[go: up one dir, main page]

Academia.eduAcademia.edu
ARQUITETURA, CIDADE E PAISAGEM PROJETAR EM CONTEXTO DE CRISE Lisboa | 16 ~ 19 nov | 2021 PENSAR - Volume 1 TÍTULO ARQUITETURA, CIDADE E PAISAGEM: PROJETAR EM CONTEXTO DE CRISE Novos Desafios para o Ensino, a Pesquisa e a Prática da Arquitetura LIVRO DE ARTIGOS EDIÇÃO Jorge Cruz Pinto Hugo Farias Ljiljana Cavic Luís Miguel Ginja CIAUD - CENTRO DE INVESTIGAÇÃO EM ARQUITETURA, URBANISMO E DESIGN FACULDADE DE ARQUITETURA, UNIVERSIDADE DE LISBOA DESIGN GRÁFICO Rafaela Costa IMAGENS Children’s Surgical Hospital in Entebbe, Uganda )RWRJUDˋD&DSD:LOO%RDVH )RWRJUDˋD6HSDUDGRUHV(PPDQXHO0XVHUXNDȟ0DODLND0HGLD Cortesia do Atelier Arquitecto Renzo Piano ISBN: 978-989-53462-0-2 (VWHWUDEDOKR«ˋQDQFLDGRSRUIXQGRVQDFLRQDLVDWUDY«VGD)&7)XQGD©¥RSDUDD&L¬QFLDHD7HFQRORJLD,3 QR¤PELWRGR3URMHWR(VWUDW«JLFRFRPDVUHIHU¬QFLDV8,'%H8,'3 CARTOGRAFIAS DO COMUM: AS COMUNIDADES FUNDO DE PASTO BRUTEIRO E TRAÍRA PAMPLONA, Lis Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, 0000-0001-5847-9016 OLVSDPSORQD#IDXXIUMEU RESUMO 1D SHUVSHFWLYD GH HVWDEHOHFHU HOHPHQWRV GH DERUGDJHP SDUD XP SRVV¯YHO FK¥R FRPXPHVVHDUWLJRDSUHVHQWDU£RFDVRGDFRPXQLGDGHWUDGLFLRQDOGHIXQGRGHSDVWR GH%UXWHLURH7UD¯UDGRPXQLF¯SLRGH-DJXDUDULQD%DKLD%UDVLO$SDUWLUGHVVHUHFRUWH VHU¥RGLVFXWLGRVRVDJHQFLDPHQWRVGDVSURSULHGDGHVFROHWLYDVGHVVDUHJL¥RVHXKLVWµULFRHFDUDFWHU¯VWLFDVVRFLDLVFXOWXUDLVHHFROµJLFDVFRPRLQWXLWRGHDSUR[LP£ORV GDVGLVFXVV·HVHOHLWXUDVTXHDWUDYHVVDPRGHEDWHFRQWHPSRU¤QHRDFHUFDGRFRPXP 'HVVHPRGRRHVWXGRGHVVHVWHUULWµULRVGHIXQGRGHSDVWRUHEDWHGLUHWDPHQWHQR SHQVDULGHQWLGDGHVFDUWRJUDˋDVSDLVDJHQVHPHWRGRORJLDVSDUDFRQVWUXLUHKDELWDU GHIRUPDLQWHJUDGDFRPRPHLRDPELHQWHDSDUWLUGHVHXVOLPLWHVUHDLV$DQ£OLVHGH GXDVFRPXQLGDGHVIXQGRGHSDVWRQRVHPL£ULGREDLDQRSHUPLWHXPHQWHQGLPHQWR PDLVDPSORGRGHVHQYROYLPHQWRGHPLFURVVLVWHPDVGHRFXSD©¥RKXPDQDTXHFRQYLYHP HP KDUPRQLD FRP D FDDWLQJD H VHX FOLPD VHYHUR FRQˋJXUDQGR £UHDV RQGH SURMHWRVGHHFRQRPLDVH[WUDWLYLVWDVFRPRPLQHUDGRUDVHDˋQVWLYHUDPPDLVGLˋFXOGDGHGHSURVSHUDU2DUWLJRSUHWHQGHSHUFRUUHUHVVDVTXHVW·HVDSDUWLUGRSUREOHPD GD UHSUHVHQWD©¥R FDUWRJU£ˋFD H LPDJ«WLFD GHVVHV WHUULWµULRV SRQWR IXQGDPHQWDO TXHDSUR[LPDDJHRJUDˋDGRSHQVDPHQWRDUTXLWHW¶QLFRXUEDQ¯VWLFR3RUˋPHVVD SHVTXLVDVHGHVHQYROYHXQR¤PELWRGDGLVFLSOLQDȤ7µSLFRV(VSHFLDLVHP7HRULD+LVWµULDH&U¯WLFDGD$UWHHGD$UTXLWHWXUDȥPLQLVWUDGDSHODSURIHVVRUD$QD/XL]D1REUH QR3URJUDPDGH3µV*UDGXD©¥RHP$UTXLWHWXUDGR'HSDUWDPHQWRGH$UTXLWHWXUDH 8UEDQLVPRGD38&5LRQRVHJXQGRVHPHVWUHGHRQGHRHVWXGRVREUHIXQGRV GHSDVWRVFRQˋJXURXXPGRVHOHPHQWRVGRVHXSURMHWRȤ$WODVGR&K¥Rȥ PALAVRAS CHAVE )XQGRGHSDVWR&RPXP&DUWRJUDˋDV INTRODUÇÃO: TERRAE INCOGNITAE +£RPDSDDQWHVGDRFXSD©¥RGRFK¥RDUDGRHDQWHVGDWHUUDVHFDRXPROKDGDVHU EHU©R GRV QRYRV SDVVRV H FRQVWUX©·HV $V FDUWRJUDˋDV GRV FRQˋQV GR PXQGR TXH ID]HPSDUWHGHFROH©·HVHDWODVGRVV«FXORV;9,H;9,,Q¥RV¥RRLQ¯FLRGHVVDVWHUUDVRUDGHVHQKDGDVPDVFHUWDPHQWHDIRQWHHRIUXWRGHXPPRGRGHVHUHRFXSDU XPWHUULWµULRDQWHVGHVFRQKHFLGRDRVHXURSHXV2PDSD7HUUD%UDVLOLVDVVLP FRPRPXLWRVRXWURVGHOLQHLDDIDQWDVLDGRFRORQL]DGRUDLGHLDGHTXHK£XPJUDQGH SHGD©R GH WHUUD LQFµJQLWD FXMD PDW«ULD Q¥R « Vµ GHVFRQKHFLGD PDV TXH GHYH VHU H[SORUDGD RFXSDGD