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Lunar Laser Ranging Science: Recent Progress and Future Plans

Lunar Laser Ranging Science: Recent Progress and Future Plans

James Williams
James Williams
Abstract
Since it's initiation by the Apollo 11 astronauts in 1969, lunar laser ranging (LLR) has strongly contributed to our understanding of the Moon's internal structure and the dynamics of the Earth-Moon system. LLR science results include tests of gravitational physics and ephemeris information from the orbit, lunar science from rotation and solid-body tides, and Earth science. {Science from the orbit}: LLR data provide for high-accurate research in gravitational physics including tests of the equivalence principle (EP), search for the time variation of the gravitational constant G, and geodetic precession. The EP test is used for an accurate determination of the Eddington parameter beta. The analysis is sensitive to astronomical parameters such as orbit, masses, and obliquity. The dissipation-caused acceleration in orbital longitude is -25.9 {"/cent}2, dominated by tides on Earth with a 1% lunar contribution. Lunar ephemerides are a product of the LLR analysis used by curr...

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