Ptolemais, Libya, 2010

Editor-in-chief of the publications of the Institute of Archaeology UW: Kazimierz Lewartowski Światowit Annual of the Institute of Archaeology of the University of Warsaw Editor: Franciszek M. Stępniowski (f.stepniowski@uw.edu.pl) Managing editor: Andrzej Maciałowicz (amacialow@gmail.com) Editorial Council: Wojciech Nowakowski (Chairman) Elżbieta Jastrzębowska Kazimierz Lewartowski Tadeusz Sarnowski Tomasz Scholl Karol Szymczak All rights reserved © 2011 Institute of Archaeology UW ISSN 0082-044X ISBN 978-83-61376-927 Cover design: Joanna Kalita English language consultant: Grzegorz Żabiński Typesetting: Jan Żabko-Potopowicz Printed by: Janusz Bieszczad, Warszawa, ul. Moszczenicka 2 Editorial address: Institute of Archaeology of the University of Warsaw, Krakowskie Przedmieście 26/28, 00-927 Warsaw Contents Spis treści Fascicle A MEdITErrANEAN ANd NoN-EUroPEAN ArChAEoLoGy Fascykuł A ArChEoLoGIA ŚrÓdZIEMNoMorSKA I PoZAEUroPEJSKA EdITorIAL ....................................................................................................................................................................................7 Studies and Materials Jerzy Żelazowski, Monika Rekowska-Ruszkowska, Zofia Kowarska, Szymon Lenarczyk, Krzysztof Chmielewski, Elżbieta Rosłaniec, Piotr Jaworski, Krzysztof Misiewicz, Kazimierz Lewartowski, George Yacoub, Miron Bogacki, Wiesław Małkowski, Zbigniew Polak PoLISh ArChAEoLoGICAL rESEArCh IN PToLEMAIS (LIByA) IN 2007–2009. PrELIMINAry rEPorT (PLS. 1–33) ....................................................................................................................................9 Polskie badania archeologiczne w Ptolemais (Libia) 2007–2009. raport wstępny ......................................................28 Krzysztof Misiewicz NoN-INvASIvE SUrvEy oF ChrISTIAN BASILICAS AT PToLEMAIS – GEoPhySICAL ProSPECTIoN (PLS. 34–51)............................................................................................................31 Nieinwazyjne badania chrześcijańskich bazylik w Ptolemais – prospekcja geofizyczna ................................................37 Jakub Kaniszewski NoN-INvASIvE INvESTIGATIoN oF ThE WESTErN BASILICA AT PToLEMAIS (PLS. 52–57) ................................................................................................................................................41 Nieinwazyjne badania Bazyliki Zachodniej w Ptolemais ......................................................................................................44 Miron Bogacki, Wiesław Małkowski ToPoGrAPhICAL SUrvEy IN ThE ArEA oF TWo ChrISTIAN BUILdINGS oUTSIdE ThE CITy WALLS oF PToLEMAIS (CyrENAICA, LIByA) (PLS. 58–59) ..................................45 Badania topograficzne w obrębie dwóch budowli chrześcijańskich położonych poza murami Ptolemais (Cyrenajka, Libia) ........................................................................................................50 Ewa Wipszycka ThE BASILICAS AT PToLEMAIS: A hISTorIAN’S CoMMENTAry oN ThE rESULTS oF ArChAEoLoGICAL EXPLorATIoN............................................................................51 Kościoły w Ptolemais: komentarz historyka do wyników badań archeologicznych ........................................................67 Тaтяна М. Арсеньева, Томаш Шолль, Марцин Матера, Светлана А. Науменко, Александра Ровиньскa ИсследованИя в Западном городском районе ТанаИса в 2008 г. (раскоп XXv) (PLS. 60–115)..............................................................................................................................................69 Badania w zachodnim, miejskim rejonie Tanais w 2008 roku (wykop XXv) ..................................................................85 Тaтяна М. Арсеньева, Томаш Шолль, Марцин Матера, Светлана А. Науменко, Александра Ровиньскa ИсследованИя в Западном городском районе ТанаИса в 2009 г. (раскоп XXv) (PLS. 116–164)............................................................................................................................................87 Badania w zachodnim, miejskim rejonie Tanais w 2009 roku (wykop XXv)................................................................106 Arkadiusz Sołtysiak ShorT INTrodUCTIoN To ThE BIoArChAEoLoGICAL STUdIES AT TELL BArrI (PL. 165) ......................................................................................................................................................107 Krótkie wprowadzenie do badań bioarcheologicznych na Tell Barri................................................................................112 Dariusz