creating the Outer COurtyard OF the Citadel (Sub -SeCtOr apS2) Locus Unidentified Early types (Late 8th Century BCE) 4-winged 2-winged, type iia Late types (First Half of 7th Century BCE) types iib total types Xii, iic 552 3 (Nos. 130, 145, 153) - - 1(No. 98) 1(No. 116) 5 557 1 (No. 147) 1 (No. 13) - 2 (Nos. 97, 106) 1(No. 117) 5 556 3 (Nos. 135–137) - - - 1 (No. 125) 4 555 2 (No. 133, 163) - - 1(No. 70) - 3 551 1(No. 132) - - 1(No. 37) - 2 554 1(No. 134) - - 1(No. 79) - 2 total 11 1 - 6 3 21 The entire chronological range of the lmlk stamp impressions from the late 8th century to the mid-7th century BCE was discovered in the construction fills of the citadel (Building Phase II). The large number of lmlk stamp impressions found at the site indicates that Ramat Raḥel was an important administrative center during the period in which the lmlk stamp impressions were still in use and before the citadel compound was constructed. Thus, it is reasonable to assume that some earlier phase of the royal edifice that functioned as a Judahite administrative center already existed at Ramat Raḥel in the late 8th century or at the beginning of the 7th century BCE (and at least before the citadel was constructed in the late 7th century BCE). 289 Omer Sergi cATALOg1 4-WINGED lmlk STAMP IMPRESSIONS t ype i a 4-winged Stamp impreSSiOnS (C urSive writing) No. 1 Reg. No.: 8008/1; Locus: Unknown; Sub-sector: Unknown; Previous publication: aharoni 1964: Pl. 38: 5; Stored at: Unknown Type: Probably HIa description: Handle broken; only upper part of impression preserved Emblem: head of 4-winged scarab preserved lmlk: Three first letters inscribed in cursive style and preserved above emblem’s head Place name: Following Aharoni (1964: 62), identification as ḥbrn No. 2 Reg. No.: 5667/1; Locus: 764; Level: 816.10; Sub-sector: aWS1; Previous publication: aharoni 1964: Pl. 38: 4; Stored at: Unknown Type: HIa description: Handle broken; only upper part of impression preserved Emblem: Body of 4-winged scarab and two upper wings visible; two lower wings broken lmlk: Full inscription clearly inscribed in cursive style Place name: Shape of emblem indicates that this is HIa type and that missing place name is probably ḥbrn No. 3 Reg. No.: 3003/9; Locus: 340; Level: Unknown; Sub-sector: aCS2; Previous publication: None; Stored at: Unknown Type: HIa description: Stamp impressed on upper third of jar handle. Impressed on left ridge and on left side of handle; left side of impression missing and right side blurred Emblem: Body of emblem clearly visible and some traces of right wing (especially where connected to body) visible lmlk: Cursive style mem legible above head of scarab emblem; next to it top of long stroke of lamed and down-stroke of kaf also legible Place name: Vertical stroke of resh and down-stroke of nun legible on lower part of impression 1 The handles and stamp impressions appear without scales; for further information see Chapter 3, Relocating the Finds. 290 Chapter 19: lmlk Stamp i mpreSSiOnS No. 4 Reg. No.: 1403/1; Locus: 348; Level: 815.40; Sub-sector: aCS2; Previous publication: aharoni 1962: Fig. 31: 6, Pl. 29:2; Stored at: Unknown Type: zIa description: Stamp badly impressed and upper part of impression blurred Emblem: Left part blurred lmlk: Inscription missing Place name: Zayin legible below lower right wing. Inverted yod legible below body of emblem No. 5 Reg. No.: 4309/1; Locus: 491; Level: 815.4; Sub-sector: aCS2; Previous publication: None; Stored at: Unknown Type: zIa description: Stamp badly impressed and impression blurred. Impressed on ridge of jar handle and therefore only lower border frame clear. Left, right and upper border frames of impression missing Emblem: Blurred; only traces of wings (and mainly lower right wing) visible lmlk: Inscription missing Place name: Zayin legible at bottom of impression; inscribed in lapidary style. Shape of right lower wings and typology of impression indicate it is probably Type ZIa with inverted yod No. 6 Reg. No.: 0278/1; Locus: Unknown; Sub-sector: Unknown; Previous publication: aharoni 1962: Fig. 15: 3, Pl. 7: 2; Stored at: Unknown Type: zIa description: Impressed on upper third of handle close to connection with body of jar. Clearly impressed, though top of impression slightly blurred Emblem: Clearly visible; only tip of upper left wing missing lmlk: Inscription not visible since top of impression was badly impressed Place name: Inscribed in cursive style below 4-winged scarab; emblem is zyp with inverted yod 291 Omer Sergi No. 7 Reg. No.: 1403/2; Locus: 348; Level: 815.4; Sub-sector: aCS2; Previous publication: aharoni 1962: Fig. 31: 5, Pl. 29: 3; Stored at: National treasures Storerooms (No. 1962-36) Type: Probably MIa description: Handle broken and only upper part of impression preserved Emblem: Upper part of scarab body with head and tip of upper wings visible. handle broken and remainder missing lmlk: Inscription above top of emblem visible, though lower stroke of second lamed blurred and only down-stroke of kaf preserved. Letters inscribed in cursive style Place name: From shape of emblem and typology of impression it might have had mmšt place name inscribed below emblem t ype 1b 4-w inged Stamp impreSSiOnS (lapidary writing) No. 8 Reg. No.: 0591/2; Locus: 257; Level: 816.25; Sub-sector: aCS2; Previous publication: aharoni 1962: Fig. 15: 2, Pl. 7: 3; Stored at: National treasures Storerooms (No. 1962-28) Type: HIb description: Stamp impressed on upper third of handle close to connection with jar body. handle broken; top of impression damaged Emblem: 4-winged scarab blurred and only left wings visible lmlk: Lamed and kaf preserved above emblem; rest damaged due to broken handle Place name: ḥbrn clearly visible below emblem, inscribed in lapidary style; ḥet and nun legible. Down-stroke of bet and traces of tail of resh visible below it No. 9 Reg. No.: 4489/1; Locus: 497; Level: 815.5; Sector: aES; Previous publication: None; Stored at: Unknown Type: HIb description: Stamp impressed on middle of handle; upper and lower parts blurred Emblem: 4-winged scarab emblem clear though right wings not clearly impressed lmlk: Inscription above emblem badly impressed and a few strokes of unidentified letters preserved above emblem Place name: Stroke visible below lower right wing, probably left stroke of ḥet. Bet legible next to it. Vertical and upper horizontal strokes of resh visible. These letters were inscribed in lapidary style. Nun missing 292 Chapter 19: lmlk Stamp i mpreSSiOnS No. 10 Reg. No.: 8105/2; Locus: Unknown; Sub-sector: Unknown; Previous publication: aharoni 1964: Pl. 38: 1; Stored at: Unknown Type: HIb description: Stamp clearly impressed. Right border-frame impressed on edge of handle, thus top of upper right wing missing Emblem: Clearly visible lmlk: Inscribed in lapidary style, clearly visible above emblem Place name: Resh legible below tail of emblem and lower tail of nun visible next to it. Bet blurred and ḥet missing, probably because it was impressed on top of handle No. 11 Reg. No.: 4194/4; Locus: 481; Level: Unknown; Sector: aES; Previous publication: aharoni 1964: Pl. 38: 2; Stored at: Unknown Type: HIb description: Stamp badly impressed and handle broken so upper part of impression missing Emblem: Somewhat blurred but nonetheless visible. Upper left wing blurred since it was impressed on handle ridge lmlk: Mem and lamed inscribed in lapidary style are legible above emblem Place name: Located below emblem, blurred and only nun visible, implying ḥbrn as place name No. 12 Reg. No.: 4322/2; Locus: 477; Level: 815.5; Sub-sector: aCS2; Previous publication: None; Stored at: Unknown Type: HIb description: Stamp impressed on right side of handle. Handle broken and top of impression missing Emblem: Edges of right wings slightly blurred lmlk: No epigraphic elements of top, lmlk inscription preserved Place name: Bottom of impression also blurred and unclear; only bet legible, with traces of vertical line, probably of ḥet. No epigraphic elements preserved. Shape of letters indicates they were probably inscribed in lapidary style 293 Omer Sergi No. 13 Reg. No.: 8077/1; Locus: 557; Level: Unknown; Sub-sector: aPS2; Previous publication: ahroni 1964: Pl. 38: 3; Stored at: Unknown Type: HIb description: Clearly impressed Emblem: Clearly visible lmlk: Inscription clearly visible above emblem Place name: ḥbrn legible below the emblem. Nun slightly blurred but still legible No. 14 Reg. No.: 1221/00; Locus: Unknown; Sub-sector: Unknown; Previous publication: None; Stored at: Unknown Type: HIb description: Stamp impressed on upper third of jar handle. Since handle broken, only lower part of impression preserved. Left border-frame of impression slightly blurred since it was impressed on edge of handle Emblem: Lower part of emblem preserved; handle broken and upper part missing lmlk: Handle broken and upper part of inscription missing Place name: ḥbrn clearly inscribed in lapidary style below emblem. Lower horizontal tail of nun broken and left vertical line of ḥet missing No. 15 Reg. No.: 2120/1; Locus: 393; Level: 814.5; Sub-sector: aCS2; Previous publication: aharoni 1962: Fig. 31: 4, Pl. 29: 5; Stored at: israel Museum (iaa No. 1964-1765) Type: HIb description: Stamp impressed on upper third of handle Emblem: Stamp badly impressed and right side of emblem blurred lmlk: Long stroke of first lamed visible above blurred upper left wing. Seems to be lapidary inscription Place name: Bet legible below lower right wing 294 Chapter 19: lmlk Stamp i mpreSSiOnS No. 16 Reg. No.: 0944/1; Locus: 299; Level: 815.57; Sub-sector: aCS2; Previous publication: aharoni 1962: Fig. 15: 1, Pl. 7: 1, 29: 1; Stored at: israel Museum (iaa No.1962-41) Type: HIb description: Stamp clearly impressed on upper third of handle. Lower part of handle broken and lower part of stamp impression slightly damaged Emblem: Clearly visible lmlk: Inscribed in lapidary style above emblem; clearly visible Place name: Bet and resh legible below emblem No. 17 Reg. No.: 0654/3; Locus: 278; Level: 816.85; Sub-sector: aCS1; Previous publication: aharoni 1962: Fig. 15: 4; Stored at: Unknown Type: Probably SIb description: Stamp impressed on side of handle; right part of stamp impression missing Emblem: Most of body and head of emblem visible, but right wings missing and left wings blurred lmlk: Inscribed in lapidary style; legible above emblem Place name: Pn missing but from shape of emblem was probably swkh No. 18 Reg. No.: 2400/1; Locus: 394; Level: Unknown; Sector: aCS; Previous publication: aharoni 1962: Fig. 31: 7, Pl. 29: 4; Stored at: Unknown Type: SIb description: Right part of impression slightly blurred, since stamp was impressed on left side of handle Emblem: Right wings missing lmlk: Inscribed in lapidary style clearly visible above emblem Place name: swkh inscribed below emblem, but right stroke of śin and down-stroke of kaf missing 