LQYHQWDGD DW« TXH SRU ˋP HPHUMD FRPR SDUWH GH XP QRYR FRQKHFLPHQWRGHXPDUD]¥RLPSRVWDFRPVHUHVHFRLVDVLGHQWLˋF£YHLV 517 Livro de Artigos FIGURA 1 0DSD7HUUD%UDVLOLV/RSR+RPHP  $LQGDKRMHQRVPDSDVQDIURQWHLUDHQWUHGRLVSRQWRVTXHVHFRQKHFHGR%UDVLOFRQWLQXDPDH[LVWLU]RQDVGHLQFµJQLWD1¥RV¥R£UHDVGHVFRQKHFLGDVPDVFRQWLQXDPD VHUHIHULUDXPYD]LRRXEUHFKDGRPDSDDVHURFXSDGR(VVDV£UHDVTXHQ¥Rˋ]HUDP SDUWH GR LQWHUHVVH LPHGLDWR GH RFXSD©¥R H[SORUDWµULD SHUPDQHFHUDP SRU V«FXORV VHQGRRFK¥RGHSHVVRDVGHGLIHUHQWHVRULJHQVDVTXDLVVRXEHUDPFXOWLYDUVXDVYLGDV HWHUUDVHPFRQYLY¬QFLDFRPRFOLPDDYHJHWD©¥RRVˌX[RVGH£JXDRVDQLPDLVH VHXVYL]LQKRVKXPDQRV+RMHQDSDUWHDLQGDLQFµJQLWDGRPDSD%UDVLOHVW£RVHPL£ULGREDLDQRUHFHQWHPHQWHUHGHVFREHUWRSHODVJUDQGHVPLQHUDGRUDVTXHDJRUDGHVHQKDPQRYRVOHYDQWDPHQWRVWRSRJU£ˋFRVQRYRVFRQWRUQRVGHWHUUDVHGRFXPHQWRV IXQGL£ULRVFRPRDWR UH LQDXJXUDOGRWHUULWµULR 3RUVXDYH]RVHPL£ULGREDLDQR«XPGRVVHPL£ULGRVPDLVSRSXORVRVGRPXQGR 2VGDGRVPDLVUHFHQWHVGR,%*(  PRVWUDPTXHRHVWDGRGD%DKLDUHSUHVHQWD  GD SRSXOD©¥R QDFLRQDO VHQGR PDLV GH ~ GHVVD SRUFHQWDJHP KDELWDQWHV GR FDPSR6HJXQGRRPHVPROHYDQWDPHQWRGR,%*(HDQ£OLVHFRPSDUDWLYDGRVGDGRV GR JUXSR *HRJUDIDU GD 8QLYHUVLGDGH )HGHUDO GD %DKLD D FRQFHQWUD©¥R GH WHUUDV SHOD$JULFXOWXUD1¥R)DPLOLDUYHPFUHVFHQGRQRHQWDQWRRVDJULFXOWRUHVIDPLOLDUHV DLQGDUHSUHVHQWDPȤGHWRGRRSHVVRDORFXSDGRQRFDPSREDLDQRȥ *HRJUDIDU S 2SHGD©RGHȤWHUUDHLQFRJQLWDHȥGR%UDVLOHVVHFK¥RVHFRH£ULGRTXHIRL GHVWLQDGRHSUHVHUYDGRSRUDQRVDRHVTXHFLPHQWRSHORVSURMHWRVHFRQ¶PLFRVGRSD¯V «KDELWDGRKRMHSRUSDUWHGDVRFXSD©·HVQRHVWDGRTXHVRPDPPDLVGHTXLORPERODVWHUUDVGHSRYRVLQG¯JHQDVSURMHWRVGHDVVHQWDPHQWRVGHUHIRUPD DJU£ULD  DFDPSDPHQWRV GH WUDEDOKDGRUHV UXUDLV  FRO¶QLDV GH SHVFDGRUHV H PDLVGHFRPXQLGDGHVGH)XQGRGH3DVWRHVVHV¼OWLPRVVRPDQGRPDLVGH IDP¯OLDV *HRJUDIDU  7RGDHVVDFRPSOH[LGDGHGRWHUULWµULREDLDQRFDPLQKDMXQWRFRPRELRPDEUDVLOHLUR¼QLFRQRPXQGRGDFDDWLQJDRXȤPDWDEUDQFDȥVHJXQGRRVDQWLJRVKDELWDQWHVLQG¯JHQDV2VFLFORVGHYLGDGDVSODQWDVGDFDDWLQJDVHFDUDFWHUL]DPSRUVHUHP FXUWRVHDSUHVHQWDUHPDP£[LPDDGDSWD©¥RSRVV¯YHODRVHIHLWRVDVVRFLDGRVDDOWDV 518 10.º PROJETAR | Arquitetura, Cidade e Paisagem · Projetar em Contexto de Crise WHPSHUDWXUDVHHVFDVVH]K¯GULFD$VFRQGL©·HVHVWUHVVDQWHVVREDVTXDLVYLYHPDQLPDLV SODQWDV H VROR V¥R SRUWDQWR IDWRU GHWHUPLQDQWH SDUD RV VLVWHPDV KXPDQRV GHH[LVW¬QFLDHFRQYLY¬QFLDFRPRVHPL£ULGRVHQGRDOJRTXHUHYHUEHUDIRUWHPHQWH QRVPRGRVGHRFXSDURVWHUULWµULRVHIRUPDUFRPXQLGDGHV/RJRQHVVHFRPSOH[R HFROµJLFR D H[LVW¬QFLD H VREUHYLY¬QFLD GHVVHV VLVWHPDV KXPDQRVQ¥R KXPDQRV FRQˋJXUDPWDQWRDKLVWµULDGHOXWDVHRFXSD©·HVGRLQWHULRUGR%UDVLOFRPRKRMH UHHPHUJHPFRPRGLVVHQVRVGDOµJLFDSURGXWLYLVWDQDFLRQDO 1HVVD PXOWLSOLFLGDGH GH RFXSD©·HV H PRGRV GH YLGD QR QRUGHVWH EUDVLOHLUR HYLGHQFLDVH HQW¥R D SRVVLELOLGDGH GH SHUFRUUHU VXEMHWLYLGDGHV UHOD©·HV VRFLDLV H DPELHQWDLVTXHSURSRUFLRQHPRXWURVPXQGRVSRVV¯YHLVGHH[LVW¬QFLDGHRFXSD©¥R HXVRGDWHUUDFRPRXPQRYRWLSRGHLQFµJQLWDXPWLSRTXHVHUHIHUHDRPRYLPHQWR HUHLQYHQ©¥RFRQVWDQWH1¥RK£PDSDSRVV¯YHOTXHGLYLGRHPVHXVTXDWURHL[RVG¬ FRQWDGHVVHGHVFRQKHFHUHGHVFREULUVHPˋP0DVK£SURFHVVRVGHPDSHDUGHVHU D©¥RFULDWLYDQRGHVFRQKHFHUFDUWRJUDˋDVGHGLVWLQWRVPRYLPHQWRVRQGHWXGR«R TXHDLQGDQ¥RVHVDEHHRTXH«Q¥RVHSRGHSUHHQFKHU (VVHDUWLJRLU£GHVFRQKHFHUXPGHVVHVFDVRVGHRFXSD©¥RVLQJXODUDFRPXQLGDGH WUDGLFLRQDOGHIXQGRGHSDVWRGH%UXWHLURH7UD¯UDQRPXQLF¯SLRGH-DJXDUDUL%DKLD FIGURA 2 3URSRVWDGHFDUWRJUDˋDFULDGD a partir de pesquisa desenvolvida HPGLVFLSOLQDGDSµVJUDGXD©¥R FRPDSURIHVVRUD$QD/XL]D1REUH 1HVVHGHVHQKRIRUDPHVWXGDGDV DVFDPDGDVGHFK¥RTXHY¥R GDVXSHUI¯FLHDRVXEVRORFRPH©DQGR pelo centro ocupado pela vista aérea GRWHUULWµULRHVHXVSULQFLSDLV DJHQWHV$FHUYRGDDXWRUD TERRA COMUM, TERRA SOLTA 2LQWHUHVVHSULPHLURHPLQYHVWLJDUXPFDVRGHIXQGRGHSDVWRQD%DKLDHVW£UHODFLRQDGR¢VDSUR[LPD©·HVSRVV¯YHLVDRWHPDGRVEHQVFRPXQV &RPPRQV QRTXHVH UHIHUHWDQWRDXPDUHVSRVWD¢FULVHDPELHQWDOSODQHW£ULD¢GLPHQV¥RHFRQ¶PLFDGH DOWHUQDWLYDV¢JHVW¥RSULYDGDVREUHLQWHUHVVHVFRPXQVDVVLPFRPRDFRPSUHHQV¥R KLVWµULFDGRVUHJLPHVGHSURSULHGDGH +HVSDQKDS $HVVHLQWHUHVVHVH GHVGREUDRSUµSULRFRQFHLWRGHFRPXPFRPRVXJHULGRSRU3LHUUH'DUGRWH&KULVWLDQ /DYDO SRU PHLR GR TXDO WHQVLRQDP R HQWHQGLPHQWR RUGLQ£ULR VREUH R WHUPR SDUD DO«P GR SURFHVVR KLVWµULFR TXH UHVXOWRX QD UHLˋFD©¥R GR FRPXP HQTXDQWR FRLVDRXEHPTXHSRGHVHUSRVVX¯GRHGLYLGLGR3DUDHOHVȤYLYHUMXQWRVȥQ¥R«FRPR 519 Livro de Artigos QRFDVRGRJDGRȤSDVWDUMXQWRVQRPHVPROXJDUȥDVVLPFRPRQ¥R«SRUWXGRFRPXP PDV«ȤS¶UHPFRPXPSDODYUDVHSHQVDPHQWRVȥ 'DUGRWH/DYDOS  (QTXDQWR SHUWHQFLPHQWR TXH GHSHQGH GH XPD DWLYLGDGH RX D©¥R GH S¶U HP FRPXPRVȤFRPPRQVȥID]HPUHHPHUJLUGDVXSHUI¯FLHDVGLVFXVV·HVVREUHRVFDPLQKRVGDKXPDQLGDGHGDVFLGDGHVFDPSRVHGDVSRO¯WLFDVJOREDLV1RHQWDQWRVHSRU XPODGRRVDXWRUHVGHVSHUWDPGLVFXVV·HVVREUHD©·HVFROHWLYDVTXHLQGHSHQGHPGRV VXMHLWRV H GH VHXV FRQWH[WRV SRU RXWUR « SRVV¯YHO TXH R FRPXP SRVVD VHU SHUFRUULGR HQWHQGHQGR FRPSOH[LGDGHV HVSHF¯ˋFDV GH LQWHUD©·HV VRFLDLV H DPELHQWDLV GH XPFDVRSDUWLFXODU FIGURA 3 ,PDJHQVGHVDW«OLWHGRVIXQGRV GHSDVWR*RRJOH(DUWK (PYLVWDGLVVRDVFRPXQLGDGHVWUDGLFLRQDLVGHIXQGRGHSDVWRGD%DKLDDSUHVHQWDP XP KLVWµULFR GH RFXSD©¥R FROHWLYD TXH FRPR M£ H[SRVWR QD LQWURGX©¥R HVW£ UHODFLRQDGDLQWLPDPHQWH¢SUµSULDKLVWµULDGDFRORQL]D©¥RGR%UDVLOHDUHSUHVHQWD©¥R GH VHX WHUULWµULR M£ TXH HVVDV FRPXQLGDGHV GHULYDUDP GLUHWDPHQWH GR VLVWHPD GH VHVPDULDVTXHSRUPXLWRVDQRVIRLRVLVWHPDRˋFLDOGHFRQWUROHGRWHUULWµULRSHOR LPS«ULRSRUWXJX¬V3DUDGR[DOPHQWHQDVHQWUDQKDVGRSURMHWRRULJLQDOGHFRO¶QLDVH HVWDEHOHFHUDPFRPXQLGDGHVTXHIRUDPVHFRQVWLWXLQGR¢SDUWHGHVVHDEVROXWR $VWHUUDVVROWDVQRPHFRPXPHQWHGDGRDRV)XQGRVGH3DVWRUHPHWHP¢VOLQKDV DUELWU£ULDVTXHIDWLDUDPRSD¯VHP&DSLWDQLDV+HUHGLW£ULDVM£QRDQR1RHQWDQWR DVIDWLDVHQRUPHVGHWHUUDORJRVHHYLGHQFLDUDPXPIUDFDVVRGHRFXSD©¥RSHOR,PS«ULRTXHSRUVXDYH]LQFUHPHQWRXQR%UDVLORVLVWHPDGHVHVPDULDVTXHIXQFLRQRX HP3RUWXJDOFRPRVROX©¥RSDUDRFXOWLYRGHWHUUDVRFLRVDVPDVTXHQDVXDSULQFLSDO FRO¶QLDIRLLQVWUXPHQWRTXHȤVHWUDQVIRUPRXQDEDVHSDUDDFRQVROLGD©¥RGRODWLI¼QGLRQRVHUW¥REUDVLOHLURȥ 0DUTXHVS  $ IRUPD©¥R GH WHUUDV GH XVR FRPXP QR VHPL£ULGR EUDVLOHLUR QDVFH D SDUWLU GD FULD©¥RGHJDGRVROWRFRPRHVWUDW«JLDGHRFXSD©¥RGHSRXFRLQYHVWLPHQWRSDUD£UHDV W¥RJUDQGHVQDFDDWLQJD1DURWLQDGHVVDVID]HQGDVRVSURSULHW£ULRVQ¥RWLQKDPFRQ- 520 10.