Szeląg TWo ovENS FroM ThE FIrST hALF oF ThE 3rd MILLENNIUM BC AT TELL ArBId. EvIdENCE For GrAIN ProCESSING? (PLS. 166–172) ........................................................................................113 dwa piece z pierwszej połowy III tys. p.n.e. z Tell Arbid. Instalacje do prażenia ziarna? ....................................................................................................................................................120 Nazar Buławka dECorATIvE MoTIFS oF ThE EArLy IroN AGE (yAZ I) PoTTEry IN SoUThErN TUrKMENISTAN..................................................................................................................................121 Motywy dekoracyjne ceramiki wczesnej epoki żelaza (yaz I) w południowym Turkmenistanie ..............................................................................................................................................131 Arkadiusz Sołtysiak ThE GATES oF dUr-ŠArrUKIN....................................................................................................................................133 Bramy dur-Szarrukin ..................................................................................................................................................................137 Agnieszka Tomas rEAdING GENdEr ANd SoCIAL LIFE IN MILITAry SPACES (PLS. 173–175) ........................................139 odczytywanie płci i życia społecznego w przestrzeni wojskowej ......................................................................................152 Elżbieta Jastrzębowska NEW TESTAMENT ANGELS IN EArLy ChrISTIAN ArT : orIGIN ANd SoUrCES (PLS. 176–185) ........................................................................................................................153 Anioły z Nowego Testamentu w sztuce wczesnochrześcijańskiej: pochodzenie i źródła..............................................164 Arkadiusz Sołtysiak, Arnold Lebeuf PohUALLI 1.01. A CoMPUTEr SIMULATIoN oF MESoAMErICAN CALENdAr SySTEMS ..........................................................................................................................................................165 Pohualli 1.01. Komputerowa symulacja mezoamerykańskich kalendarzy ......................................................................167 Chronicle of Excavations Roksana Chowaniec PALAZZoLo ACrEIdE, ANCIENT AcrAe, SICILy, ITALy, 2009–2010 (PLS. 186–187) ..........................169 Palazzolo Acreide, starożytne Acrae, Sycylia, Włochy, 2009–2010 ..................................................................................171 Radosław Karasiewicz-Szczypiorski, Oleg Â. Savelâ IN ThE hEArT oF A roMAN ForT IN CrIMEA. EXCAvATIoNS IN BALAKLAvA (SEvASToPoL, UKrAINE). SEASoN 2009–2010 (PLS. 188–189) ........................................................................173 Wykopaliska fortu rzymskiego w Bałakławie-Kadykovce (Sewastopol, Ukraina). Sezon 2009–2010 ........................................................................................................................................................................175 Тадеуш Сарновски, Людмила А. Ковалевская сельская округа Херсонеса ТаврИческого (крым). усадьба 343 (PLS. 190–192) ..............................................................................................................................................177 Wiejskie terytorium Chersonezu Taurydzkiego (Krym). Farma Nr 343 ........................................................................179 Людмила А. Ковалевская, Тадеуш Сарновски сельская округа Херсонеса ТаврИческого (крым). усадьба 363 (PLS. 193–194) ..............................................................................................................................................181 Wiejskie terytorium Chersonezu Taurydzkiego (Krym). Farma Nr 363 ........................................................................183 Tadeusz Sarnowski, Agnieszka Tomas NovAE. ThE roMAN LEGIoNAry dEFENCES. EXCAvATIoNS oF 2009 ANd 2010 (PLS. 195–196) ..................................................................................................185 Novae. Fortyfikacje obozu. Wykopaliska 2009 i 2010 r. ....................................................................................................186 Tadeusz Sarnowski, Ludmiła A. Kovalevskaja NovAE. hEAdqUArTErS BUILdING oF ThE roMAN LEGIoNAry BASE. EXCAvATIoNS oF 2010 (PLS. 197–198) ........................................................................................................................187 Novae. Budowla komendantury w obozie rzymskiego