295 Omer Sergi No. 19 Reg. No.: 1254/1; Locus: 340; Level: 816.5; Sub-sector: aCS2; Previous publication: None; Stored at: Unknown Type: Probably MIb description: Badly impressed and handle broken Emblem: Emblem blurred and from elliptic shape of impression and orientation probably a 4-winged scarab emblem Place name: taw only letter legible below remains of blurred emblem. Stroke visible on right, probably left stroke of ŝin. These two letters inscribed in a lapidary style. no other epigraphic element can be identified on this stamp impression u nidentiFied 4-w inged lmlk Stamp i mpreSSiOn No. 20 Reg. No.: 2431/1; Locus: 394; Level: Unknown; Sector: aCS; Previous publication: None; Stored at: Unknown Type: ?I? description: Stamp impressed on upper third of handle. Impression blurred. Concentric circle incised above impression close to connection of handle to body of jar (see Chapter 21, no. 4) Emblem: Impression probably bears 4-winged scarab emblem. Since impression broken and blurred it cannot be identified with any certainty lmlk/Place name: No legible epigraphic elements on stamp impression, therefore exact type cannot be determined IIIB. 2-WINGED lmlk STAMP IMPRESSIONS t ype ii a t wO -w inged Stamp i mpreSSiOnS (u ndivided plaCe name in bOttOm r egiSter) No. 21 Reg. No.: 0866/2; Locus: Surface find; Sub-sector: Unknown; Previous publication: aharoni 1962: Pl. 7: 6; Stored at: National treasures Storerooms (No. 1962-32) Type: MIIa description: Stamp impressed close to handle connection with body of jar. Impressed twice on same spot and therefore slightly blurred. Lower part of lmlk inscription of first impression still visible on lower edge of handle Emblem: Wings of emblem slightly blurred lmlk: Down-stroke of mem legible above right wing, and long stroke of lamed followed by tail of kaf visible above left wing Place name: Mem legible below connection of right wing to sun disc, šin clearly inscribed below emblem’s tail and taw legible below connection of left wing to sun disc. Accordingly, stamp impression bears undivided mmšt place name 296 Chapter 19: lmlk Stamp i mpreSSiOnS No. 22 Reg. No.: 0394/1; Locus: 264; Level: 815.30; Sub-sector: aCS2; Previous publication: aharoni 1962: Fig. 15: 7, Pl. 29: 10; Stored at: National treasures Storerooms (No. 1962-34) Type: MIIa description: Stamp impressed close to connection of handle with body of jar. Right half of handle preserved; left part broken Emblem: handle broken; left wing of emblem not preserved lmlk: Lamed followed by mem legible above right wing. Long stroke of second lamed visible above connection of left wing to sun disc Place name: Stamp impression bears clearly inscribed undivided mmšt place name; only taw missing due to broken handle No. 23 Reg. No.: 3536/1; Locus: 434; Level: 817.25; Sub-sector: aES3; Previous publication: None; Stored at: Unknown Type: MIIa description: Only impression preserved; remainder of handle broken. Upper right border frame of impression slightly damaged Emblem: Only head of emblem slightly blurred lmlk: Long stroke of lamed followed by down-stroke of mem are visible above right wing. Clearly inscribed lamed and kaf legible above left wing Place name: Stamp impression bears clearly inscribed, undivided mmšt place name No. 24 Reg. No.: 3417/1; Locus: Unknown; Sub-sector: Unknown; Previous publication: aharoni 1964: Pl. 39: 6; Stored at: israel Museum (iaa No. 1964-1754) Type: MIIa description: Stamp was clearly impressed on upper part of handle, close to connection with body Emblem: Tip of left wing slightly blurred lmlk: Lamed and mem legible above right wing and lamed and kaf legible above left wing Place name: Stamp impression clearly bears undivided mmšt place name 297 Omer Sergi No. 25 Reg. No.: Unknown; Locus: Unknown; Level: Unknown; Sub-sector: Unknown; Previous publication: None; Stored at: Unknown Type: MIIa description: Stamp impressed close to connection of handle with body of jar. Lower part of stamp impression missing; it was impressed on handle’s ridge Emblem: Head of emblem slightly damaged lmlk: Lamed followed by mem legible above right wing. Lamed followed by kaf legible above left wing Place name: Upper part of two mems legible below right wing. One vertical stroke, probably remains of šin, legible below tail of sun disc. Accordingly, undivided mmšt place name No. 26 Reg. No.: 5471/2; Locus: 749; Level: 815.60; Sub-sector: aWS1; Previous publication: aharoni 1964: Pl. 39: 7; Stored at: the Sapienza– Università di Roma Type: MIIa description: Stamp impressed on upper third of handle. Handle broken and left part of impression not preserved Emblem: Impression broken and left wing not preserved lmlk: Long stroke of lamed followed by down-stroke of mem clearly visible above right wing Place name: Two mems legible below right wing followed by šin below emblem’s tail, thus indicating that impression bears an undivided mmšt place name No. 27 Reg. No.: 3454/1; Locus: 447; Level: 817.6; Sub-sector: aCS1; Previous publication: None; Stored at: Unknown Type: MIIa (might also be MIIb) description: Stamp badly impressed close to connection of handle with body of jar. handle broken and only upper right part of impression preserved Emblem: Tip of emblem’s right wing visible, remainder broken lmlk: Lamed followed by mem legible above remains of right wing Place name: Upper short strokes of mem clearly visible below right wing. To the right two short strokes, probably remains of another mem. Difficult to determine whether place name inscribed in divided or undivided manner. From emblem stamp impression probably bears undivided mmšt place name 298 Chapter 19: lmlk Stamp i mpreSSiOnS No. 28 Reg. No.: 4138/1; Locus: 484; Level: 815.3; Sub-sector: aES2; Previous publication: None; Stored at: Unknown Type: MIIa? (might also be MIIb) description: Stamp impressed on middle of handle. Impression badly preserved and almost completely illegible. Right and upperright border frames visible Emblem: Both of emblem’s wings blurred lmlk: No epigraphic element of lmlk top inscription visible since impression blurred Place name: no epigraphic element identifiable on impression except for short stroke below connection of left wing with sun disc. From emblem’s shape, stamp impression might bear mmšt place name, but impossible to determine whether divided or undivided place name. If identification correct then short stroke below left wing might be remains of taw, and location implies undivided place name No. 29 Reg. No.: 5365/1; Locus: 750; Level: 816.3; Sub-sector: Unknown; Previous publication: None; Stored at: National treasures Storerooms (No. 1964-1746) Type: Probably SIIa description: Stamp impressed on middle of ridged handle. Impressed on handle’s side, and therefore lower part of impression blurred. Upper left part of impression also blurred; possibly potter’s fingerprint Emblem: Left wing blurred and broken lmlk: Lamed followed by mem legible above right wing. Tail of second lamed visible above left wing Place name: Upper part of śin visible below connection of right wing to sun disc. From location of ś impression probably bears an undivided swkh place name No. 30 Reg. No.: 3003/2; Locus: 340; Level: Unknown; Sub-sector: aCS2; Previous publication: aharoni 1964: Pl. 39: 3; Stored at: Unknown Type: SIIa description: Impressed close to connection of handle with body of jar. Right part of impression broken and left part blurred Emblem: Tip of left wing blurred lmlk: Lamed followed by mem legible above right wing. Another lamed legible above connection of left wing to sun disc and down-stroke of kaf visible to left Place name: Left part of ś preserved below right wing, followed by clear waw, kaf and he 299 Omer Sergi No. 31 Reg. No.: 0662/1, Locus: Unknown, Level: Unknown, Sub-sector: Unknown Previous publication: None, Stored at: National treasures Storerooms (No. 1964-1763) Type: HIIa description: Impressed close to connection of handle to body of jar. Stamp impressed between handle’s ridges and therefore upper part, lower part and right border frame blurred. Left border frame clear Emblem: Upper half of emblem clearly visible; lower half impressed on ridges and therefore blurred lmlk: Down-stroke of mem visible above mid-right wing. Tail of lamed and kaf visible above left wing Place name: Upper part of the ḥet, bet, resh and nun legible below tail of emblem. Lower halves of letters missing; impressed on handle’s ridge No. 32 Reg. No.: 9122, Locus: Unknown, Level: Unknown, Sub-sector: Unknown, Previous publication: None, Stored at: National treasures Storerooms (No. 1964-2291). Photographs reproduced by courtesy ofiaa Type: Probably HIIa description: Stamp impressed twice on lower part of upper third of handle; impression slightly blurred Emblem:clear 2-winged sun disc emblem lmlk: Lamed followed by mem legible above right wing Place name:Upper part of resh and and upper part of nun visible below tail of sun disc No. 33 Reg. No.: 0872/11; Locus: 260; Level: 815.8; Sub-sector: aCS2; Previous publication: Aharoni 1962: Pl. 29: 6; Stored at: Ramat Raḥel Hotel (IAA No. 1962-42) Type: HIIa description: Stamp badly impressed on upper third of ridged jar handle. Right part of impression blurred Emblem: Right wing of emblem not preserved Place name: Upper parts of ḥet, bet, resh and nun legible below emblem. Lower parts of letters missing since stamp was impressed on handle ridge 300 Chapter 19: lmlk Stamp i mpreSSiOnS No. 34 Reg. No.: 4063/2; Locus: 477?; Level: 815.8; Sub-sector: aCS2; Previous publication: aharoni 1964: Pl. 38: 6; Stored at: israel Museum (iaa No. 1964-1762) Type: HIIa description: Stamp was impressed close to middle of ridged jar handle. Upper part of impression slightly blurred since it was impressed on handle ridge. Right side of impression not preserved since handle broken Emblem: Tip of right wing not preserved lmlk: Mem legible above mid-right wing; lamed followed by kaf legible above left wing Place name: ḥbrn inscribed legibly and undivided below emblem No. 35 Reg. No.: 5069/1; Locus: Surface find.; Level: Unknown; Sub-sector: Unknown; Previous publication: None; Stored at: Unknown Type: Probably HIIa description: Stamp badly impressed on handle. Left border frame of impression clear; right part of impression totally blurred Emblem: Traces of connection of wing to sun disc emblem visible on right side. Emblem head missing. Tail and left wing clearly visible lmlk: Down-stroke of kaf visible above left wing Place name: Vertical stroke visible below blurred right wing; might be remains of ḥet. From emblem’s shape and location of visible letters, impression probably bears undivided ḥbrn place name No. 36 Reg. No.: 1321/6; Locus: 340; Level: 815.6; Sub-sector: aCS2; Previous publication: None; Stored at: Unknown Type: ?IIa description: Stamp impressed on ridge of ridged handle. Left part of impression missing Emblem: Left wing missing