º PROJETAR | Arquitetura, Cidade e Paisagem · Projetar em Contexto de Crise Y¯YLRGL£ULRFRPDSURGX©¥RHSRULVVRGHOHJDYDPDRYDTXHLURRFRQWUROHGRUHEDQKR HGDVWHUUDVRQGHRSDVWRQ¥RDSUHVHQWDYDTXDOTXHUWLSRGHFHUFDPHQWRFRQˋJXUDQGRWDQWRDFRQFHQWUD©¥RFRPRDLPSUHFLV¥RGRVOLPLWHVIXQGL£ULRV 6DERXULQHW DODSXG0DUTXHV  /RJR D SDUWLU WDQWR GDV RFXSD©·HV SRU YDTXHLURV FRPR GHVVDV LPSUHFLV·HV GH OLPLWHVIXQGL£ULRVDOJXPDVFRPXQLGDGHVIRUDPVHIRUPDQGRSRUEUHFKDVMXU¯GLFDV HDGPLQLVWUDWLYDVGHJUDQGHVWHUULWµULRVRQGHPXLWDVYH]HVRGRQRGDYDFRQFHVV·HV GHXVRFRPRSDJDPHQWRDVHXVYDTXHLURVTXHSHUPDQHFLDPVREDFXOWXUDGHSDVWRV FRPSDUWLOKDGRVQRVIXQGRVGDVFDVDV FIGURA 4 )RWRJUDˋDGD£UHDGHSDVWROLYUHGH Bruteiro, foto de Adriana Oliva FHGLGDDRDFHUYRGDDXWRUD $VWUDQVL©·HVGDVRFXSD©·HVGHVLVWHPDGHWHUUDVROWDWDPE«PW¬PFRPRPDUFRR YD]LRQRUPDWLYRTXHRFRUUHXHQWUHRˋPGDVVHVPDULDV  HDFULD©¥RGD/HLGH 7HUUDV   TXDQGR D IUDJPHQWD©¥R GDV JUDQGHV FDVDV GH ID]HQGD UHVXOWDGD GH KHUDQ©DVGRD©·HVFRPSUDRXRXWURVW¯WXORVFRQˋJXURXPDLVXPDYH]DLPSUHFLV¥R GDVDQWLJDVGLYLVDV1RHQWDQWRQ¥RIRUDPVRPHQWHQDVGLYLVDVHQWUHVHVPDULDVTXH VH FRQVROLGDUDP DV £UHDV GH XVR FRPXP )DWR HUD TXH R VLVWHPD GH VHVPDULDV VH VREUHSXQKDPDVQ¥RHOLPLQDYDDVSU£WLFDVH[LVWHQWHVSRURXWURVJUXSRVVRFLDLVTXH KDELWDYDPDUHJL¥R 6HJXQGR/H¶QLGDVGH6DQWDQD0DUTXHV  DVRULJHQVFXOWXUDLVDLQGDSRGHP ser divididas entre as ibéricas, através da cultura dos baldios portugueses e espaQKµLV H DV Q¥R HXURSHLDV SULQFLSDOPHQWH DV LQG¯JHQDV H GH PDWUL] DIULFDQD TXH ˋ]HUDPSDUWHGRSURFHVVRGHIRUPD©¥RSRSXODFLRQDOHFRODERUDUDPFRPRWUD©RGH VROLGDULHGDGHGHVVDVFRPXQLGDGHVYLVWRTXHDSURSULHGDGHSULYDGDHUDHVWUDQKD¢V PHVPDV -XQWRDHVVDKLVWµULDGHPXLWDVWUDPDVEDVWDFRORFDURTXHSRUˋPDSUR[LPDPDLV YHUGDGHLUDPHQWH R HVWXGR VREUH RV IXQGRV GH SDVWR GD SUREOHP£WLFD GR &RPXP HQTXDQWRS¶UHPFRPXPSDODYUDVHSHQVDPHQWRV$FRQWHFHTXHRSUµSULRWHUPR )XQGRGH3DVWRQ¥RVXUJHQDWXUDOPHQWHGHVVDVFRPXQLGDGHVTXHWLQKDPRHQWHQGLPHQWR GH VL PHVPDV FRPRID]HQGD WHUUD VROWDRX Vµ VROWD HQWUH RXWURV QRPHV PDVIRLDUWLFXODGRSRUXPDQHFHVVLGDGHLQVWLWXFLRQDOGHGHOLPLWDUVXDV£UHDVHSRGHU 521 Livro de Artigos HQTXDGU£ODVHPPHGLGDVSURWHWLYDVGRJRYHUQR(VVDSDVVDJHPGHQRPHQFODWXUDVH IH]MXQWR¢VOLGHUDQ©DVGHYDULDGDVUHJL·HVHPPHLRDPXLWDVOXWDVHSHUGDVGHYLGDV HDSDUWLUGDG«FDGDGHSDVVDUDPDFRQWDUFRPDPRELOL]D©¥RGH21*VD3DVWRUDOGD7HUUDHDVVRFLD©·HVFDPSHVLQDVGLYHUVDVSDUDVHRUJDQL]DUHPHSURWHJHUHP $ DXWRFRQVFL¬QFLD GH VHUHP SDUWH GH JUXSRV VLQJXODUHV H YLWLPDGRV SHODV SUHVV·HV GH JULOHLURV JUDQGHV ID]HQGHLURV H PLQHUDGRUDV QR PRPHQWR HP TXH VH GHVSHUWRXDRSRUWXQLGDGHGHH[SURSULDUWHUUDVGHHQWHVYXOQHU£YHLVIH]HPHUJLUGDWHUUD VROWDHFROHWLYDDSDODYUDHRSHQVDPHQWRFRPXP BRUTEIRO E TRAÍRA %UXWHLUR H 7UD¯UD SHUWHQFHP DR 7HUULWµULR GH ,GHQWLGDGH 3LHPRQWH 1RUWH GR ,WDSLFXUXQRHVWDGRGD%DKLDH6HPL£ULGR%UDVLOHLUR3DUDDJHRJUDˋDSULQFLSDOFDPSRGH SHVTXLVDVREUHRVIXQGRVGHSDVWRGD%DKLDDGHˋQL©¥RGHVVDORFDOLGDGHVHG£FRPR 7HUULWµULR7UDGLFLRQDOGH)XQGRGH3DVWR(VVHFDVRHVSHFLˋFDPHQWHHVW£ORFDOL]DGR QR0XQLF¯SLRGH-DJXDUDULH«FRPSRVWRSHODVFRPXQLGDGHVGH%UXWHLUR,SXHLUDGRV %UDQG·HV7UD¯UD,SXHLUD*UDQGH3R©RV&DUUR4XHEUDGR0RFµH5LDFKRGR0RFµ %UXWHLUR H 7UD¯UD V¥R DV PDLRUHV FRQFHQWUD©·HV KXPDQDV FRQˋJXUDQGR FDGD XPD HQWUHIDP¯OLDVTXHHQW¥RVHVRPDPDHVVDVFRPXQLGDGHVPHQRUHVFDGDXPD HP WRUQR GH  IDP¯OLDV TXH FRPSDUWLOKDP R PHVPR SDVWR H DJXDGDV 1R HQWDQWR FRQVLGHUDQGR DV IDP¯OLDV TXH Q¥R PRUDP PDLV GHQWUR GDV FRPXQLGDGHV PDV TXH