legionu. Wykopaliska 2010 r. ..................................................189 Martin Lemke FIELdWorK AT NovAE (BULGArIA) IN 2009 ANd 2010 (PLS. 199–201)....................................................191 Badania wykopaliskowe w Novae (Bułgaria) w latach 2009–2010 ..................................................................................194 Zofia Kowarska, Szymon Lenarczyk, Kazimierz Lewartowski, Krzysztof Misiewicz PToLEMAIS, LIByA, 2010 (PLS. 202–203) ......................................................................................................................195 Ptolemais, Libia, 2010 ................................................................................................................................................................197 Tomasz Kowal FIELdWorK AT rISAN, SEASoN 2009–2010 (PLS. 204–207) ..............................................................................199 Badania w risan, sezon 2009–2010 ........................................................................................................................................202 Tomasz Scholl TANAIS – EXCAvATIoNS IN 2010 (PLS. 208–209) ....................................................................................................203 Tanais – wykopaliska sezonu 2010 ..........................................................................................................................................204 Andrzej Niwiński INForMATIoN ABoUT ThE CLIFF MISSIoN AT dEIr EL-BAhArI, EGyPT, IN 2009 (PLS. 210–212)............................................................................................................................................205 Informacja o pracach Misji Skalnej w deir el-Bahari, Egipt, w 2009 r. ............................................................................206 Barbara Kaim ThE FIrST SEASoN oF EXCAvATIoN AT GUrUKLy dEPE, SoUThErN TUrKMENISTAN, 2010 (PLS. 213–215) ..............................................................................................207 Pierwszy sezon wykopalisk na Gurukly depe w południowym Turkmenistanie, 2010 r.............................................208 Marcin Wagner ThE FIrST SEASoN oF EXCAvATIoNS AT ToPAZ GALA dEPE IN ThE SArAKhS oASIS, SoUThErN TUrKMENISTAN (PLS. 216–218) ..........................................................................................................209 Pierwszy sezon wykopalisk na Topaz Gala depe w oazie Sarakhs w południowym Turkmenistanie ..............................................................................................................................................210 PLATES..........................................................................................................................................................................................211 ŚWIAToWIT • vIII (XLIX)/A • 2009–2010 ZoFIA KoWArSKA, SZyMoN LENArCZyK, KAZIMIErZ LEWArToWSKI, KrZySZToF MISIEWICZ PTOLEMAiS, LiBYA, 2010 (PLS. 202–203) Project: Polish Archaeological Mission to Ptolemais, Institute of Archaeology University of Warsaw Project leaders: Kazimierz Lewartowski, George yacoub Archaeological excavation: 3 September – 16 october 2010 Field leaders: Zofia Kowarska, Szymon Lenarczyk; other field research participants: Monika rekowska-ruszkowska, Jerzy Żelazowski Financing: Ministry of Science and higher Education grants, The Foundation for Polish Science grants, SPUB, sponsors Geophysical survey and topography studies: 02.05–02.06.2010, 03.09–23.10.2010 Krzysztof Misiewicz, Wiesław Małkowski, University students – Michał Pisz, Piotr Wroniecki Investigation of basilicas: 02.05–02.06.2010 Ewa Wipszycka and Miron Bogacki, Jakub Kaniszewski (see this volume, pp. 41-67) Ptolemais is a Greek-roman city, one of five cities of Cyrenaica known as Pentapolis. Established probably as a port settlement of the Greek colony of Barca in the late 6th c. BC, it flourished under the Ptolemaic dynasty in the 3rd c. BC. In 74 BC Cyrenaica with the city of Ptolemais became a roman province. Ptolemais enjoyed a period of greatest prosperity in the reign of Trajan until the reign of the Severan dynasty. Starting from the mid-4th c. Ad, as a result of heavy earthquakes and invasions of nomad tribes, the city gradually fell into decline. In 643 Ptolemais was occupied by Arab tribes. It was abandoned for good around the 11th c., with only a small fragment of its area being occupied by the modern town of Tolmeita. The season 2010 covered the following projects: excavations, non-destructive investigation based on geophysical survey; documentation of Early