lmlk/Place name: Impression badly impressed; no epigraphic elements preserved. Shape of emblem indicates there was probably undivided place name below it 301 Omer Sergi t ype ii b 2-w inged Stamp i mpreSSiOnS (divided plaCe name in lOwer r egiSter) No. 37 Reg. No.: 8004/1; Locus: 551; Level: Unknown; Sub-sector: aPS2; Previous publication: None; Stored at: National treasures Storerooms (No. 1964-1749) Type: HIIb description: Stamp was badly impressed on upper third of handle Emblem: Tip of emblem’s left wing damaged Lmlk: Long stroke of lamed followed by down-stroke of mem visible above right wing. Long stroke of second lamed visible above left wing Place name: Down-stroke clearly visible below connection of left wing to sun disc, probably remains of resh. Accordingly, and from emblem’s shape, impression bears divided ḥbrn place name No. 38 Reg. No.: 3689/1; Locus: 455; Level: 815.9; Sub-sector: aES2; Previous publication: None; Stored at: National treasures Storerooms (No. 19641748). Photographs reproduced by courtesy of iaa Type: Probably HIIb description: Stamp impressed on upper third of handle. Handle broken and impression blurred Emblem: Two-winged sun disc emblem slightly blurred lmlk: Lamed followed by mem legible above right wing. Second lamed legible above left wing Place name: Blurred and might be divided ḥbrn place name No. 39 Reg. No.: 1834/2; Locus: 297; Level: 816.5; Sub-sector: aCS2; Previous publication: None; Stored at: National treasures Storerooms (No. 1964-1761) Type: HIIb description: Stamp impressed on upper third of handle. Since stamp was impressed on handle’s ridges, upper and lower parts slightly blurred and left border frame blurred Emblem: half of left wing visible lmlk: Upper part of lmlk inscription damaged since it was impressed on ridge. Lower tails of two lameds are clearly visible above right and above left wings. Mem legible above right wing and down-stroke of kaf visible above left wing Place name: Bet preserved below right wing. It seems that potter’s fingerprint wiped out ḥet. Accordingly impression bears divided ḥbrn place name 302 Chapter 19: lmlk Stamp i mpreSSiOnS No. 40 Reg. No.: 8005/1; Locus: Unknown; Level: Unknown; Sub-sector: Unknown; Previous publication: aharoni 1964: Pl. 38: 7; Stored at: National treasures Storerooms (No. 1964-1764) Type: Probably HIIb description: Stamp badly impressed on upper third of handle. Impression almost completely blurred Emblem: Emblem blurred and only tip of right wing clearly impressed lmlk: Two long vertical strokes visible above right edge of right wing and above connection of left wing to sun disc. They are only remains of two lameds from lmlk inscription Place name: Two parallel horizontal lines below left wing, with vertical line next to them; might represent ḥet and bet of ḥbrn place name. Emblem’s shape implies place name was divided No. 41 Reg. No.: 1321/3; Locus: 340; Level: 815. 6; Sub-sector: aCS2; Previous publication: None; Stored at: Unknown Type: HIIb description: Handle broken; right edge of impression slightly damaged and whole left part of impression blurred Emblem: Right part of emblem visible lmlk: Lamed and mem clearly visible above right wing Place name: Two parallel lines, probably remains of ḥet, visible below right wing. Down-stroke of bet visible next to it. Accordingly impression bears divided ḥbrn place name No. 42 Reg. No.: 1341/1, Locus: 340, Level: 815.8, Sub-sector: aCS2; Previous publication: None; Stored at: La Sapienza University, Rome Type: HIIb description: Stamp badly impressed between ridges of handle, close to connection with body of jar, blurring left and lower border frames. Handle broken; right part of impression not preserved Emblem: Left wing of emblem visible only close to connection with sun disc lmlk: Tail of lamed and tail of mem visible above right wing. Lamed and kaf legible above left wing Place name: Vertical stroke and triangle of bet visible below right wing, indicating divided ḥbrn place name 303 Omer Sergi No. 43 Reg. No.: 1321/2; Locus: 340; Level: 815.6; Sub-sector: aCS2; Previous publication: aharoni 1962: Fig. 31: 8; Pl. 29: 7; Stored at: Unknown Type: HIIb description: Stamp impressed on upper third of handle. Impressed on handle’s ridges, making lower left border frame slightly blurred Emblem: Left wing and its tail slightly blurred lmlk: Inscription legible above emblem. Lamed and mem legible above right wing and second lamed followed by kaf legible above left wing Place name: ḥet and bet legible below right wing and resh legible below left wing No. 44 Reg. No.: 0872/9; Locus: 260; Level: Unknown; Sub-sector: aCS2; Previous publication: aharoni 1962: Fig. 15: 6; Pl. 7: 5; Stored at: Ramat Raḥel Hotel (IAA No. 1962-43) Type: HIIb description: Stamp impressed close to connection of handle with body of jar. Since it was impressed on handle ridges, upper and lower border frames absent Emblem: Impression bears a 2-winged sun disc lmlk: Lamed and mem legible above right wing. Tail of lamed and down-stroke of kaf visible above left wing Place name: Bet legible below right wing. To right, short horizontal stroke, probably remainder of ḥet. Down-stroke of resh and its upper angled line visible below left wing No. 45 Reg. No.: 1321/1; Locus: 340; Level: 815.6; Sub-sector: aCS2; Stored at: Unknown Type: HIIb description: Above left clearly impressed but handle broken and right side of impression missing Emblem: Clearly impressed 2-winged sun disc emblem lmlk: Long strokes of two lameds are visible (above right wing and above left wing) Place name: Bet visible below right wing, indicating impression bears divided ḥbrn place name 304 Chapter 19: lmlk Stamp i mpreSSiOnS No. 46 Reg. No.: 0654/1; Locus: 278; Level: 816.85; Sub-sector: aCS1; Previous publication: None; Stored at: Unknown Type: HIIb description: Stamp badly impressed close to handle connection to jar body. Right side of impression clear while upper, left and lower border frames completely blurred Emblem: 2-winged sun disc emblem badly damaged. Left wing and head blurred. Right wing broken lmlk: Inscription above emblem not preserved except for lower stroke of mem; upper part of impression blurred Place name: Down-stroke and triangular head of bet visible below broken right wing. To right, remains of vertical stroke with two short horizontal lines, probably remains of ḥet. Position of letters indicates divided ḥbrn place name No. 47 Reg. No.: 1683/3; Locus: 297; Level: 816.4; Sub-sector: aCS2; Previous publication: aharoni 1962: Pl. 29: 8; Stored at: Unknown Type: Probably HIIb description: Stamp impressed close to connection of handle to body of jar. Since impression is on handle ridge, lower right and right border frames are completely blurred Emblem: Emblem clearly visible; only tail blurred along with remaining lower part of impression lmlk: Long stroke of lamed visible above right wing and long stroke of second lamed visible above left wing Place name: Small stroke visible below left wing; might be right vertical stroke of nun. If so, probably divided ḥbrn place name. May also be left stroke of taw, making it divided mmšt place name. In either case type of emblem implies place name is divided No. 48 Reg. No.: 5366/1; Locus: 750; Level: Unknown; Sub-sector: Unknown; Stored at: Unknown Type: Probably HIIb description: Stamp impressed on handle ridge with lower left border frame blurred Emblem: Two-winged sun disc emblem clearly impressed, though tip of left wing slightly blurred lmlk: Tip of long stroke of lamed visible above right wing. To left, small vertical stroke, probably upper stroke of mem Place name: Lower horizontal stroke of bet visible below right wing indicating divided ḥbrn place name 305 Omer Sergi No. 49 Reg. No.: 8062/1; Locus: Unknown; Level: Unknown; Sub-sector: Unknown; Previous publication: aharoni 1964: Pl. 38: 8; Stored at: Unknown Type: HIIb description: Stamp badly impressed thus frame and shape blurred Emblem: head and wings (close to sun disc). of emblem visible. Tail and tip of both wings blurred lmlk: Lower tail of mem visible above right wing. Lamed and kaf clearly visible above left wing Place name: Resh legible below left wing, indicating divided ḥbrn place name No. 50 Reg. No.: 4212/2; Locus: probably 477; Level: 816.2; Sub-sector: aCS2; Previous publication: aharoni 1964: Pl. 38: 9; Stored at: Unknown Type: HIIb description: Stamp impressed close to connection of handle with body of jar. Badly impressed and only left border frame clearly visible Emblem: Tip of left wing visible, sufficient to state that impression bears 2-winged sun disc emblem lmlk: Down-stroke of kaf clearly visible above remains of left wing. To right, blurred remains of a short stroke which is probably tail of mem Place name: Resh legible below remains of left wing, though its vertical line slightly blurred. To right triangular head of bet visible. Accordingly, impression bears a divided ḥbrn place name No. 51 Reg. No.: 0730/1; Locus: 277; Level: 817.4; Sub-sector: aCS1; Previous publication: None; Stored at: Unknown Type: Probably HIIb description: Stamp clearly impressed on handle; only upper part of impression slightly blurred. Handle broken; left part of impression missing lmlk: Long stroke of lamed visible above right wing; next to it a short vertical stroke, probably of mem Place name: One vertical line connected to short horizontal line visible, indicating remains of ḥet. Accordingly, probably divided ḥbrn place name 306 Chapter 19: lmlk Stamp i mpreSSiOnS No. 52 Reg. No.: 3003/11; Locus: 340; Level: Unknown; Sub-sector: aCS2; Previous publication: None; Stored at: Unknown Type: HIIb description: Stamp poorly impressed close to connection of handle with body of jar. Almost completely blurred Emblem: Wings clearly visible; head and tip of wings completely blurred lmlk: Mem visible above emblem’s right wing and down-stroke of kaf visible above blurred left wing Place name: Two short strokes visible below left wing, probably remains of upper part of nun. In keeping with emblem’s shape, impression probably bears divided ḥbrn place name No. 53 Reg. No.: 0367/1; Locus: 272; Level: 815.5; Sub-sector: aCS2; Previous publication: aharoni 1962: Fig. 14: 2; Pl. 6: 2; Stored at: israel Museum (iaa No. 1962-39) Type: HIIb Description: Stamp was impressed on upper third of handle, close to connection with body of jar. Irregularly oriented upward. Left side of impression blurred. handle also bears private stamp impression inscribed lnr</šbn< (see Chapter 20, No. 3) Emblem: Left wing of emblem blurred lmlk: Impression blurred; no remains of lmlk inscription can be identified above emblem Place name: ḥet and bet next to it legible below right wing. Accordingly it is a divided ḥbrn place name 307 Omer Sergi No. 54 Reg. No.: 6616; Locus: Unknown; Level: Unknown; Sub-sector: Unknown; Previous publication: None; Stored at: National treasures