DLQGDV¥RˋOLDGDVDVVXDVDVVRFLD©·HVSRUWHUHPVHXVˋOKRVRXSDUHQWHVPRUDQGRO£ VRPDPVHDW«IDP¯OLDVDSHQDVHP%UXWHLUR 6HJXQGRRPRUDGRUHDJHQWHGHVD¼GH5D\PXQGRQ¥RV¥RDLQGDWRGRVRVKDELWDQWHV TXH SDUWLFLSDP GD $VVRFLD©¥R GH )XQGR GH 3DVWR GH %UXWHLUR H 7UD¯UD 1R HQWDQWR DV GHFLV·HV GH DVVHPEOHLD V¥R WRPDGDV HP GLUH©¥R ¢V SU£WLFDV JHUDLV GD FRPXQLGDGHFRPRSRUH[HPSORPHGL©¥RGDV£UHDVFROHWLYDVGHWHUPLQD©¥RGHQ¥R H[SDQV¥RGRVTXLQWDLVFHUFDGRVSXQL©·HVLQWHUQDVSDUDDQ¥RREHGL¬QFLDGRVDFRUGRVDO«PGHRXWUDVGHPDQGDVGHLQWHUHVVHFRPXP (PUHOD©¥R¢H[WHQV¥RGHVVHVWHUULWµULRVK£DPHGL©¥RIHLWDSHOD&'$ &RRUGHQD©¥RGH'HVHQYROYLPHQWR$JU£ULR GD6HFUHWDULDGH'HVHQYROYLPHQWR5XUDOGR(VWDGR GD%DKLDTXHGHOLPLWRXFRPRIDL[DGHWHUUDVROWDGH7UD¯UD0RFµH,SXHLUD*UDQGH FRPR VHQGR  KHFWDUHV H %UXWHLUR H ,SXHLUD GRV %UDQG·HV FRP  KHFWDUHV (VVDGHOLPLWD©¥R«LQWHUHVVDQWHSDUDDFRPSUHHQV¥RGRWDPDQKRGHVVHVIXQGRVGH SDVWR0DVDRSDVVRTXHSDUHFHQDWXUDOVDEHUDGLPHQV¥RGDVFRLVDVSDUDGHIDWR HQWHQG¬ODV QRYDPHQWH R PDSD TXH UHFRUWD H GLWD RV OLPLWHV HQWUH £UHDV TXH VH FRQVLGHUDPXPDVµDFDEDIDWLDQGRRVWHUULWµULRVFROHWLYRVTXHID]HPSDUWHGHXP PHVPRDJHQFLDPHQWRFRPXQLW£ULRRTXHSRUFRQVHTX¬QFLDHVWLPXODRFHUFDPHQWR 6HJXQGRDSHVTXLVDGRUDGDUHJL¥R$GULDQD2O¯YLD6LOYD  RVUHODWRVGRVPRUDGRUHV DSRQWDP FRQˌLWRV RFDVLRQDGRV SHOD WHQWDWLYD JRYHUQDPHQWDO GH GDU W¯WXORV LQGLYLGXDLVGHDFRUGRFRPRPDSHDPHQWRGHVVDV£UHDVSURYRFDQGRDOµJLFDGHPHUFDGRDSDUWLUGRSUHWH[WRGHSUHVHUYD©¥RGRVVHXVGLUHLWRVHQTXDQWRSURSULHW£ULRV 522 10.º PROJETAR | Arquitetura, Cidade e Paisagem · Projetar em Contexto de Crise $ OXWD GDV DVVRFLD©·HV SRU RXWUR ODGR « SRU W¯WXORV FROHWLYRV TXH UHIRUFHP D WHUUDHDVDWLYLGDGHVFRPXQVFRQWUDDSRO¯WLFDGHFHUFDPHQWRVLQIHOL]PHQWHDOJR TXHDLQGDQ¥RREWLYHUDP77 ,VVRSRVWRYLVWRTXHDOXWDHDFRPSUHHQV¥RGRVSUµSULRVKDELWDQWHVVHPRELOL]DPHPWRUQRGDJHVW¥RFRPSDUWLOKDGDHDWLYLGDGHVFROHWLYDVTXDODLPSRUW¤QFLDH RTXHVLJQLˋFDDGLQ¤PLFDGRSDVWRFRPXPFRPRFULD©¥RGHXPFK¥RFRPXP"&RPR LVVRPRELOL]DXPPRGRGHYLGDRQGHRQ¥RFHUFDPHQWRGDWHUUDGL]UHVSHLWRDXP HQWHQGLPHQWRGHYLYHUHPWURFDFRPRDPELHQWHHXPFRQKHFHUPXQGRFRPSDUWLOKDGR"4XDLVHOHPHQWRVFRQˋJXUDPHVVHVHVSD©RV"&RPRLQFOX¯ORVQXPDOHLWXUD GHWHUULWµULRTXHFRQWHPSOHVXDFRPSOH[LGDGHSDUDDO«PGHFDUWRJUDˋDVGHGLYLVDV" +£XPDHVWUXWXUDHVSHF¯ˋFDQDRUJDQL]D©¥RGHFDGDORFDOLGDGH2HVSD©RLQGLYLGXDOGHXVRGHFDGDIDP¯OLD«FRQVWLWX¯GRSHODUHVLG¬QFLDSHTXHQRVUR©DGRVFKLTXHLURV WDQTXHV FLVWHUQD GH FRQVXPR KXPDQR 4XDQWR ¢ HVWUXWXUD GH XVR FROHWLYR VXD FRPSRVL©¥R HQYROYH DV PDWDV GDV WHUUDV VROWDV FXMD YHJHWD©¥R VHUYH GH DOLPHQWRSDUDDFULD©¥RGRVDQLPDLVFRPRFLWDRO¯GHUFRPXQLW£ULR*DYL¥R  ȥ RVHVSD©RVGHUHIULJ«ULRȥRQGHVHWHPFDFLPEDVFXMDV£JXDVQDPDLRULDGDVYH]HV IRUDP GHVFREHUWDV SRU XP YHGRU EHEHGRXURV SDUD RV DQLPDLV SR©RV DUWHVLDQRV DJXDGDVEDUUDJHQVEDUUHLURVEDUUHLURGHWULQFKHLUD2XVHMDHVVHHVSD©RFROHWLYR FRQˋJXUDVHWDPE«PFRPRHVSD©RFROHWLYRGDV£JXDVHGDSURGX©¥R $OJXQVGHVWHVHOHPHQWRVPDWHULDLVFRPRDJXDGDVWDQTXHVFDFLPEDVEHEHGRXURVV¥RFRQVWLWX¯GRVGHLPDWHULDOLGDGHVPDLVOLJDGDVDXPDRUJDQL]D©¥RDSUHQGLGD GRV DQFHVWUDLV 1HVVH VHQWLGR TXDQGR RV PRUDGRUHV PRVWUDYDP DV FDFLPEDV D PDLRULDDˋUPDYDTXHHVWDVM£HVWDYDPO£TXDQGRHOHVFKHJDUDPK£TXDVHXPV«FXOR 2XWURHOHPHQWRTXHUHPHWHDRSDVVDGR«DORFDOL]D©¥RGHVWDV£JXDVSRULQWHUP«GLR GHXPYHGRUTXHDLQGD«DIRUPDPDLVFRQˋ£YHOSDUDVHFDYDUXPDFDFLPED2XWURV