(PDF) Sumerian Literary Fragments in the University Museum, Philadelphia II: Eduba Compositions, Debate Poems, Diatribes, Elegies, Wisdom Literature, and Other Compositions (UF 42 535-572)

With written sources dated to the end of the fourth millennium B.C., Sumerian is the most ancient language so far documented and remained the language of education in scribal circles for over three millennia. In the Late Bronze Age the dissemination of Sumerian literature, which is best known from Old Babylonian sources, reached the Western periphery, i.e. Syria and Anatolia. This book investigates the transmission of Sumerian literary texts to the Western periphery and offers a comprehensive study of Sumerian literature in the Late Bronze Age.

An ancient Sumerian proverb may be read as “good fortune [is embedded in] organisation and wisdom.” The present centennial survey is solely about organizing the last one hundred years of scholarship for a Sumerian afterlife myth named “Inanna’s Descent to the Netherworld.” The initial discovery of artifacts with snippets of the myth can be dated to as early as 1889. English translations of the myth emerged around 1920 and were followed by numerous archaeological expeditions and subsequent translation efforts. Such efforts, by many scholars and institutions, resulted in an authoritative 2001 version of the myth published by the University of Oxford via the Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature (ETCSL). The 2001 version, titled “Inana’s descent to the nether world” is 412 lines long and utilizes over fifty cuneiform artifacts (sources). The impact of this work has been mainstream and interdisciplinary interest in Inanna, the myth, and her role in antiquity. However, the technical nature of studying ancient Sumer may alienate a broader audience. The survey contained herein attempts to organize and explain the key people, concepts, events, and institutions involved with the discovery of “Inanna’s Descent.” Non-technical readers can expect to learn how and why we arrived at the likely complete translation we have today. Light background information and a chronology of scholarly work are followed by a brief discussion on promising areas of further research. The appendix contains a comprehensive catalog of referenced artifact data. For Huey CONTENTS Figures Tables Introduction Background Scholarship Chronology Discovery and Initial Publication (1889-1919) More Artifacts and Assignments (1920-1934) Kramer’s First Wave (1935-1951) New Artifacts and Commentary (1952-1973) The First Semi-Complete Translation (1974-1996) The Digital Age (1997-2006) Current Scholarship (2007-2019) The Future of ID (2020 and Beyond) Conclusion Appendix A: Artifacts Table and Visualizations Appendix B: All Artifact Data Appendix C: Translations of “Inanna’s Descent” Bibliography FIGURES Figure 1.1. Sumer in Mesopotamia Figure 1.2. Cylinder Seal VA 243 Figure 1.3. Mask of Warka Figure 1.4. Warka Vase Figure 1.5. Inanna’s Family Tree Figure 1.6. Table illustrating the simplification of cuneiform signs Figure 1.7. Artifact terminology table Figure 1.8. Three of the ‘big five’ scholars of ID Figure 2.1. Artifact CBS 9800 Figure 2.2. Artifact YPM BC 018686 (formerly YBC 4621) Figure 2.3. Artifact UET VI 9 (6/1 9) Figure 2.4. Sladek’s published artifacts TABLES Table 1.1. Artifact waterfall view of cuneiform sources for “Inanna’s Descent” (abridged) Table 2.1. Detail artifact table for “Inanna’s Descent” Table 2.2. Artifact waterfall view of cuneiform sources for “Inanna’s Descent” (full) Table 3.1. Top translation publications of “Inanna’s Descent” (1900-2019)

