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A 2-day-old Mangalarga Marchador colt was presented with clinical signs of severe mental depression, unable to stand, and lacking a suckling reflex. Despite intensive medical care, there was no improvement and the colt died 30 hours later. Gross lesions were characterized by aplasia of the cerebellar vermis, cystic dilatation of the fourth ventricle, communicant hydrocephalus involving all ventricles and villous hyperplasia of the choroid plexus in the fourth ventricle. The cerebral parenchyma adjacent to lateral ventricles was markedly reduced. In addition, there was aspiration pneumonia. Aplasia of the cerebellar vermis and cystic dilatation of the fourth ventricle could be compared to the Dandy-Walker-syndrome (DWS). Nevertheless, congenital cerebellar anomalies combined with villous hyperplasia of the choroid plexus in the fourth ventricle and hydrocephalus are describing for the first time in animals, alerting clinicians and pathologists for future investigations about the inci...
Child's Nervous System
Hydrocephalus in Dandy–Walker malformationAmerican Journal of Medical Genetics
Familial Dandy-Walker malformation associated with macrocephaly, facial anomalies, developmental delay, and brain stem dysgenesis: Prenatal diagnosis and postnatal outcome in brothers. A new syndrome?1994 •
European annals of otorhinolaryngology, head and neck diseases
Anatomy and physiology of cerebrospinal fluid2011 •
The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is contained in the brain ventricles and the cranial and spinal subarachnoid spaces. The mean CSF volume is 150 ml, with 25 ml in the ventricles and 125 ml in subarachnoid spaces. CSF is predominantly, but not exclusively, secreted by the choroid plexuses. Brain interstitial fluid, ependyma and capillaries may also play a poorly defined role in CSF secretion. CSF circulation from sites of secretion to sites of absorption largely depends on the arterial pulse wave. Additional factors such as respiratory waves, the subject's posture, jugular venous pressure and physical effort also modulate CSF flow dynamics and pressure. Cranial and spinal arachnoid villi have been considered for a long time to be the predominant sites of CSF absorption into the venous outflow system. Experimental data suggest that cranial and spinal nerve sheaths, the cribriform plate and the adventitia of cerebral arteries constitute substantial pathways of CSF drainage into the ly...
Neuroradiology
Evaluation of CSF flow patterns of posterior fossa cystic malformations using CSF flow MR imaging2006 •
Journal of Clinical Ultrasound
First trimester transvaginal sonographic diagnosis of Dandy-Walker malformation1993 •
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) spaces include ventricles and cerebral and spinal subarachnoid spaces. CSF motion is a combined effect of CSF production rate and superimposed cardiac pulsations. Knowledge of CSF dynamics has benefited considerably from the development of phase-contrast (PC) MRI. There are several disorders such as communicating and non-communicating hydrocephalus, Chiari malformation, syringomyelic cyst and arachnoid cyst that can change the CSF dynamics. The aims of this pictorial review are to outline the PC MRI technique, CSF physiology and cerebrospinal space anatomy, to describe a group of congenital and acquired disorders that can alter the CSF dynamics, and to assess the use of PC MRI in the assessment of various central nervous system abnormalities.
Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery
CT stereotaxy guided lateral trans-cerebellar programmable fourth ventriculo–peritoneal shunting for symptomatic trapped fourth ventricle2001 •
Introduction: Hydrocephalus is one of the most common diseases in children, and its treatment requires brain operation. However, the pathophysiology of the disease is very complicated and still unknown. Methods: Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy (ETV) and Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt (VPS) implantation are among the common treatments of hydrocephalus. In this study, Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) hydrodynamic parameters and efficiency of the treatment methods were compared with numerical simulation and clinical follow-up of the treated patients. Results: Studies have shown that in patients under 19 years of age suffering from hydrocephalus related to a Posterior Fossa Brain Tumor (PFBT), the cumulative failure rate was 21% and 29% in ETV and VPS operation, respectively. At first, the ETV survival curve shows a sharp decrease and after two months it gets fixed while VPS curve makes a gradual decrease and reaches to a level lower than ETV curve after 5.7 months. Post-operative complications in ETV and VPS methods are 17% and 31%, respectively. In infants younger than 12 months with hydrocephalus due to congenital Aqueduct Stenosis (AS), and also in the elderly patients suffering from Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (NPH), ETV is a better treatment option. Computer simulations show that the maximum CSF pressure is the most reliable hydrodynamic index for the evaluation of the treatment efficacy in these patients. After treatment by ETV and shunt methods, CSF pressure decreases about 9 and 5.3 times, respectively and 2.5 years after shunt implantation, this number returns to normal range. Conclusion: In infants with hydrocephalus, initial treatment by ETV was more reasonable than implanting the shunt. In adult with hydrocephalus, the initial failure in ETV occurred sooner compared to shunt therapy; however, ETV was more efficient.
Pediatric Hydrocephalus
Classification and Definition of Hydrocephalus: Origin, Controversy, and Assignment of the Terminology2005 •
Journal of Neuroimaging
Neonatal Head Ultrasonography Today: A Powerful Imaging Tool!2014 •
American Journal of Veterinary Research
Computed tomography and cross-sectional anatomy of the brain in clinically normal dogs2005 •
Child's Nervous System
The clinical spectrum of Blake’s pouch cyst: report of six illustrative cases2010 •
Pediatric and Developmental Pathology
Agenesis of the Mesencephalon and Metencephalon with Cerebellar Hypoplasia: Putative Mutation in the EN2 Gene--Report of 2 Cases in Early Infancy2002 •
Child's Nervous System
Fetal hydrocephalus, intrauterine diagnosis and therapy considerations: an experimental rat model2005 •
Child's Nervous System
The choroid plexus: a comprehensive review of its history, anatomy, function, histology, embryology, and surgical considerations2014 •
Developmental Neurorehabilitation
Neuropathological findings in Dandy Walker VariantActa Neurochirurgica
Endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of far distal obstructive hydrocephalus2010 •
Child's Nervous System
The ventricular system of the brain: a comprehensive review of its history, anatomy, histology, embryology, and surgical considerations2014 •
Acta Neuropathologica
Rhombencephalosynapsis and related anomalies: a neuropathological study of 40 fetal cases2009 •
Journal of Medical Genetics
Oculocerebrocutaneous syndrome: the brain malformation defines a core phenotype2005 •
Veterinary Radiology <html_ent glyph="@amp;" ascii="&"/> Ultrasound
Ultrasonographic Appearance of Dandy Walker-Like Syndrome in a Boston Terrier2004 •
Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria
Dandy-Walker syndrome in adult mimicking myasthenia gravis2007 •
2012 •
Donald School Journal of Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology
Diagnosis of Fetal Anomalies in Developing Country: Experiences in Indonesia2007 •
Journal of ultrasound in medicine : official journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine
Asymmetric ventriculomegaly, interhemispheric cyst, and dysgenesis of the corpus callosum (AVID): an imaging triad2012 •
Neurosurgical Focus
Endoscopic third ventriculostomy for hydrocephalus associated with tectal gliomas2005 •
Journal of Equine Veterinary Science
Subependymal Reaction Secondary to Choroid Plexus Papilloma in a Horse2014 •
Child's Nervous System
Hydrocephalus and aquaporins: lessons learned from the bench2010 •
Prenatal Diagnosis
Founder Fukutin mutation causes Walker-Warburg syndrome in four Ashkenazi Jewish families2009 •
Clinical neurology and neurosurgery
Endoscopic third ventriculostomy in the management of hydrocephalus: Outcome analysis of 168 consecutive procedures2014 •
Journal of prenatal medicine
Fetal intracranial cysts: prenatal diagnosis and outcome2009 •