SURY¬PGDVLQWHUYHQ©·HVGHPRYLPHQWRVVRFLDLVFRPRFLVWHUQDGHSODFDVSDUDFRQVXPR KXPDQR   FLVWHUQDV GH SURGX©¥R EDUUHLURV GH WULQFKHLUDV   EDUUDJHP VXEWHUU¤QHD  HDLQGDRXWURVRULXQGRVGHLQWHUYHQ©·HVJRYHUQDPHQWDLVFRPRDV EDUUDJHQVHRVSR©RVDUWHVLDQRV 6LOYDS  1R7HUULWµULR7UDGLFLRQDOGH)XQGRGH3DVWRGH%UXWHLURH7UD¯UDDSULQFLSDOFULD©¥RGHDQLPDLV«GHFDEUDVHJDOLQKDV$VFDVDVV¥RSHTXHQDVGHDOYHQDULDVLPSOHV VHPYDUDQGD3Uµ[LPRDHODVH[LVWHPSHTXHQDV£UHDVFHUFDGDVFRPWURQFRVˋQRV GH £UYRUHV TXH GHOLPLWDP R TXLQWDO GH FDGD FDVD FRP DV KRUWDV GH FRQVXPR SUµSULR1HVVHVTXLQWDLVDLQGDVHSODQWDD3DOPDTXHJXDUGDQRVHXIUXWRD£JXDTXH UHIULJHUDRVDQLPDLVHPWHPSRVGHVHFD2XPEXWDPE«P«PXLWRFRPXPDRUHGRU GRV TXLQWDLV H VHXV IUXWRV WDPE«P V¥R YROWDGRV SDUD D DOLPHQWD©¥R GRV DQLPDLV $RUHGRUGHVVHVSHTXHQRVQ¼FOHRVGHFDVDTXLQWDODEUHVHXPLPHQVRFDPSRGH £UYRUHVWRUWXRVDVTXHQDPDLRUSDUWHGRDQRDSUHVHQWDPWRQVGHPDGHLUDVHFDH DUJLOD([LVWHPSHTXHQDVDJXDGDVSULQFLSDOPHQWHSHUWRGH%UXWHLURHH[LVWHPDV FDFLPEDVOLJDGDV¢ˋJXUDGRYHGRU SHVVRDTXHY¬HPDUFDRVSRQWRVGH£JXDHVFRQ77 $/HLFULDGDQRSUHWH[WRGHUHJXODUL]DUD&RQVWLWXL©¥R%DLDQDGHVREUHDUHJXODUL]D©¥RGHWHUUDV S¼EOLFDVHPEHQHI¯FLRGH4XLORPERODVH)XQGRVGH3DVWRFDPLQKDMXQWRFRPRPDSHDPHQWRGH£UHDVSRWHQFLDLVGH PLQHUD©¥RHDRSDVVRTXHLGHQWLˋFDPHVVDVFRPXQLGDGHVWDPE«PFULDPUHVWUL©·HVGHGXUD©¥RGHSRVVH GHDQRV SDVVRXSDUDDQRV FRPRVHIRVVHPUHVHUYDVIXQGL£ULDVSDUDIXWXUDVH[SORUD©·HV9HUPDLVVREUHDSUREOHP£WLFD OHJLVODWLYDHQFRQWUDGDSRUHVVDVFRPXQLGDGHVGH)XQGRGH3DVWRHP6,/9$$GULDQD   523 Livro de Artigos GLGRV DVFDL[DVGȢ£JXDHXPUHVHUYDWµULRGHGHVVDOLQL]D©¥RGD£JXDGRVXEVROR2V HOHPHQWRV TXH FRQGX]HP D WUDQVL©¥R HQWUH R PXQGR SULYDGR GH FDGD IDP¯OLD H R JUDQGHFDPSRQ¥RFHUFDGRPDUFDPSHTXHQDVYDULD©·HVQDSDLVDJHPPXLWDVYH]HV LQYLV¯YHLVDRROKDUDOKHLR FIGURA 5 )RWRJUDˋDGDUHVHUYDGH GHVVDOLQL]D©¥RGD£JXDGRVXEVROR IRWRGRPRUDGRU5DLPXQGRFHGLGD DRDFHUYRGDDXWRUD $YHJHWD©¥RHRVRORGDFDDWLQJDV¥RHVWUXWXUDVHPVLTXHRULHQWDPDYLGDGHWRGRV HVVHVVHUHVHFRQˋJXUDPIRUPDVTXH¢YLVWDV¥RDSDUHQWHPHQWHGXUDVVRIULGDVHFRP SRXFRVUHFXUVRV‹QDWXUDOGRELRPDGDFDDWLQJDRPRVDLFRGHGLIHUHQWHVWLSRVGH VRORV(VVHVVRORVHPJHUDOV¥RQDPDLRULDUDVRVSHGUHJRVRVHFRPSRXFDPDW«ULD RUJ¤QLFD GHYLGR ¢ ELRPDVVD YHJHWDO VHU OLPLWDGD SHOD VHFD $O«P GLVVR D VHUUDSLOKHLUDHQWUDHPU£SLGDGHFRPSRVL©¥RSRUFRQWDGDVDOWDVWHPSHUDWXUDVHFRQWULEXL SDUDREDL[RDF¼PXORGHELRPDVVDQRVROR 6RX]D 3RULVVREURP«OLDVFDFWRVH RXWUDVHVS«FLHVGHVXFXOHQWDVSURFXUDPVHLQVWDODUHPIHQGDVGHFRQMXQWRVURFKRVRV DSURYHLWDQGRRDPELHQWHGHDUPD]HQDPHQWRGH£JXDHPDW«ULDRUJ¤QLFDTXHVHDORMDPQHVVDVˋVVXUDV$V£UYRUHVPDLVEDL[DVGRTXHDVGHRXWURVELRPDVEUDVLOHLURV FUHVFHPSRXFRSDUDFLPDHV¥RSURIXQGDVQRVXEVRORHPEXVFDGD£JXD0XLWDVYH]HV VXDVUD¯]HVDSUHVHQWDPEROVDVGHDUPD]HQDPHQWRFRPRVHQGRSHTXHQRVUHVHUYDWµULRVGH£JXDVXEWHUU¤QHD7XGRDQXQFLDDYLGDSHQHWUDQWHHH[SHFWDQWHTXHHPDQD GRFK¥R 3RUVHUXPOXJDUTXHSDVVDSRUSHU¯RGRVGHVHFDGHDW«PHVHVWRGDVDVHVWUXWXUDVPHQRUHVHPDLRUHVGRVLVWHPDDGTXLUHPIRUPDVGHDUPD]HQDPHQWRGHHQHUJLDH £JXDTXHV¥RWRUWXRVRVSHQHWUDQWHVQDVIHQGDVQRVRORSHODVUD¯]HVHSHORVJDOKRV¢ HVSHUDGDFKXYD$VFRLVDVV¥RHQWUHOD©DGDVSDUDVXDSUµSULDVREUHYLY¬QFLD3RULVVR V¥RWDPE«PHQWUHOD©DGRVDVFDEUDVRXPEXRVKRPHQVDVJDOLQKDVDVFDFLPEDVDV PXOKHUHVDVFULDQ©DVDVSHTXHQDVLJUHMDVDVKRUWDVRVRODUGHQWHDVHFDHDFKXYD 2V)XQGRVGH3DVWRV¥RFRPXQLGDGHVTXHYLYHPVREHVVHUHJLPHGHDVVRFLD©¥R $KLVWµULDRHVWDGRDVOHLVHDRULJHPGHFDGDSHVVRDQ¥RVHFRPSDUDPDRTXHQD YHUGDGH«XPDSU£WLFDGL£ULDGHRUJDQL]DUDYLGDDSDUWLUGRVHXHQWUHOD©DPHQWRFRP XPDPELHQWHGHH[WUHPRV2FRPXPSRVWRSRUHVVDFRPXQLGDGH«DLQWHUD©¥RSURIXQGDFRPRVHPL£ULGRHRELRPDGDFDDWLQJD'HVVHPRGRHQTXDQWR%UXWHLUR7UD¯UD HUHGRQGH]DVV¥RDPHD©DGDVSRUJRYHUQDQWHVHHPSUHVDVGHH[SORUD©¥RGHPLQ«ULRV 524 10.