The strong local-moment magnetism in divalent Eu metal (4f^7) suppresses superconductivity. At extreme pressure Eu is expected to become trivalent and nonmagnetic (4f^6). Recently, superconductivity in Eu was discovered by Debessai et al. for pressures above 80 GPa [1]. However, Eu's transition temperature lies near 2 K, nearly an order of magnitude lower than for comparable trivalent d-electron metals, possibly because Eu is not fully trivalent but rather mixed valent. Here we report recent experimental results on Eu's valence and magnetic state to Mbar pressures through synchrotron x-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), synchrotron x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD), and synchrotron M"ossbauer spectroscopy (SMS).[4pt] [1] M. Debessai, T. Matsuoka, J. J. Hamlin, J. S. Schilling, and K. Shimizu, Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 197002 (2009).
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