Christian churches, a three weeks’ training in archaeological fieldwork offered to staff members of the Libyan department of Antiquities. of insula E XXI, part of a dwelling complex known as Craftsman’s house or house with Atrium. The focus of exploration was an area bounded by two walls situated along probable boundaries (southern and eastern) of insula EXXI. Excavation was made in two trenches separated by a baulk. A several centimetres thick layer of a compacted “concrete floor” was discovered about 0.3 m below the surface. Parallel 0.15–0.2 m wide irregular depressions were visible in this layer. These were tentatively interpreted as relics of a road which ran through this area in the past (presumably, during the Islamic period). The aim of exploration in the northern trench was to expose a courtyard paved with slabs situated in this area. Its western part was unearthed and documented during the spring campaign of 2007. At the centre of this paved area was a shallow pool – impluvium, decorated with a mosaic in a geometric design (Fig. 1). In the north-eastern corner of the impluvium an inlet to a channel was identified. The channel led under the pavement to a cistern found by the northern boundary of the courtyard. Archaeological excavations The excavations were a continuation of an earlier investigation of insula E XXI, in progress since 2001. research focused on relics of hellenistic structures, ruins of houses from the 2nd–4th c. Ad and traces of production activity from the 4th–6th c. Ad. The main aim of the excavation research of this year’s campaign was to expose the south-eastern portion Exploration of the southern trench was a continuation of an excavation made in 2008. In this area remains of workshop fittings were identified. These show that this part of the investigated house was put to a new use during a later period. on the eastern side of the trench, right next to the trench section, walls of two more rooms were 195 ZoFIA KoWArSKA, SZyMoN LENArCZyK, KAZIMIErZ LEWArToWSKI, KrZySZToF MISIEWICZ foundations, are visible on the maps as narrow linear anomalies in disposition of the intensity of magnetic field. In some cases even exact plans of many buried features could be reconstructed using the input from the magnetic survey. An existence of the original topographical city grid with insulae and streets intersecting at 90 degrees was confirmed in all of the measured fields. detailed plans of preserved features could be reconstructed in the case of shallow buried structures measured with flux gate gradiometers. The survey is to be continued with the aim of preparing a complete map of all the archaeological features preserved inside the city walls. discovered. The floor of one of these turned out to be laid with a mosaic. Works carried out in the south-western corner of the trench led to the discovery of a large rectangular kiln. This structure was built into a corner between two walls from an earlier phase of the building (Fig. 2). In the north-western part of the trench, right next to the baulk, further structures associated with crafts production were discovered. Fragments of walls and of a stone floor, and also a floor-platform laid in hydraulic mortar were documented. By the southern boundary of this surface an inlet to a cistern was discovered. In September 2010 a series of additional exploration works aimed at investigating in closer detail features and structures identified during earlier excavation campaigns. It was intended to complete exploration of a small kiln built into the impluvium of the courtyard r 69 (Fig. 3) and to continue exploration of the fill of a reservoir (or cistern) identified in room r 73. The latter was found to contain another deposit of unfired ceramic mass. Investigation of a fragment of a wall W 21 (Fig. 4) between two small rooms adjacent to the peristyle in the central part of the house of Leukaktios seems to be highly interesting for the chronology of the investigated buildings. Other activities For the first time the Polish Mission organised workshops for Libyan archaeologists – staff members of the Antiquities department in Benghazi. The duration of the training was three weeks, with ten participants who gained skills in small finds documentation and description, site exploration and recording, using the total station, and in mosaics conservation. Mgr Zofia Kowarska Faculty of history University of Warsaw cofijka@op.pl Geophysical survey (Krzysztof Misiewicz) over 70 hectares were investigated with Geometrics G858 cesium magnetometers and Bartington G-602 dual flux-gate gradiometers