Storerooms (No. 1964-2363). Photographs reproduced by courtesy of iaa Type: Probably HIIb description: Stamp badly impressed on upper third of handle and mostly blurred. Central part of impression visible; right and left border frames blurred Emblem: Sun disc, head, tail and beginning of wings visible, but most parts of wings completely blurred lmlk: No lmlk inscription can be identified above emblem, since it is damaged and blurred Place name: Resh legible below connection of left wing to sun disc; accordingly, stamp impression bears divided ḥbrn place name No. 55 Reg. No.: 1448/1; Locus: 322; Level: Unknown; Sub-sector: aCS1; Previous publication: aharoni 1962: Pl. 29: 11; Stored at: Unknown Type: MIIb description: Stamp impressed close to handle’s connection to body of jar. Impressed on ridge itself, resulting in blurred upper right side of impression Emblem: Clearly preserved lmlk: Down-stroke of mem visible above right wing. Tail of lamed and kaf visible above left wing Place name: Impression clearly bears divided mmšt place name 308 Chapter 19: lmlk Stamp i mpreSSiOnS No. 56 Reg. No.: 4285/1; Locus: Probably 477; Level: Unknown; Sector: aCS2; Previous publication: aharoni 1964: Pl. 39: 10; Stored at: National treasures Storerooms (No. 1964-1751) Type: MIIb description: Stamp badly impressed on upper third of handle. Since impressed on handle’s ridge, 2-winged sun disc emblem clear, while margins of impression blurred or missing. Concentric circle incised next to impression, near right wing of emblem (see Chapter 21, no. 5) Emblem: Wings not clearly visible lmlk: Tail of lamed visible above right wing. Another tail of a lamed visible above left wing. Lower tail of kaf visible above middle of left wing Place name: Upper part of mem, followed by another mem legible below right wing (down-strokes of two mems missing). Úin legible below left wing close to emblem tail. The location of these letters clearly indicate that impression bears divided mmšt place name No. 57 Reg. No.: 7444; Locus: Unknown; Sub-sector: Unknown; Previous publication: None; Stored at: National treasures Storerooms (No. 1954351). Photographs reproduced by courtesy of iaa. Photo: Meidad Suchowolski Type: MIIb description: Stamp badly impressed on upper third of handle Emblem: Left wing missing lmlk: Lamed and mem legible above right wing; lamed and kaf clearly visible above left wing Place name: Mem followed by another mem legible below right edge of right wing. no other epigraphic elements can be identified. From location of mems, impression bears divided mmšt place name 309 Omer Sergi No. 58 Reg. No.: 1341/2; Locus: 340; Level: Unknown; Sub-sector: aCS2; Previous publication: None; Stored at: Unknown Type: MIIb description: Stamp impressed close to connection of handle with body of jar. handle is broken; upper right side of impression damaged Emblem: Emblem head and right wing not preserved lmlk: Kaf legible above edge of left wing. Impression broken and rest of inscription missing Place name: Impression clearly bears divided mmšt place name No. 59 Reg. No.: 2162/2; Locus: 337; Level: 816.40; Sub-sector: aCS3; Previous publication: aharoni 1962: Fig. 31:9; Pl. 29: 12; Stored at: israel Museum (iaa No. 62-38) Type: MIIb description: Stamp impressed very close to connection of handle with body of jar. Left edge of impression not preserved since handle broken Emblem: Clearly visible lmlk: Inscription legible above emblem Place name: Stamp impression clearly bears divided mmšt place name, only left stroke of šin missing No. 60 Reg. No.: 2242/2; Locus: 381; Level: 816.1; Sub-sector: aCS3; Previous publication: None; Stored at: Unknown Type: MIIb description: Stamp impressed on upper third of handle. Handle broken; left side of impression (especially lower left side). damaged Emblem: Clearly visible lmlk: Inscription legible above emblem Place name: Mem followed by another mem legible below right wing. Accordingly impression bears divided mmšt place name 310 Chapter 19: lmlk Stamp i mpreSSiOnS No. 61 Reg. No.: 1284/1; Locus: 342; Level: 816.1; Sub-sector: aCS2; Previous publication: aharoni 1962: PL. 30: 1; Stored at: National treasures Storerooms (No. 1962-35) Type: MIIb description: Stamp impressed on handle ridge, therefore blurred. Handle broken. Border frames of impression blurred. Half of incised concentric circles visible above left wing of emblem. Concentric incision broken (see Chapter 21, No. 9) Emblem: head and tail blurred. Left wing damaged lmlk: Inscription not visible since upper part of impression damaged and blurred Place name: Mem followed by another mem legible below right wing. Accordingly impression bears divided mmšt place name No. 62 Reg. No.: 1406/1; Locus: 360; Level: 816; Sub-sector: aCS3; Previous publication: None; Stored at: Unknown Type: MIIb description: Stamp impressed on upper third of ridged handle. Lower right part and upper part of impression blurred Emblem: Tip of right wing missing lmlk: Tail of lamed visible above right wing followed by downstroke of mem. Another tail of lamed visible above connection of left wing with sun disc, followed by down-stroke of kaf Place name: Mem legible below right wing and šin followed by taw visible below left wing No. 63 Reg. No.: 1803/4; Locus: 390; Level: 816.40; Sector: aCS; Previous publication: None; Stored at: Unknown Type: MIIb description: Stamp impressed close to connection of handle with body of jar. Lower left part of border frame missing; upper left part blurred Emblem: Left wing missing and only connection to sun disc visible lmlk: Lamed followed by mem legible above right wing Place name: Mem followed by another mem legible below right wing. Accordingly, impression bears a divided mmšt place name 311 Omer Sergi No. 64 Reg. No.: 1834/3; Locus: 297; Level: 815.9; Sub-sector: aCS2; Previous publication: None; Stored at: Unknown Type: MIIb description: Stamp impressed on upper third of handle. Handle broken and left part of impression missing Emblem: Tip of right wing blurred. Left wing missing lmlk: Down-stroke of mem visible above right wing Place name: Three short strokes of mem visible below right wing and šin legible below left wing No. 65 Reg. No.: 1661/1; Locus: 365; Level: 817.0; Sub-sector: aCS1; Previous publication: None; Stored at: Unknown Type: MIIb description: Stamp impressed close to connection of handle with body of jar. handle broken and lower left part of impression damaged Emblem: Tail and tip of left wing blurred lmlk: Long stroke of lamed clearly visible above mid-right wing. Down-stroke of mem connected to horizontal line with vertical small stroke visible next to it. Lamed and down-stroke of kaf visible above left wing Place name: Mem followed by another mem legible below right wing. Accordingly, impression bears divided mmšt place name No. 66 Reg. No.: 3003/10; Locus: 340; Level: Unknown; Sub-sector: aCS2; Previous publication: None; Stored at: Unknown Type: Probably MIIb description: Stamp badly impressed close to connection of handle with body of jar. Stamp probably impressed twice on handle. Left border frame of impression missing; it was impressed on edge of handle Emblem: Emblem blurred and left wing absent; nevertheless no doubt impression bears a 2- winged sun disc emblem lmlk: no epigraphic elements can be identified above the emblem Place name: Mem legible below tip of right wing. Down-stroke of second mem visible next to it. From location of letters it seems that this impression bears divided mmšt place name 312 Chapter 19: lmlk Stamp i mpreSSiOnS No. 67 Reg. No.: 8119/1; Locus: Unknown; Sub-sector: Unknown; Previous publication: aharoni 1964: Pl. 39: 8; Stored at: Unknown Type: MIIb description: Stamp probably impressed twice on handle; impression blurred Emblem: head and left wing damaged as result of double stamping lmlk: No epigraphic elements of lmlk inscription visible above emblem Place name: Upper three strokes of mem visible below right wing with second mem to its left. Úin and taw legible below left wing No. 68 Reg. No.: 6566/1; Locus: Unknown; Sub-sector: Unknown; Previous publication: aharoni 1964: Pl. 39: 9; Stored at: Unknown Type: MIIb description: Stamp badly impressed on handle; upper, lower and left border frames of impression blurred Emblem: Left wing slightly blurred lmlk: Short stroke of lamed and mem to its left clearly visible above right wing. Second lamed and kaf legible above left wing, though upper part of kaf slightly damaged Place name: Upper three strokes of first two mems visible below right wing. Indicates impression bears divided mmšt place name No. 69 Reg. No.: 0712/2; Locus: 278; Level: 816.55; Sub-sector: aCS1; Previous publication: None; Stored at: Unknown Type: Probably MIIb description: Stamp impressed close to connection of handle to body of jar. only right side of impression preserved since handle broken Emblem: Impression bears 2-wing sun disc emblem, but only right side preserved lmlk: Lamed and mem legible above right wing Place name: No epigraphic elements of place name preserved. From emblem’s shape and position of lamed and mem above right wing, probably divided place name. Typology implies name might have been mmšt 313 Omer Sergi No. 70 Reg. No.: 8018/1; Locus: 555; Level: 812; Sub-sector: aPS2; Previous publication: None; Stored at: Unknown Type: MIIb description: Lower left part of impression damaged since handle broken. Upper right side of impression blurred Emblem: Tips of both wings missing. Right wing blurred and left broken lmlk: Down-stroke of mem visible above right wing. Lamed and kaf clearly visible above left wing Place name: Šin legible below left wing, to left of emblem’s tail. From location, impression bears divided mmšt place name No. 71 Reg. No.: 4436/2; Locus: 397; Level: 816.30; Sector: aCS3; Previous publication: None; Stored at: Unknown Type: Probably MIIb description: Stamp badly impressed close to connection of handle with body of jar. Seems stamp impressed twice on same spot of handle; impression blurred Emblem: Emblem almost completely blurred. Tail and frame of wings only visible elements lmlk: Long stroke of lamed and three short upper strokes of mem clearly visible above right wing. Vertical stroke of second lamed visible above left wing Place name: Remains of šin visible below connection of left wing to sun disc. Accordingly divided mmšt place name No. 72 Reg. No.: 6513/1; Locus: 830; Level: 815.6; Sector: aWS1; Previous publication: None; Stored at: National treasures Storerooms (No. 19642685. Photographs reproduced by courtesy of iaa Type: MIIb description: Stamp clearly impressed on upper third of handle. Handle is broken and right side of impression is missing Emblem: Connection of right wing to sun disc visible; rest of wing missing lmlk: Lamed followed by kaf legible above connection of left wing to sun disc Place name: Šin followed by taw legible below left