Sumerian Literary Fragments in the University Museum, Philadelphia II Eduba Compositions, Debate Poems, Diatribes, Elegies, Wisdom Literature, and Other Compositions Jeremiah Peterson, Berkeley Drew Clayton, in memoriam The following article results from my investigation of the unidentiﬁed and unpublished Sumerian literary fragments in the Babylonian Section of the University Museum, Philadelphia. I have organized them according to the catalog of the Electronic Textual Corpus of Sumerian Literature, which in turn is based on the categories established in Miguel Civil’s unpublished Index to the Corpus of Sumerian Literature. The current article involves ﬁfty-three fragments that pertain to ETCSL category 5. Fragments that pertain to ETCSL categories 1-3 and 6, as well as collective tablets pertaining to all textual categories, have been prepared in monograph form for the series Biblioteca del Próximo Oriente Antiquo. Fragments pertaining to ETCSL category 4, hymns to deities, are treated separately. In general, all identiﬁcations made below are reasonably certain. However, the level of certainty generally increases with the number of preserved lines and signs. I have refrained from identifying the tablet type of a fragment unless reasonably certain. My estimation of the tablet type of any small and less than diagnostic fragment that has not been joined to a substantial exemplar should be regarded as provisional in nature. Statements of non-attestation that occur below are to be qualiﬁed by my current lack of knowledge of a signiﬁcant amount of unpublished Sumerian literary texts, such as most of the contents of the Old Babylonian literary texts from Babylon1 as well as the contents of private collections that have yet to be systematically published, most signiﬁcantly the Schøyen collection in Oslo. I would like to thank Miguel Civil, Paul Delnero, Josh Roberson, Walther Sallaberger, Emmanuelle Salgues, and Vanessa Smith for their numerous helpful contributions to the current article, which resulted in substantial improvements. –––––––––––––––––––––– 1 For OB literary texts from Babylon, see the preliminary catalog of Pedersén, 2005, 19– 37. 2 J. Peterson [UF 42 Eduba Compositions 5.1.1) Eduba A (Schooldays)2 1) N 5811 Description : Type II tablet fragment reﬂecting the upper right corner of the reverse surface. The reverse is highly worn, with a signiﬁcant amount of salt damage (not copied). The preserved portion of the obverse is blank. Dimensions: 7.4 × 7.7 × 3.1 cm Text: Eduba A 1–7 i1=1 2=2 3=3 4=4 5=5 6=6 7=7 [dumu] e 2 - dub - b a -a ud ul- la me -[ še 3 ] /i 3 -du [de 3 -en] [e 2 -d ub ]- ba - a - še 3 i 3 -du -[de 3 -en ] [e 2 -d ub -ba-a] a - na - am 3 mu - e -AK [dub - g̃u 1 0 ] i 3 -[ šid nig̃ 2 ]- zu 2 -g ub - g̃u 1 0 i 3 -[ KA×X] [dub - g̃u 1 0 i 3 -dim 2 i 3 -s]ar i 3 -til-m[a] [ mu -gub -b a- g̃u 1 0 ma-an-gub ]- b u -u š [kin-sig- g̃a 2 im-šu- g̃u 1 0 ] ma-an-[gub-bu-uš] (1 line illegible signs) This type II exemplar, N 4882, which is treated immediately below, and the pre–––––––––––––––––––––– 2 The line numeration here follows Kramer, 1949. 2010] Sumerian Literary Fragments in the University Museum, Philadelphia II 3 viously identiﬁed type II exemplar CBS 2219 + UM 29-13-591 (+) UM 29-153623 demonstrate that Eduba A was occasionally entered on the reverse of type II extracts at OB Nippur. Contrary to all expectation, given the putative sequence of the scribal curriculum at OB Nippur,4 the text on the obverse of CBS 2219+ is an extract from Syllable Alphabet B. Given the otherwise highly elementary status of Syllable Alphabet B as the ﬁrst signiﬁcant text encountered in the scribal curriculum, this conﬁguration would aberrational for a type II tablet according to its putative interpretation as containing a new exercise on the obverse and a review exercise on the reverse. 