º PROJETAR | Arquitetura, Cidade e Paisagem · Projetar em Contexto de Crise QHVVHFDVRHVSHFLˋFDPHQWHD0LQHUDGRUD&DUD¯EDGDH[SORUD©¥RGHFREUH UHDˋUPDUVHXVHQWLGRFRPR7HUULWµULR7UDGLFLRQDOGH)XQGRGH3DVWR«XPDOXWDFRPXP MXQWR D HVVDV WHUUDV (QIDWLFDPHQWH IDODQGR « D SULQFLSDO UHVLVW¬QFLD HP IDYRU GD VREUHYLY¬QFLDIXWXUDGDFDDWLQJDFXMDUHJHQHUD©¥ROHQWDSRUQDWXUH]DIDWDOPHQWHD GHVWLQDULD¢FRPSOHWDGHYDVWD©¥RSHODVQRYDVHPSUHLWDGDVLQGXVWULDLVTXHFDGDYH] PDLVGRPLQDPDUHJL¥RSRUPDSHDPHQWRVHGLYLV·HVGHSURSULHGDGHDOKHLDVDHODV NOTAS DO FUNDO DA TERRA 1RERG\ OLYHV HYHU\ZKHUH HYHU\ERG\ OLYHV VRPHZKHUH 1RWKLQJ LV FRQQHFWHG WR HYHU\WKLQJHYHU\WKLQJLVFRQQHFWHGWRVRPHWKLQJ +DUDZD\  $WUDPDGHUHOD©·HVGRVIXQGRVGHSDVWRFRPDFDDWLQJDSDUHFHRMRJRRXIDEXOD©¥R0XOWLVSHFLHV&DWȢV&UDGOHTXH'RQQD+DUDZD\DERUGDQROLYUR6WD\LQJZLWKWKH 7URXEOH$LQWHUD©¥RHQWUHHVS«FLHVVRORVURFKDVIHQGDVFDFLPEDVDJXDGDVSODQWDVHFOLPDGRVHPL£ULGRVHJXHPHPPRYLPHQWRHSRORVGHWHQV·HVLJXDLVDRVˋRV TXHLQWHUOLJDPHHVWHQGHPVXDVIRU©DVGRGHVHQKRGH1DVVHU0XIWL2LQWHUHVVDQWH VREUHDYLV¥RGH+DUDZD\VREUHHVVDHVS«FLHGHFDPDGHJDWR«TXHHODQ¥RHVW£LQWHUHVVDGDHPUHFRQFLOLDURXUHVWDXUDUQDGDPDVFRPSURPHWLGDFRPDVSRVVLELOLGDGHV PRGHVWDVGHFRQY¯YLRLQWHUHVS«FLHVRTXHJHQLDOPHQWHFKDPDGHSHUPDQHFHUFRP RSUREOHPD +DUDZD\  &RPR R MRJR D SRVVLELOLGDGH GH PDSHDU H VH DSUR[LPDU GH DOWHUQDWLYDV SDUD D YLGDQD7HUUDQ¥RSUHFLVDWHUDFODUH]DGDVUHVROX©·HVGHWRGRVRVFRQˌLWRVRXVROX©·HVVREUHRVPRGRVFRUUHWRVGHUHSUHVHQWD©¥RGRVPHVPRV1RFDVRVGRV7HUULWµULRV7UDGLFLRQDLVGH)XQGRVGH3DVWRYDOHGL]HUTXHRSUµSULRFRQFHLWRGHWHUULWµULR HVW£HPEUHQKDGRSHODQR©¥RGHGLVSXWDHFRQˌLWR$W«PHVPRHPHVFDODVPHQRUHV GDYLGDRQGHDVREUHYLY¬QFLDQRVHPL£ULGR«SRUVLPHVPDXPMRJRGHUHSDUD©·HV GHYLGDHPRUWHDVWHQV·HVGDVUHOD©·HVKXPDQDVQ¥RKXPDQDVID]SDUWHGRPRYLPHQWRSHUPDQHQWHGRVLVWHPDTXHRVLQFOXHP(PHVFDODPDLRUK£GHVHHQWHQGHUD SUµSULDUHOD©¥RGH%UXWHLURHDGMDF¬QFLDVFRPD0LQHUDGRUD&DUD¯EDTXHGHDOJXPD IRUPDDLQGDHPSUHJDSDUWHGRVPRUDGRUHVGDDVVRFLD©¥RHSHUPLWHRDFHVVRPDLV U£SLGRDFDUURVSLSD FDPLQK·HVTXHGLVWULEXHP£JXD HWHFQRORJLDVFRPRLQWHUQHW 4XDQWR DRV PRGRV GH UHSUHVHQWDU HVVHV WHUULWµULRV SRGHVH FRQVLGHUDU TXH D SURYRFD©¥RGH+DUDZD\«SUHFLVDSDUDRFDVR0XLWREUHYHPHQWHHVVHDUWLJRWHQWRX DSRQWDUFRPRDVUHSUHVHQWD©·HVGHWHUULWµULRVSRGHPFRQIXQGLURVPHVPRVRXDW« UHVWULQJLUHHQIUDTXHF¬ORV(PERUDVRERSUHWH[WRGDFULD©¥RGHPHGLGDVSURWHWLYDVOHJDLVRVLQVWUXPHQWRVGHFRQWDJHPPHGL©¥RJHRUUHIHUHQFLDPHQWRHSURGX©¥R GHPDSDVVHUYHPXLWRPDLVFRPRXPDDPHD©DDHVVHVJUXSRV PXLWRVJULOHLURVVH DSURYHLWDP GHVVH PDWHULDO  GR TXH FRPR YHUGDGHLUD LQFOXV¥R 3HUPDQHFHU FRP R SUREOHPDQRFDVRGDVUHSUHVHQWD©·HVSRVV¯YHLVGHYHVHUXPDOHUWDSDUDDEXVFDGH PRGRVGLYHUVRVGHSHUFRUUHURVYDORUHVHVLJQLˋFDGRVTXHGLYHUJHPGDVWUDGX©·HV