wing. Accordingly, impression bears divided mmšt place name 314 Chapter 19: lmlk Stamp i mpreSSiOnS No. 73 Reg. No.: 1119/1; Locus: Surface find; Sub-sector: Unknown; Previous publication: None; Stored at: Unknown Type: MII? (probably MIIb) description: Stamp impressed close to connection of handle with body of jar. Since handle broken, only right end of impression preserved Emblem: Tip of right wing visible lmlk: Handle broken and inscription above emblem not preserved Place name: Mem legible close to right frame of stamp; down-stroke of another mem visible next to it. Thus, definite that place name mmšt. Location of mem might imply divided place name No. 74 Reg. No.: 0695/2; Locus: 268; Level: 816.8; Sub-sector: aCS2; Previous publication: None; Stored at: National treasures Storerooms (No. 641756) Type: zIIb description: Stamp badly impressed on upper third of handle, and thus right part of stamp impression blurred Emblem: Left wing and its tail visible. Right wing missing lmlk: Kaf legible above left wing Place name: Peh legible below connection of left wing with sun disc. Accordingly, impression bears divided zp place name No. 75 Reg. No.: 0866/1; Locus: Surface find; Level: Unknown; Sub-sector: Unknown; Previous publication: None; Stored at: israel Museum (iaa No. 1961-40); Not illustrated Type: zIIb description: Stamp impressed close to connection of handle with body of jar. Clearly impressed and only right side, probably impressed on handle ridge, missing Emblem: Tip of right wing missing lmlk: Down-stroke of mem clearly visible above right wing; long stroke of lamed followed by kaf visible above left wing Place name: Zayin legible below right wing and peh legible below left wing 315 Omer Sergi No. 76 Reg. No.: 0866/3; Locus: Surface find; Level: Unknown; Sub-sector: Unknown; Previous publication: None; Stored at: National treasures Storerooms (No. 1962-26). Photographs by Meidad Suchowolski, reproduced by courtesy of iaa Type: zIIb description: Stamp impressed on upper third of handle. Handle broken and lower left side of impression not preserved Emblem: Clearly visible lmlk: Mem legible above right wing Place name: Zayin legible below right wing and peh legible below left wing No. 77 Reg. No.: 4436/1; Locus: 397; Level: Unknown; Sector: aCS; Previous publication: aharoni 1964: Pl. 39: 1; Stored at: National treasures Storerooms (No. 1964-1759) Type: zIIb description: Stamp impressed on upper third of handle. Upper part of stamp impressed too close to edge of handle and therefore missing Emblem: Head missing lmlk: Down-stroke of kaf visible above left wing Place name: Zayin legible below right wing and peh legible below left wing No. 78 Reg. No.: 1321/5; Locus: 340; Level: 815.9; Sub-sector: aCS2; Previous publication: None; Stored at: National treasures Storerooms (No. 19641760) Type: zIIb description: Stamp impressed on upper third of handle and left border frame slightly blurred Emblem: Lower part of left wing blurred lmlk: Two long strokes visible above right edge of right wing and above connection of left wing to sun disc. Probably remains of letters lamed in lmlk inscription Place name: horizontal line visible below right wing, probably remains of zayin. From location and typology of zayin clearly a divided zp place name 316 Chapter 19: lmlk Stamp i mpreSSiOnS No. 79 Reg. No.: 8021/1; Locus: 554; Level: 819.8; Sub-sector: aPS2; Previous publication: None; Stored at: National treasures Storerooms (No. 19641747) Type: Probably zIIb description: Stamp impressed on upper third of handle Emblem: Clearly visible lmlk and place name: No epigraphic elements visible on impression except for vertical stroke below right wing, which might be remains of zayin. Accordingly, impression probably bears a divided zp place name No. 80 Reg. No.: 4212/1; Locus: 477; Level: 816.2; Sub-sector: aCS2; Previous publication: None; Stored at: National treasures Storerooms (No. 19962245) Type: zIIb description: Stamp clearly impressed on upper third of handle. Remains of another impression visible above left wing, indicating a double impression Emblem: Clearly visible lmlk: Lamed and mem legible above right wing. Lower tail of kaf visible above left wing Place name: Two parallel horizontal lines visible below right wing, remains of a zayin. Peh clearly visible below left wing No. 81 Reg. No.: 1101/1; Locus: 323; Level: Unknown; Sub-sector: Unknown; Previous publication: None; Stored at: National treasures Storerooms (No. 1962-37) Type: zIIb description: Stamp impressed on upper edge of handle, exactly at connection with body of jar, thus most of right side missing and upper part of impression damaged Emblem: Connection of right wing with sun disc visible; rest of wing missing lmlk: Down-stroke of kaf visible above left wing Place name: Below left wing legible peh. Location of peh, typology and shape of emblem implies impression bears divided zp place name 317 Omer Sergi No. 82 Reg. No.: 0769/2; Locus: Probably 268; Level: Unknown; Sub-sector: aCS1/2; Previous publication: None; Stored at: National treasures Storerooms (No. 1964-1758) Type: zIIb description: Stamp impressed on upper third of handle; impressed in between handle ridges. Thus, lower and left parts missing Emblem: Left wing almost entirely missing lmlk: Long stroke of lamed followed by mem visible above right wing Place name: Zayin legible below right wing. From emblem’s shape, and location of zayin clearly divided zp place name No. 83 Reg. No.: 1390/1; Locus: 348; Level: 815.3; Sub-sector: aCS2; Previous publication: None; Stored at: Unknown Type: zIIb description: Stamp impressed on upper third of handle. Badly impressed and most of it blurred. Small portion of impression visible, mainly to right of sun disc. Border frames completely blurred except short piece of central lower border Emblem: Part of head, tail and upper strokes of right wing visible. Left wing missing. From double strokes of right wing possibly impressed twice lmlk: Mem legible above right wing. Tail of lamed to its right Place name: Vertical line of peh and part of its down-stroke visible below left wing, indicating impression bears divided zp place name No. 84 Reg. No.: No Reg. No.; Locus: Unknown; Level: Unknown; Sub-sector: Unknown; Previous publication: None; Stored at: Unknown Type: zIIb description: Stamp impressed on upper third of handle, close to connection with body of jar. Badly impressed and most of impression blurred. Small portion of impression visible, mainly around emblem. Border frames of impression completely blurred except for short piece of central lower border Emblem: Wings blurred and only connection with sun disc visible lmlk: Mem legible above right wing. Tail of lamed at right Place name: Two parallel horizontal lines of zayin visible below right wing. horizontal line and tail of peh visible below left wing 318 Chapter 19: lmlk Stamp i mpreSSiOnS No. 85 Reg. No.: 0799/1; Locus: 268; Level: 816.5; Sub-sector: aCS1/2; Previous publication: None; Stored at: Unknown Type: zIIb description: Handle broken; only right edge of impression preserved Emblem: Small part of right wing visible lmlk: Mem legible above right wing. Short tail, probably of lamed at right Place name: Two horizontal lines of zayin are visible above right wing, indicating that zf is divided place name No. 86 Reg. No.: 0800/1; Locus: 268; Level: 816.5; Sub-sector: aCS1/2; Previous publication: aharoni 1962: Fig. 15: 5; Stored at: Unknown Type: zIIb description: Stamp impressed on upper third of handle. Lower right and upper left border frames are somewhat blurred Emblem: Tip of right wing damaged and blurred lmlk: Remains of long stroke of lamed and kaf visible above left wing. no epigraphic elements can be identified above right wing though impression clear Place name: Two parallel horizontal lines of zayin visible below right wing. Peh legible below left wing No. 87 Reg. No.: 0769/1; Locus: 268; Level: 816.55; Sub-sector: aCS1/2; Previous publication: None; Stored at: Ramat Raḥel Hotel (IAA No.19 62-27) Type: zIIb description: Stamp impressed on ridge of upper third of handle and therefore impression blurred. Lower right and upper right border frame not preserved Emblem: Right wing blurred and tip of right wing not preserved lmlk: Kaf legible above left wing Place name: Peh legible below left wing indicating divided zf place name 319 Omer Sergi No. 88 Reg. No.: Unknown; Locus: Unknown; Level: Unknown; Sub-sector: Unknown; Previous publication: aharoni 1962: Pl. 7: 4; Stored at: Unknown Type: zIIb description: Stamp impressed on upper third of handle,close to right side so that upper right and lower right border frames of impression blurred Emblem: Right wing blurred lmlk: Down-stroke of mem visible above right wing. Long stroke of lamed and kaf visible above left wing Place name: Two parallel horizontal lines of zayin visible below right wing. Peh legible below left wing No. 89 Reg. No.: 3155/2; Locus: 420; Level: 817.5; Sub-sector: aCS1; Previous publication: None; Stored at: Unknown Type: zIIb description: Stamp impressed on upper third of handle. Handle broken and only left part of stamp impression preserved. Upper left part of impression somewhat blurred Emblem: Tail and left wing clearly visible; right side of impression broken and head and right wing not preserved lmlk: Only upper left part of impression preserved; blurred and no epigraphic elements can be identified above emblem Place name: Horizontal line of peh visible below left wing, indicating that impression bears a divided zp place name No. 90 Reg. No.: 6138/2; Locus: 932; Level: 816.25; Sector: aES; Previous publication: aharoni 1964: Pl. 38: 12; Stored at: Unknown Type: zIIb description: Stamp impressed on handle so upper and lower border frames of impression not preserved Emblem: Emblem slightly blurred and seems like an imprint lmlk: Inscription above emblem clearly visible Place name: Two parallel horizontal lines of zayin visible below right wing. Peh legible below left wing, indicating a divided zp place name 320 Chapter 19: lmlk Stamp i mpreSSiOnS No. 91 Reg. No.: 8014/1; Locus: Unknown; Level: Unknown; Sub-sector: Unknown; Previous publication: aharoni 1964: Pl. 38: 10; Stored at: La Sapienza University, Rome Type: zIIb description: Stamp impressed on ridge of handle and on its side. Thus, upper border frame of impression somewhat blurred Emblem: Tip of right wing slightly damaged. Tip of left wing blurred lmlk: Mem legible above right wing Place name: Two parallel horizontal lines of zayin are visible below right wing. Peh legible below left wing No. 92 Reg. No.: 5064/1; Locus: Unknown; Sub-sector: Unknown; Previous publication: aharoni 1964: Pl. 39: 2; Stored at: Unknown Type: zIIb description: Stamp badly impressed on handle and left part not preserved Emblem: Only right side of emblem preserved lmlk: Lamed and mem legible above right wing. no other epigraphic