in the southern part of the city in 2010. The survey was carried out using a detailed grid (profiles 0.5 meters apart and measurement in each 10 cm of the profile). one of the cesium magnetometers was extended and commanded with GPS system helping to locate all measured points with very high precision (3–10 cm). Changes of intensity of the total magnetic field were recorded with an accuracy of 0.001nT. The results of measurements in all surveyed areas (presented as gray scale and color maps of disposition of values of vertical and horizontal pseudo-gradient of the magnetic field) allow to reconstruct the complete city grid and to prepare input for detailed analysis. Street limits, water pipes, remains of building Mgr Szymon Lenarczyk Faculty of history University of Warsaw lenon@op.pl dr hab. prof. UW Kazimierz Lewartowski Institute of Archaeology University of Warsaw klewart@poczta.onet.pl dr hab. Krzysztof Misiewicz Institute of Archaeology University of Warsaw geomis@iaepan.edu.pl 196 PToLEMAIS, LIByA, 2010 Further reading on Polish excavations and ancient town of Ptolemais: T. MIKoCKI, Polskie wykopaliska archeologiczne w Libii. Wykopaliska Instytutu Archeologii Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego w Ptolemais (Tolmeita). Sondaże 2001 r., “Światowit” III (XLIv)/A (2001), 2002, 101–120. T. MIKoCKI, P. JAWorSKI, M. MUSZyńSKA, excavations conducted by the Mission of Institute of Archaeology, Warsaw University in 2002 and 2003. report of two seasons of excavations, “Światowit” v (XLvI)/A (2003), 2004, 107–118. T. MIKoCKI, K. ChMIELEWSKI, P. JAWorSKI, W. MAłKoWSKI, K. MISIEWICZ, M. MUSZyńSKA-MIKoCKA, P. SoBCZyńSKI, J. ŻELAZoWSKI, Ptolemais in Libya. excavations conducted by the Mission Institute of Archaeology, Warsaw University in 2004 and 2005. report on two seasons of excavations, “Światowit” vI (XLvII)/A (2004–2005), 2006, 97–104. T. MIKoCKI, Ptolemais. Archaeological Tourist Guide, Warsaw 2006. E. JASTrZęBoWSKA, M. NIEWÓJT (eds.), Archeologia a Tolemaide. Giornate di studio in occasione del primo anniversario della morte di Tomasz Mikocki, 27–28 maggio 2008, roma 2009. T. MIKoCKI, K. LEWArToWSKI, G. yACoUB ET AL., Polish archaeological research in Ptolemais (cyrenaica) in years 2001-2007, “Libya Antiqua: Annual of the department of Archaeology of Libya” NS v (2010), 99–108. Preliminary excavation reports are available at www.ptolemais.pl ZoFIA KoWArSKA, SZyMoN LENArCZyK, KAZIMIErZ LEWArToWSKI, KrZySZToF MISIEWICZ PTOLEMAIS, LIBIA , 2010 d impluvium na znajdującym się tu dziedzińcu. Przy okazji prowadzono też prace weryfikacyjne przy wcześniej już odkrytych fragmentach domu oraz cysterny lub zbiornika, zawierającego oczyszczoną glinę, przygotowaną dla produkcji naczyń lub lamp. Badania geofizyczne, dzięki nowemu sprzętowi, znacznie nabrały tempa i objęły już swym zasięgiem większą część miasta antycznego. Ujawniły one wiele budowli skrytych pod ziemią, potwierdziły elementy rozplanowania miasta, znane z wcześniejszych badań, np. wielkość insulae czy szerokość ulic. ziałalność Polskiej Misji Archeologicznej w Ptolemais w 2010 roku obejmowała kontynuację prac wykopaliskowych, kontynuację badań geofizycznych i topograficznych miasta antycznego oraz studium bazylik chrześcijańskich (p. str. ), a została uzupełniona zajęciami praktycznymi dla młodych libijskich archeologów, wytypowanych przez departament Starożytności w Bengazi. Prace wykopaliskowe skupione były na odsłonięciu ostatniego, nie badanego jeszcze fragmentu tzw. domu rzemieślnika. Przyniosły one odkrycie kolejnego pieca z fazy użytkowania terenu po zniszczeniu domu oraz płytowane i cementowe posadzki, a także pokryte mozaiką 197 ZoFIA KoWArSKA, SZyMoN LENArCZyK, KAZIMIErZ LEWArToWSKI, KrZySZToF MISIEWICZ PLATE 202 Fig. 1. Fragment of the courtyard paved with slabs (r 68/r 69); at the centre: impluvium laid with a mosaic (Photo Polish Archaeological Mission to Ptolemais). ryc. 1. Fragment dziedzińca z kamiennym płytowaniem (r68/69), w centrum: impluvium z mozaiką. Fig. 2. General view of the southern trench, with a kiln built directly over a rock in the foreground (Photo Polish Archaeological Mission to Ptolemais). ryc. 2. Widok ogólny wykopu południowego, z widocznym na pierwszym planie piecem zbudowanym bezpośrednio na podłożu skalnym. ZoFIA KoWArSKA, SZyMoN LENArCZyK, KAZIMIErZ LEWArToWSKI, KrZySZToF MISIEWICZ PLATE 203 Fig. 3. The kiln in the room r 69 (Photo Polish Archaeological Mission to Ptolemais). ryc. 3. Piec w pomieszczeniu r69. Fig. 4. Fragment of the wall W 21 (Photo Polish Archaeological Mission to Ptolemais). ryc. 4. Fragment muru W 21.