KDELWXDLVGRSURJUHVVRHGDFLYLOL]D©¥R7DOYH]VHMDPHVPRDSRVVLELOLGDGHGHDVVXPLUH[SHULPHQWD©·HVFRQW¯QXDVTXHDPDUUHPSRQWRVHQµVDQWHVGLVSHUVRVHFRQFHQWUDGRVHPFDPSRVGHFRQKHFLPHQWRTXHDLQGDSRXFRFRQYHUVDPHQWUHVL 3RUVXDYH]RWHPDGRFRPXPWDPE«P«XPPRGRGHFRQWLQXDUFRPRSUREOHPD +£PXLWRDVHUIHLWRQRVHQWLGRGHHQWHQGHUDVFRPXQLGDGHVGHIXQGRGHSDVWRHP XPGHEDWHPDLRUVREUHRV&RPPRQVJOREDLV1HVVHVHQWLGRGHYHPVHULQYHVWLJDGDV 525 Livro de Artigos DV UHOD©·HV GR SURFHVVR KLVWµULFR TXH GHVHQFDGHLDP QXP WLSR GH FRPXP H FRPR GH IDWR HVVH WHUULWµULR VH MXVWLˋFD FRPR FRPXP QD FRQWHPSRUDQHLGDGH 1RV VHUW·HVGR%UDVLOHVVDVFRPXQLGDGHVGHIXQGRGHSDVWRQ¥RV¥RIRUPDGDVSRUSHVVRDV FRP XP IHQµWLSR RX RULJHQV QHFHVVDULDPHQWH VHPHOKDQWHV 0HVPR RV DUUDQMRV IDPLOLDUHVY¥RVHVREUHSRQGRQRWHPSRHVHWUDQVIRUPDQGRHPOD©RVDIHWLYRVRXWURV 'HVVDIRUPDHVWXGRVVREUHLGHQWLGDGHHPWHUULWµULRVIXQGRVGHSDVWRWHPEDVWDQWH DRIHUHFHUTXDQGRYLVWRVVREDµWLFDGHLQGLY¯GXRVTXHGREUDPVXDVVXEMHWLYLGDGHV PHGLDQWH¢WHUUDFXOWLYDGDHSHQVDGDFROHWLYDPHQWH &RPR QRWD ˋQDO D ¼QLFD SRVVLELOLGDGH SDUHFH VHU XPD UHˌH[¥R TXH HPHUJH GR IXQGRGDWHUUDRXPHOKRUGL]HQGRGRIXQGRGHWRGDVDVFRLVDV3RUTXHGHDOJXP PRGRQ¥RG£PDLVSDUDYHUDYLGDQDWHUUDFRPRVREUHSRVL©¥RGHVXSHUI¯FLHVSDUDOHODVGHOLQKDVTXHFRUWDPXQLIRUPHPHQWHWRUWRVDUDGRV 5HˌHWLU VREUH R TXH VLJQLˋFD DERUGDU XP WLSR GH FRPXP HP WHUULWµULRV H[WUHPDPHQWH YXOQHU£YHLV H TXH VREUHYLYHP HP DPELHQWHV FRP HVWUHVVH K¯GULFR DOWDV WHPSHUDWXUDV H WDQWRV GHVDˋRV FOLP£WLFRV SRVV¯YHLV SRGH VHU XP FRQYLWH D QRYDV UHSUHVHQWD©·HVWHUULWRULDLVHIRUPDVGHFRQYLY¬QFLDFRPDWHUUDSDUDDO«PGDVOLQKDV HVXSHUI¯FLHV(PXPDHVFDODPDLVJOREDOYDOHDLQGDUHVVDOWDUȤDPXOWLYDO¬QFLDGRV VHQWLGRVGRFK¥RHVXDVUHOD©·HVSRVV¯YHLVFRPSU£WLFDVSURMHWXDLVXUEDQDVHSRO¯WLFDVFRQWHPSRU¤QHDVTXHGHVDˋDPDVGLVFLSOLQDVGDDUTXLWHWXUDHGRXUEDQLVPRH VXDVFDWHJRULDVSURFHGLPHQWRVHSDUDGLJPDVWUDGLFLRQDLVȥ 12%5($/  REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS $$75  1RUDVWURGD*ULODJHP9ROXPH6DOYDGRU -DQHLUR KWWSVZZZFSWQDFLRQDO RUJEUFRPSRQHQWMGRZQORDGVVHQGFDUWLOKDVQRUDVWURGDJULODJHPIRUPDV MXULGLFDVGDJULODJHPFRQWHPSRUDQHD"RSWLRQ FRPBMGRZQORDGV '$5'273LHUUH/$9$/&KULVWLDQ  &RPXPHQVDLRVREUHDUHYROX©¥RQRV«FXOR;;, %RLWHPSR *(2*5$)$5  0DSHDPHQWRGDVFRPXQLGDGHVGH)XQGRVH)HFKRVGH3DVWRQRHVWDGR GD%DKLD6(3520,8)%$ -DQHLUR KWWSVJHRJUDIDUXIEDEUJHUPDQLJXLRPDUROLYHLUD JLOFDJGHFRRUGHQDFDRPDSHDPHQWRGDVFRPXQLGDGHVGHIXQGRHIHFKRVGH +$5$:$<'RQQD  6WD\LQJZLWKWKHWURXEOH'XNH8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV +(63$1+$3HGUR  2SDSHOGRVEDOGLRVQDUHYLWDOL]D©¥RGDVFRPXQLGDGHVUXUDLV SUHVHQWHGDWWKH&RLPEUD 0$548(6/H¶QLGDVGH6DQWDQD  $VFRPXQLGDGHVGHIXQGRGHSDVWRHRSURFHVVRGH IRUPD©¥RGHWHUUDVGHXVRFRPXPQRVHPL£ULGREUDVLOHLUR -DQHLUR KWWSZZZVHHUXIX EULQGH[SKSVRFLHGDGHQDWXUH]DDUWLFOHYLHZ 12%5($QD/XL]D  3RUXPFK¥RFRPXPKWWSZZZVHHUXIXEULQGH[SKS VRFLHGDGHQDWXUH]DDUWLFOHYLHZ 6,/9$$GULDQD2O¯YLD  7HUULWµULR7UDGLFLRQDO'H)XQGR'H3DVWR'H%UXWHLURH7UD¯UD 7HUULWRULDOLGDGHV&RQWHPSRU¤QHDVHDV/XWDVSHOD5HDSURSULD©¥R6RFLDOGD1DWXUH]D 'LVVHUWD©¥R 0HVWUDGRHP(GXFD©¥R&XOWXUDH7HUULWµULRV6HPL£ULGRV 'HSDUWDPHQWRGH &L¬QFLDV+XPDQDV8QLYHUVLGDGH(VWDGXDOGD%DKLD 628=$'DQLOR'LHJR  $GDSWD©·HVGHSODQWDVGD&DDWLQJD2ˋFLQDGH7H[WRV 526 10.º PROJETAR | Arquitetura, Cidade e Paisagem · Projetar em Contexto de Crise