elements of inscription visible Place name: Two parallel horizontal lines of zayin visible below right wing, indicating that impression bears divided zp place name No. 93 Reg. No.: 6001/1; Locus: 809; Level: 816; Sector: aWS1; Previous publication: None; Stored at: Unknown Type: zIIb description: Stamp badly impressed on handle so left part of impression blurred Emblem: Emblem seems like imprint. Left part blurred and tip of left wing not preserved lmlk: Long stroke of lamed and mem visible above right wing Place name: Two parallel horizontal lines visible below right wing, and possibly horizontal stroke of peh visible below left wing, indicating divided zp place name 321 Omer Sergi No. 94 Reg. No.: 4273/3; Locus: 484; Level: 815.30; Sub-sector: aES2; Previous publication: aharoni 1964: Pl. 38: 11; Stored at: La Sapienza University, Rome Type: zIIb description: Stamp impressed on ridge of handle close to connection with body of jar. Right edge of impression not preserved since handle broken. Upper border frame (mainly on right side) of impression blurred Emblem: Right wing damaged and seems thinner than should be lmlk: Tail of lamed with kaf to left visible above left wing Place name: Zayin legible below right wing (two parallel horizontal lines with short tail attached to upper line). Shape of zayin indicates it was divided zp place name No. 95 Reg. No.: 4225/2; Locus: 477; Level: 815.3; Sub-sector: aCS2; Previous publication: None; Stored at: Unknown Type: zIIb description: Only small part of right side of impression preserved since handle broken Emblem: Tip of right wing visible. nevertheless no doubt this is remainder of 2-wing sun disc emblem lmlk: Lamed and mem legible above right wing Place name: Zayin legible below right wing (two parallel horizontal lines with a short tail attached to upper line). Shape of zayin clearly indicates it was divided zp place name No. 96 Reg. No.: 2127/1; Locus: 391; Level: 816.8; Sub-sector: aCS1; Previous publication: None; Stored at: Unknown Type: zIIb description: Stamp badly impressed on upper third of handle. Frame of impression blurred; only small portion preserved. Concentric circle incised close to connection of handle with body of jar, adjacent to lmlk impression (see Chapter 21, No. 2) Emblem: Emblem slightly blurred. Left wing missing and only connection to sun disc visible. Tip of right wing blurred lmlk: Down-stroke of mem visible above right wing Place name: Short horizontal line visible below left wing, probably indicating divided zp place name 322 Chapter 19: lmlk Stamp i mpreSSiOnS No. 97 Reg. No.: 8046/1; Locus: 557; Level: 810.8; Sub-sector: aPS2; Previous publication: None; Stored at: Unknown Type: zIIb description: Stamp badly impressed on jar handle. Blurred; lower border frame not preserved Emblem: Tips of wings not preserved, sun disc slightly blurred lmlk: Mem legible above right wing. Beginning of long stroke of lamed and down-stroke of kaf visible above left wing Place name: Upper horizontal line of zayin visible below right wing. From location and emblem’s shape impression clearly bears divided zp place name No. 98 Reg. No.: 8009/3; Locus: 552; Level: 810.9; Sub-sector: aPS2; Previous publication: None; Stored at: Unknown Type: Probably zIIb description: Stamp badly impressed on handle and most of it blurred Emblem: Lower part of emblem almost completely blurred. Tail and lower parts of wings barely visible lmlk: Some remains of long stroke of lamed above right wing. Second lamed legible above left wing with down-stroke of kaf to its left Place name: No clear remains of epigraphic elements of place name. Nevertheless, remains of peh can be identified below left wing; horizontal line of a zayin may be visible below right wing. Accordingly, it is possible that impression bears divided zp place name No. 99 Reg. No.: 4275/2; Locus: 491; Level: 815.8; Sub-sector: aCS2; Previous publication: None; Stored at: Unknown Type: Probably zIIb description: Stamp impressed on ridge of handle close to connection with body of jar. Upper border frame of impression slightly broken and lower border frame blurred Emblem: Tip of left wing somewhat blurred lmlk: Lamed and mem to its right legible above right wing. Tail and beginning of long stroke of second lamed with a clear kaf to its left visible above left wing Place name: Short horizontal line visible below left wing of emblem. From location and from emblem’s shape probably remains of peh, indicating divided zp place name 323 Omer Sergi No. 100 Reg. No.: 3003/1; Locus: 340; Level: Unknown; Sub-sector: aCS2; Previous publication: None; Stored at: Unknown; Not illustrated Type: Probably zIIb description: Stamp badly impressed close to connection of handle with body of jar; almost completely blurred. Evidence that stamp impressed twice on handle. In addition, handle broken and right side of stamp impression not preserved Emblem: Emblem almost completely blurred and only remains of left wing visible lmlk: Lamed legible, followed by kaf, above remains of left wing Place name: Down-stroke of peh visible below left wing, indicating that impression bears divided zp place name. Peh appears twice on impression, one above other, implying that stamp impressed twice on same handle No. 101 Reg. No.: 1740/1; Locus: 297; Level: 816.3; Sub-sector: aCS2; Previous publication: None; Stored at: Unknown Type: Probably zIIb description: Stamp impressed on upper third of handle. Handle broken and right side of impression not preserved. Left side blurred Emblem: head and tail clearly visible. Right wing not preserved since impression damaged and only small part of left wing visible close to connection with sun disc lmlk: Weak impression of down-stroke of mem visible above right wing Place name: Peh legible below left wing; accordingly, impression bears divided zp place name No. 102 Reg. No.: 4322/1; Locus: 477; Level: 815.50; Sub-sector: aCS2; Previous publication: aharoni 1964: Pl. 39: 4; Stored at: Unknown Type: SIIb description: Impression stamped on upper third of handle. Impressed on ridge itself, so upper border frame of impression absent Emblem: Clearly visible lmlk: Long stroke of lamed and down-stroke of mem visible above right wing. Lower tail of second mem visible above left wing Place name: Śin and waw legible below right wing. Two short strokes visible below left wing, and probably remains of kaf and heh. no epigraphic elements identified below emblem tail; impression thus seems to bear divided swkh place name 324 Chapter 19: lmlk Stamp i mpreSSiOnS No. 103 Reg. No.: 4259/1; Locus: Probably 481; Level: Unknown; Sector: aES; Previous publication: aharoni 1964: Pl. 39: 5; Stored at: israel Museum (iaa No. 1964-1719) Type: SIIb description: Stamp impressed on handle ridges close to connection with body of jar, thus upper border frame of impression blurred. Handle broken; right edge of stamp impression not preserved. Concentric circles incised next to lower left part of lmlk stamp impression (see Chapter 21, No. 6) Emblem: Right wing somewhat blurred and tip of right wing damaged lmlk: Lamed and mem legible above right wing. Down-stroke of kaf visible above left wing Place name: Waw legible below right wing. Kaf and heh legible below left wing. Letters indicate divided swkh place name No. 104 Reg. No.: 0894/2; Locus: 297; Level: 817.2; Sub-sector: aCS2; Previous publication: aharoni 1962: Fig. 15: 8; Stored at: Unknown Type: Probably SIIb description: Stamped handle broken and therefore only left side of impression preserved Emblem: Tip of emblem’s left wing visible lmlk: Short upper stroke and down-stroke of kaf visible above tip of left wing Place name: Heh legible below left wing, probably indicating swkh place name. From position of heh and type likely that it is a divided place name type No. 105 Reg. No.: 1740/3; Locus: 297; Level: 816.3; Sub-sector: aCS2; Previous publication: None; Stored at: Unknown Type: SIIb or xII description: Stamp impressed close to connection of handle with body of jar. Badly impressed and only lower border frame clearly visible Emblem: Right wing blurred and tip of left wing damaged lmlk/Place name: No remains of epigraphic elements visible on impression. From emblem’s shape, may have been divided swkh place name or generic type with no place name and just lmlk inscription in top register 325 Omer Sergi No. 106 Reg. No.: 8025/1; Locus: 557; Level: 812; Sub-sector: aPS2; Previous publication: None; Stored at: Unknown Type: ?IIb description: Stamp badly impressed on edge of handle, and therefore most of impression blurred Emblem: Right wing visible; rest of emblem blurred lmlk: Tail of lamed visible above right wing, followed by clearly inscribed mem Place name: No epigraphic elements of place name can be identified. From shape of wings and location of lamed and mem above right wing impression clearly bears divided place name 2-w ing Stamp i mpreSSiOn t ypeS xii, iiC w ith plaCe name in tOp r egiSter Or w ithOut a plaCe name No. 107 Reg. No.: 0695/1; Locus: 268; Level: 816.8; Previous publication: aharoni 1962: Pl. 30: 2; Sub-sector: aCS1/2; Stored at: National treasures Storerooms (No. 1964-175) Type: xII description: Stamp impressed on upper third of handle. Impression blurred and only right lower border frame clear. Left and upper border frames blurred Emblem: Left part of emblem missing; badly impressed lmlk: Lamed legible above right wing; second lamed clearly visible above emblem’s head. Mem clearly impressed between them above emblem’s head. From location of lmlk inscription in one word above emblem, and from emblem’s shape, clearly Type xII No. 108 Reg. No.: 4821; Locus: Unknown; Sub-sector: Unknown; Previous publication: None; Stored at: National treasures Storerooms (No. 197684). Photographs by Meidad Suchowolski, reproduced by courtesy of iaa Type: xII description: Stamp impressed on upper third of handle. Handle broken and right edge of impression missing. Left side of impression blurred Emblem: Left wing blurred and only connection of that wing to sun disc visible lmlk: Tail of lamed visible above connection of right wing to sun disc. Mem followed by another lamed legible above emblem’s head. Kaf visible above connection of left wing to sun disc. From location of lmlk inscription, inscribed above emblem and from emblem’s shape, clear that it is Type xII 326 Chapter 19: lmlk Stamp i mpreSSiOnS No. 109 Reg. No.: 1947/1; Locus: 393; Level: 814.9; Sub-sector: aCS2; Previous publication: None; Stored at: Unknown Type: Probably xII description: Stamp badly impressed on upper third of handle. Small portion of impression, mainly around emblem, visible, while border frames absent Emblem: Sun disc, its head, its tail and beginning of wings connected to it visible. From emblem’s shape, probably Type xII. but no epigraphic elements visible on impression No. 110 Reg. No.: 0818/1; Locus: 290; Level: 817.4; Sub-sector: aCS1; Previous publication: None; Stored at: Unknown Type: xII description: Stamp impressed on ridges of handle and lower border frame somewhat blurred Emblem: Clearly visible, but tip of left wing slightly blurred lmlk: Upper part of impression blurred and lmlk inscription above emblem not preserved. No epigraphic elements visible on impression. From emblem’s shape, probably Type xII No. 111 Reg. No.: 1739/6; Locus: 297; Level: 816.3; Sub-sector: aCS2; Previous publication: None; Stored at: Unknown Type: xII description: Stamp impressed on ridge of handle of jar and therefore only right frame of impression clear; upper frame blurred. Handle broken and left side of impression not preserved Emblem: Left wing and left side of head of emblem broken lmlk/Place name: No remains of epigraphic elements preserved. From emblem’s shape, probably Type xII 327 Omer Sergi No. 112 Reg. No.: 1321/7; Locus: 340; Level: 815.6; Sub-sector: aCS2; Previous publication: None; Stored at: Unknown Type: xII description: Stamp badly impressed on upper third of ridged handle. Frame and borders not clear Emblem: Right wing cut off; tip of left wing damaged lmlk: Tail of mem probably visible above emblem’s head. Down-stroke of kaf visible above left wing. No remains of place name but from shape of emblem and remains of lmlk inscription above it, Type xII No. 113 Reg. No.: 1321/4; Locus: 340; Level: 815.6; Sub-sector: aCS2; Previous publication: aharoni 1962: Pl. 29: 9; Stored at: National treasures Storerooms (No. 1964-1743) Type: xII description: Stamp clearly impressed on upper third of handle. Lower right frame slightly blurred Emblem: Clearly visible lmlk: No epigraphic elements preserved. From shape of emblem, Type xII No. 114 Reg. No.: 1299/1; Locus: 340; Level: 815.8.; Sub-sector: aCS2; Previous publication: aharoni 1962: Pl. 30: 3; Stored at: Unknown Type: xII description: Stamp impressed on upper third of handle. Lower part of impression completely missing since impressed on handle ridge. Left side blurred Emblem: Emblem clearly visible though left wing and tail missing lmlk: Clear lmlk inscription visible above emblem. Inscription undivided and therefore seems to be Type xII 328 Chapter 19: lmlk Stamp i mpreSSiOnS No. 115 Reg. No.: 5667/3; Locus: 763; Level: 815.95; Sub-sector: aWS1; Previous publication: None; Stored at: Unknown Type: xII description: Stamp impressed on side of handle and therefore entire right side missing Emblem: Connection of right wing with sun disc visible while rest of wing missing. Left wing blurred lmlk: lmlk inscription not visible. Down-stroke probably of mem visible above left wing. no other epigraphic elements appear. From emblem’s shape and location of mem, probably Type xII No. 116 Reg. No.: 8007/4; Locus: 552; Level: 811.9; Sub-sector: aPS2; Previous publication: None; Stored at: Unknown Type: xII description: Stamp impressed on side of handle; upper part completely missing Emblem: Sun disc itself, with tail and right wing visible. Upper part of emblem missing and left wing cut close to connection with sun disc lmlk: lmlk inscription not visible since entire upper part of impression missing. No other epigraphic elements. From emblem’s shape; clearly Type xII No. 117 Reg. No.: 8077/2; Locus: 557; Level: Unknown; Sub-sector: aPS2; Previous publication: None; Stored at: Unknown Type: xII description: Stamp badly impressed on handle and therefore frames not clear Emblem: Clearly 2-winged sun disc emblem, but only connections of wings to sun disc are visible lmlk: Inscription not visible since impression blurred. From emblem’s shape, probably Type xII 329 Omer Sergi No. 118 Reg. No.: 4348/1; Locus: 468; Level: 815.6; Sub-sector: aCS2; Previous publication: None; Stored at: Unknown Type: xII description: Stamp impressed on upper third of handle. Handle broken and left side of impression not preserved Emblem: Tail clearly visible; left wing missing, right wing blurred lmlk: No visible epigraphic elements on impression. From emblem’s shape, probably Type xII No. 119 Reg. No.: 4503/1; Locus: 497; Level: 815. 4; Sector: aES; Previous publication: None; Stored at: National treasures Storerooms No. 1964-1720) Type: Probably xII description: Stamp badly impressed on side of upper third of handle. Upper part completely blurred. To right of impression and close to handle’s connection with body of jar concentric circle incised (see Chapter 21, No. 8) Emblem: head missing (along with rest of upper part of impression) lmlk: Inscription missing; entire upper part of impression missing. According to emblem’s shape and small stroke above connection of right wing to sun disc, probably Type XII 330 Chapter 19: lmlk Stamp i mpreSSiOnS No. 120 Reg. No.: 6664/1; Locus: 855; Level: 816.5; Sub-sector: Unknown; Previous publication: None; Stored at: National treasures Storerooms (No. 1964-2285). Photographs reproduced by courtesy of iaa Type: Probably xII description: Stamp badly impressed on upper third of handle; most is blurred. Left and lower left frames not clear. Two parallel horizontal lines incised on handle above impression, close to handle connection with body of jar Emblem: most of emblem blurred. Right wing, head and sun disc visible. According to shape of wing Type XII lmlk/Place name: No epigraphic elements preserved No. 121 Reg. No.: 4301/1; Locus: 477; Level: 815.2; Sub-sector: aCS2; Previous publication: None; Stored at: Unknown Type: Probably xII description: Stamp badly impressed on handle; quite blurred. Handle broken and left side of impression missing Emblem: head, body (sun disc) and tail quite clear. Wings slightly blurred. According to shape of wings and type of emblem probably Type xII No. 122 Reg. No.: 9112; Locus: Unknown; Level: Unknown; Sub-sector: Unknown; Previous publication: None; Stored at: National treasures Storerooms (No. 1964-2280). Photographs reproduced by courtesy of iaa, photo: Meidad Suchowolski Type: xII. or MIIc description: Stamp impressed on upper third of handle. Right and upper right border frames missing since handle broken. Thick patina layer on impression, especially on left side Emblem: Emblem clearly visible. Tail double ridged lmlk: lmlk inscription not preserved Place name: Some remains of mem might be seen above right wing. mem might be part of mmšt place name in a top register (Type MIIc). or part of lmlk inscription in top register (Type xII.). Double ridge tail of emblem implies both possibilities plausible 331 Omer Sergi No. 123 Reg. No.: 3133/1; Locus: Unknown; Level: Unknown; Sub-sector: Unknown; Previous publication: aharoni 1964: Pl. 39: 11; Stored at: Unknown Type: MIIc description: Stamp impressed on upper third of handle. Impressed on ridge itself and therefore upper right part of impression missing Emblem: Lower part (especially connection of tail and wings to sun disc). slightly blurred lmlk: No lmlk inscription visible above emblem Place name: Two down-strokes visible above connection of right wing with sun disc, probably remains of two mems. Úin and taw legible above emblem’s head No. 124 Reg. No.: 1133/6; Locus: 321; Level: 816.25; Sub-sector: Unknown; Previous publication: None; Stored at: Unknown Type: xII. or zIIc) description: Stamp impressed on upper third of handle. Impression poor as result of being on handle’s ridges. Right and left border frames missing. Lower part of impression damaged Emblem: Clearly impressed, though edges of both wings missing lmlk: No epigraphic elements above emblem Place name: no epigraphic elements visible below emblem. From emblem’s shape, impression probably bears zp place name in top register or could have been generic impression of Type xII, without place name No. 125 Reg. No.: 8024/1; Locus: 556; Level: 818.7; Sub-sector: aPS2; Previous publication: None; Stored at: National treasures Storerooms (No. 1964-1745) Type: ?II? (Probably IIb or IIc type) description: Stamp badly impressed on handle thus, impression almost completely blurred and frame not clear (right frame partially visible). Concentric circle incised to right of lmlk impression. Only half visible since handle broken (see Chapter 21, No. 7) Emblem: Emblem almost completely blurred and only right wing clearly visible. Shape of emblem’s right wing implies it could be Type IIb or IIc lmlk/Place name: no epigraphic elements of any kind identifiable on impression and thus exact type cannot be determined 332 Chapter 19: lmlk Stamp i mpreSSiOnS No. 126 Reg. No.: 9084; Locus: Unknown; Level: Unknown; Sub-sector: Unknown; Previous publication: None; Stored at: National treasures Storerooms (No. 1964-2288). Photographs reproduced by courtesy of iaa Type: ?II? (Might be HIIc) description: Stamp impressed close to handle connection to body of jar, oriented at 0900 (instead of usual 1200 orientation). Impression almost completely blurred and only part of right side with right frame visible Emblem: Right wing visible while rest of emblem completely blurred. Shape of right wing implies it could be Type hIIc lmlk/Place name: No epigraphic elements visible u nidentiFied 2-w inged Stamp i mpreSSiOnS No. 127 Reg. No.: 8044/1; Locus: 563; Level: Unknown; Sub-sector: aPS1; Previous publication: None; Stored at: Unknown Type: ?II? description: Stamp badly impressed on handle and therefore impression blurred and only left frame visible Emblem: The tip of the right wing slightly blurred No. 128 Reg. No.: 0904/1; Locus: 310; Level: 815.4; Sub-sector: aCS2; Previous publication: None; Stored at: Unknown Type: ?II? description: Stamp impressed twice on handle Emblem: Wings partially clear but head missing No. 129 Reg. No.: 3003/8; Locus: 340; Level: Unknown; Sub-sector: aCS2; Previous publication: None; Stored at: National treasures Storerooms (No. 1964-1767) Type: ?II? description: Stamp badly impressed on upper third of handle and therefore completely blurred Emblem: Tail and part of right wing visible; remainder blurred 333 Omer Sergi No. 130 Reg. No.: 8009/2; Locus: 552; Level: 810.9; Sub-sector: aPS2; Previous publication: None; Stored at: Unknown Type: ?II? description: Stamp badly impressed; handle broken and impression itself not preserved Emblem: Small part of left wing visible, enabling determination that impression bears a 2-winged sun disc emblem No. 131 Reg. No.: 5250/1; Locus: Surface Find; Sub-sector: Unknown; Previous publication: None; Stored at: Unknown Type: ?II? description: Stamp badly impressed on handle and almost completely blurred Emblem: Emblem blurred, but undoubtedly 2-winged emblem No. 132 Reg. No.: 8006/1; Locus: 551; Level: 818.7; Sub-sector: aPS2; Previous publication: None; Stored at: Unknown Type: ?II? description: Stamp badly impressed on handle and therefore impression completely blurred Emblem: Tail of emblem clearly visible No. 133 Reg. No.: 8017/3; Locus: 555; Level: 812.65; Sub-sector: aPS2; Previous publication: None. Stored at: Unknown Type: ?II? description: Stamp badly impressed on handle and almost completely blurred Emblem: Emblem’s head, tail, sun disc and the connections of the wings to the sun disc visible No. 134 Reg. No.: 8031/1; Locus: 554; Level: 818.9; Sub-sector: aPS2; Previous publication: None; Stored at: Unknown Type: ?II? description: Stamped handle broken and therefore only upper left part of impression preserved Emblem: head and left wing of emblem clearly visible 334 Chapter 19: lmlk Stamp i mpreSSiOnS No. 135 Reg. No.: 8024/4; Locus: 556; Level: 818.7; Sub-sector: aPS2; Previous publication: None; Stored at: Unknown Type: ?II? description: Stamp badly impressed on handle and therefore most of impression blurred. Left side of impression missing since handle broken Emblem: Head and tail visible No. 136 Reg. No.: 8023/1; Locus: 556; Level: 819; Sub-sector: aPS2; Previous publication: None; Stored at: Unknown Type: ?II? description: Stamp badly impressed on handle and therefore only upper part visible. Handle broken and right side of impression missing Emblem: head and right wing visible lmlk: First lamed and mem clearly visible above right wing. Second lamed and tail of kaf visible above left wing No. 137 Reg. No.: 8024/3; Locus: 556; Level: 818.7; Sub-sector: aPS2; Previous publication: None; Stored at: Unknown Type: ?II? description: Stamp badly impressed on handle and therefore impression blurred Emblem: Stamp clearly bears almost completely blurred 2-winged sun disc emblem. Body and part of right wing identifiable though blurred No. 138 Reg. No.: 4314/1; Locus: 498; Level: 815.5; Sub-sector: Unknown; Previous publication: None; Stored at: Unknown Type: ?II? description: Stamp impressed on handle ridge and therefore slightly blurred and frame not clear. Handle broken and left side of impression missing Emblem: Left wing missing since handle broken lmlk: Down-stroke of mem clearly visible above right wing. no other letters of lmlk inscription visible 335 Omer Sergi No. 139 Reg. No.: 0925/9; Locus: 310; Level: 816; Sub-sector: aCS2; Previous publication: None; Stored at: Unknown Type: ?II? description: Stamp badly impressed on handle. Handle broken and right side of impression missing Emblem: Left wing of emblem clearly visible. Rest of emblem blurred or missing lmlk: Lamed and down-stroke of kaf clearly visible above left wing No. 140 Reg. No.: 1685/3; Locus: 374; Level: 814.7; Sub-sector: aCS1; Previous publication: None; Stored at: Unknown Type: ?II? description: Stamp badly impressed on upper third of handle and therefore completely blurred; only right frame clearly visible Emblem: Right side visible. Rest of emblem completely blurred No. 141 Reg. No.: 4188/1; Locus: 477; Level: 816.35; Sub-sector: aCS2; Previous publication: None; Stored at: Unknown Type: ?II? description: Stamp impressed on upper third of handle and impression slightly blurred. Right side of impression not preserved since handle broken Emblem: Emblem slightly blurred and right wing missing lmlk: Down-stroke of kaf visible above left wing No. 142 Reg. No.: 4283/1; Locus: 477; Level: 815.7; Sub-sector: aCS2; Previous publication: None; Stored at: Unknown Type: ?II? description: Stamp badly impressed on upper third of handle and therefore almost completely blurred. Frame of impression not visible Emblem: A few remains of emblem imply that impression bears 2-winged sun disc emblem. head and tail quite clear while rest blurred lmlk: Mem legible above right wing 336 Chapter 19: lmlk Stamp i mpreSSiOnS No. 143 Reg. No.: 4492/1; Locus: 497; Level: 815.1; Sector: aES; Previous publication: None; Stored at: Unknown Type: ?II? description: Stamp badly impressed on upper third of handle and therefore almost completely blurred. only lower part of impression partially visible Emblem: Lower part of emblem visible. head, sun disc and upper part of wings totally blurred No. 144 Reg. No.: 4285/2; Locus: 477; Level: Unknown; Sub-sector: aCS2; Previous publication: None; Stored at: Unknown Type: ?II? description: Stamp impressed on upper third of handle. Handle broken; left part of impression completely missing. To right of stamp impression re might be remains of incised circle, as though attempt made to etch incomplete concentric circle Emblem: Right wing preserved lmlk: Down-stroke of mem visible above right wing No. 145 Reg. No.: 8009/1; Locus: 552; Level: 810.9; Sub-sector: aPS2; Previous publication: None; Stored at: Unknown Type: ?II? description: Stamp badly impressed on handle and therefore impression completely blurred Emblem: Wings and tail of emblem visible lmlk: Lamed and kaf visible above estimated place of left wing No. 146 Reg. No.: 3704/4; Locus: 457; Level: 816.10; Sub-sector: aES3; Previous publication: None; Stored at: Unknown Type: ?II? description: Stamp badly impressed on handle and therefore impression completely blurred Emblem: Tail of emblem visible. Rest of emblem blurred 337 Omer Sergi No. 147 Reg. No.: 8038/1; Locus: 557; Level: 811; Sub-sector: aPS2; Previous publication: None; Stored at: Unknown Type: ?II? description: Stamp badly impressed on handle and therefore impression blurred Emblem: head and right wing are clearly visible, but rest of emblem blurred lmlk: Down-stroke of mem visible above right wing. Tail of second lamed and down-stroke of kaf visible above left wing No. 148 Reg. No.: 1893/1; Locus: 390; Level: 815.8; Sector: aCS; Previous publication: None; Stored at: Unknown Type: ?II? description: Stamp badly impressed on upper third of handle and therefore impression completely blurred Emblem: Clear that impression bears 2-winged sun disc emblem, but emblem itself blurred and right wing missing No. 149 Reg. No.: 0124/8; Locus: Probably 253; Level: Unknown; Sub-sector: aCS1; Previous publication: None; Stored at: Unknown Type: ?II? description: Stamp impressed on upper third of handle, and is slightly blurred. Right side of impression completely blurred and only left frame visible Emblem: Sun disc and tail clearly visible. Left wing slightly blurred (especially its connection to sun disc). Right wing completely missing No. 150 Reg. No.: 3749/3; Locus: 318; Level: 815.5; Sub-sector: aCS1; Previous publication: None; Stored at: Unknown Type: ?II? description: Stamp impressed on upper third of handle. Only lower part of impression preserved since handle broken Emblem: Tail and lower part of left wing preserved since stamp impression almost completely broken 338 Chapter 19: lmlk Stamp i mpreSSiOnS No. 151 Reg. No.: 2148/1; Locus: 392; Level: 814.1; Sub-sector: aCS2; Previous publication: None; Stored at: Unknown Type: ?II? description: Stamp impressed on upper third of handle. Handle broken and only right side of impression preserved. A concentric circle incised to right of impression, close to connection of handle to body of jar (see Chapter 21, no. 3) Emblem: only right wing preserved No. 152 Reg. No.: 1482/2; Locus: 346; Level: 815; Sub-sector: aCS2; Previous publication: None; Stored at: Unknown Type: Undefined description: Stamp impressed on upper third of handle. Since handle broken, only lower right edge of impression preserved. Concentric circle incised to right of impression, close to connection of handle to body of jar (see Chapter 21, no. 1) Emblem: Tip of right wing visible lmlk: Tip of long stroke of lamed and three upper strokes of mem clearly visible above right wing No. 153 Reg. No.: 8001/1; Locus: 552; Level: Unknown; Sub-sector: aPS2; Stored at: Unknown Type: ?II? description: Impression completely blurred, probably because impressed twice on same spot of handle Emblem: Tip of right wing visible lmlk: Long strokes of lamed and kaf visible above supposed left wing. Two additional vertical strokes left of lamed, similar to that of lamed. Strokes probably indicate that stamp impressed more than once 339 Omer Sergi No. 154 Reg. No.: 5870/1; Locus: 803; Level: 816.5; Sub-sector: aWS1; Stored at: Unknown Type: ?II? description: Impression completely blurred and unclear; exact type cannot be determined. Probably bears a 2-winged sun disc emblem, but even that cannot be determined with a great deal of certainty No. 155 Reg. No.: 5844/1; Locus: 218; Level: 816.7; Sub-sector: aCS1; Stored at: Unknown, type: ? description: Impression completely blurred and unclear; exact type cannot be determined UNACCOUNTED-FOR lmlk STAMP IMPRESSIONS The following lmlk stamp impressions were documented in Aharoni’s object cards but their visual documentation was lost and they were never found. Therefore we lack further information about them. nevertheless, we assume that since they were documented they probably exist. No. 156 Reg. No.: 0909/1; Locus: 277; Level: 816.35; Sub-sector: aCS1; Previous publication: None; Stored at: Unknown Type: II? No. 157 Reg. No.: 1259/2; Locus: 340; Level: 815.8; Sub-sector: aCS2; Previous publication: None; Stored at: Unknown Type: II? No. 158 Reg. No.: 1448/2; Locus: 322; Level: 816.5; Sub-sector: aCS1; Previous publication: None; Stored at: Unknown Type: M? 340 Chapter 19: lmlk Stamp i mpreSSiOnS No. 159 Reg. No.: 4017/1; Locus: 477; Level: 817; Sub-sector: aCS2; Previous publication: None; Stored at: Unknown Type: ? No. 160 Reg. No.: 4194/1; Locus: 481; Level: 815.1; Sector: aES; Previous publication: None; Stored at: Unknown Type: II? No. 161 Reg. No.: 5810/1; Locus: 794; Level: 814.65; Sector: Unknown; Previous publication: None; Stored at: Unknown Type: HII? No. 162 Reg. No.: 7507/3; Locus: 900; Level: 816; Sub-sector: Unknown; Previous publication: None; Stored at: Unknown Type: z? No. 163 Reg. No.: 8018/2; Locus: 555; Level: 812; Sub-sector: aPS2; Previous publication: None; Stored at: Unknown Type: ? description: Impression was not documented decisively. Apparently Aharoni could not decide whether handle bears a lmlk impression or not. Since no visual documentation of handle exists, no conclusion can be reached regarding whether it is a lmlk impression REFERENCES Aharoni, Y. 1962. Excavations at Ramat Raḥel (Seasons 1959 and 1960). (Serie archeologica / Universita di Roma, Centro di studi semitici 2). Rome. Aharoni, Y. 1964. Excavations at Ramat Raḥel (Seasons 1961 and 1962). (Serie archeologica / Universita di Roma, Centro di studi semitici 6). Rome. Lemaire, A. 1981. Classification des estampilles royales Judeennes. Eretz-israel 15 (Aharoni Volume): 54–60. Lipschits, O., Sergi, O. and Koch, I. 2000. Royal Judahite Jar Handles: Reconsidering the Chronology of the lmlk Stamp Impressions. tel aviv 37: 3–32. Lipschits, O., Sergi, O. and Koch, I. 2011. Judahite Stamped and Incised Jar Handles: A Tool for Studying the History of Late Monarchic Judah. tel aviv 38: 5–41. Sergi, O. Forthcoming. The lmlk Stamed handles from Ramat Raḥel: Conclusions. In: Lipschits, o., oeming, m. and Gadot, Y. Ramat Raḥel V: the Renewed Excavations by the tel aviv–Heidelberg Expedition (2005–2010).: the Finds (Monograph Series of the Institute of Archaeology). 341