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2010, Island Studies Journal
The sustainability challenges faced by islands in the European Union (EU) are not well reflected in EU policy, where the approach to island issues has been incremental and fragmented. This paper identifies EU islands and their main sustainability issues, and argues for a stronger awareness of island issues in EU policy processes. It notes in particular the current restrictive definition of islands, which excludes island states, and the fact that the issues of peripherality and insularity do not fit into any of the categories provided in the EU’s impact assessment guidelines. Moreover, since European islands are found at various administrative scales, there is a lack of harmonized statistical data on fundamental factors necessary for monitoring their sustainable development.
Island Studies Journal
From Incremental to Comprehensive: Towards Island-Friendly European Union Policymaking Stefano Moncada European Documentation and Research …2010 •
2009 •
This research was carried out within the framework of the European FP6 project SENSOR, on science-based ex-ante Sustainability Impact Assessment Tools (SIAT) to support decision making on policies related to multifunctional land use in European regions (‘Sustainability Impact Assessment: Tools for Environmental, Social and Economic Effects of Multifunctional Land Use in European Regions’ (SENSOR), Contract Number 003874).
SUMMARY Many EU Member States have islands and insular territories (e.g. archipelagos). Among these islands are several world famous tourist destinations, while they are home to considerable natural and cultural wealth. Certain islands also produce renowned agricultural products and handcrafts. However, islands also face considerable challenges. They may lack adequate transport links with the nearest mainland. Their ecosystems are vulnerable and natural resources are often scarce. Some are small and/or mountainous. Many are located on the periphery of a Member State, or constitute border regions, placing considerable limitations on their potential for economic growth. Islands are usually too small to allow economies of scale. They may lack human capital and possess limited public resources in health, education, research and innovation. More recently, the EU's southern islands have seen a large influx of migrants, whilst lacking the resources needed for their accommodation or integration. In most cases, islands are not self-sufficient in agricultural and industrial products or tertiary-sector services. They are usually reliant on imported fossil fuels and dependent on mainland energy networks. As the majority of products and services have to be transported to islands, prices are considerably higher, adding to the cost of living in insular territories. However, although the state of insularity creates a large number of problems, various studies suggest that islands can become 'lands of opportunities' by investing in their relative strengths. Article 174 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) recognises the special nature of island territories. However, very few concrete EU measures have aimed to support islands to date. Several insular regions and municipalities call for the development of an 'insular dimension' in EU policies, and for EU regional policy to take insularity factors, that affect them disproportionately, into account. They also claim that due to the European Commission's established method of regional funding – based on GDP – certain islands and insular territories are severely penalised.
Islands in the European Union (EU) are very diverse, with many small or very small islands and are recognized as territories facing particular development challenges. In this study, we seek to compare the state and the attractiveness of island administration units in their national and EU context and highlight their divergence in different dimensions, building on existing analysis of the European Commission and of ESPON, using more indicators than the GDP per capita. The assessment is performed with the use of five different indexes: one for the state of development, one for changes during 2000–2006 and three for the attractiveness of islands (direct effects of insularity to attractiveness, indirect effects and natural and cultural potential of islands). Findings for economy demonstrate that islands with better economic performance either specialize in a low added value activity (tourism), or have their GDP “boosted” by exogenous influences (duty free area, oil extraction or the public sector). For attractiveness, most of the islands perform very low and the situation of small islands and archipelagos is worse. Since insularity can be considered as a permanent, natural feature affecting negatively, directly and indirectly, most of the factors that make islands attractive, the need for a territorial policy emerges.
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The report was accepted by the ESPON Monitoring Committee as it demonstrates interesting outputs and observations on the situation and development of the European islands. The report raises awareness of the specificities and diversity of this specific type of territories and takes into consideration the current policy debate related to European Cohesion Policy. The revised version of the Final Report has been considered meeting the minimum demands in contractual terms. However, some case studies raised comments from individual stakeholders involved. Some improvements requested were not implemented to their entire satisfaction as part of the revision of the Final Report. It was felt that the case studies could have been better used and integrated in the analysis, making the report richer, more precise and evidence based, enhancing its narrative.peer-reviewe
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2007 •
REAL CORP 007 Proceedings / Tagungsband Vienna, May 20-23 2007 www.corp.at ISBN: 978-39502139-2-8 (CD-ROM); ISBN: 978-39502139-3-5 (Print) Editors: Manfred SCHRENK, Vasily V. POPOVICH, Josef BENEDIKT 879 Sustainable Development of Greek Islands and European Policy Roido MITOULA, Agisilaos ECONOMOU * Assistant Professor, Harokopio University of Athens (H.U.A.), El.Venizelou 70, 176 71, Athens, Greece,mitoula@hua.gr ** Candidate Phd., National Technical University of Athens (N.T.U.A), Nikaias 18, 17122, Athens, Greece, aghs@mail.ntua.gr
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