2) N 6468 Description : Upper left corner of an imgida, obverse and reverse preserved. The preserved surface of the reverse is blank. Dimensions: 3.3 × 2.3 × 1.8 cm Text: Eduba A 1–4 Join : (+) 3237 + N 3249 + N 5814 3) N 3249 + N 5814 Description : Central body piece of an imgida, obverse only preserved. Dimensions: 4.6 × 4.9 × 2.4 cm Text: Eduba A 5–11 Join : N 3237 (+) N 6468 –––––––––––––––––––––– 3 For this manuscript, see Sjöberg, 1993, 1, Veldhuis, 1997, 66 and n. 213, Volk, 1996, 200 n. 136. 4 See the detailed reconstruction of Veldhuis, 1997, 40–66. 4 J. Peterson [UF 42 For line 8 of this composition, the temporal clause ud e 2 -d ub -ba-a du 8 -u 3 gin 7 (var. de 3 ) is rendered [u d] e 2 -dub -ba-a du 8 -TUG2 -gin 7 in this source, perhaps representing an isolated error prompted by the prevalence of the simile tu g 2 -gin 7 ... dul, which has no apparent relevance to any other version of this line known to me. 4) 3N-T 905, 217 (SLFN 84) Description : Central fragment of the reverse of a two-column (?) tablet, two columns preserved. Dimensions: 3.0 × 3.8 × 1.4 cm Text: Eduba A 54–57, 76–81 5) N 4882 Description : Type II tablet fragment reﬂecting the upper right corner of the reverse surface. This piece is worn and distorted by pressure (not copied). The preserved portion of obverse is blank. Dimensions: 4.7 × 5.6 × 2.5 cm Text: Eduba A 56–60 1 = 56 2 = 57 3 = 58 4 = 59 5 = 60 [ad -da-n ]i šu -n i ba-ni- in -[ si 3 ] [ad -da-ni šag 4 u l 2 ]- la -n[ i]- ta [ad -da e 2 -dub -b a-a-ka]- ni ? gu 3 [/ ul 2 ba]-ni-in-de 2 [lu 2 -tur- g̃u 1 0 šu -n i] i -ni-in -bad -ra 2 - am 3 - ma ? ! [/ku 3 zu i-ni-in]-ku 4 -ra-A.[AN] [nam-dub-sar-ra ni g̃ 2 -galam-galam]- ma -b[i /mu-ni-inpad 3 -pad 3 -de 3 -en] 2010] Sumerian Literary Fragments in the University Museum, Philadelphia II 5 6) 3N-T 907, 278 (SLFN 86) Description : Central fragment of the reverse of a two-column tablet. Only the right column is substantially preserved. Dimensions: 4.6 × 4.9 × 2.8 cm Text: Eduba A 59-64 5.1.2) Eduba B (Father and Son)5 7) N 2626 Description : Upper edge piece of a prism, one side only preserved. The number of sides that this prism possessed cannot be determined from the state of preservation. Dimensions: 4.7 × 4.5 × 3.3 cm Text: Eduba B 1–5 To my current knowledge, this fragment reﬂects the only known prism exemplar of Eduba B. Although other Eduba compositions are combined together elsewhere on prisms, including the presentation of Eduba A and Eduba C on CBS 7843 + CBS 7853 + CBS 19826 + Ni 4092 + Ni 4243 + Ni 4262 and the presentation of Eduba A and Eduba E on LB 2125 (TLB 2 7), one should probably assume, given the relative length of Eduba B versus the other Eduba compositions, that only this composition occurred on the prism. 8) N 4360 Description : Upper right corner piece of an imgida, obverse, reverse, and top preserved. Dimensions: 3.4 × 3.9 × 2.3 cm Text: Eduba B 1–4, 41–44, 45–48 Join : N 6357 –––––––––––––––––––––– 5 The line numeration here follows Sjöberg, 1973. 6 J. Peterson obverse [UF 42 reverse and top 9) N 5752 Description : Central fragment of a two or multi-column tablet, obverse only preserved. Dimensions: 3.4 × 3.5 × 1.2 cm Text: Eduba B 16–21, 70 Join : N 5700 + N 7626 (JCS 25 164) 10) N 1884 Description : Lower right edge piece of an imgida, obverse and reverse preserved. This fragment is notably distorted by pressure (not copied). Dimensions: 4.1 × 3.9 × 2.4 cm Text: Eduba B 23–29, 32–42 obv. 1’–3’ 4’ = ?? 5’ = 23 6’ = 24 7’ = 25 8’ = 26 9’ = 27 10’ = 28 11’ = 29 (illegible) [...] x A [...] [...] tag 4 - tag 4 - da [...]- e ? - da ? [...]-g̃u 1 0 sar-re-d a [...] gi 4 -gi 4 -d e 3 [...]- g a -am 3 ugu- zu -še 3 du -u 3 mu -[ d ]ug 4 [...]-me-en [...]- d e 3 - en 2010] Sumerian Literary Fragments in the University Museum, Philadelphia II rev. 1’ = 32 2’ = 33 3’ = 34 4’ = 35 5’ = 36 6’ = 37 7’ = 38 [... e]n -[d ]e 3 -te [...]-n a-a g̃ 2 [...] sa 2 -dug 4 -g a-am 3 [...]- gi 4 - x -en [...]- k ar 2 - kar 2 - x -en [...]- x - x - x -eš 2 [...]- gub - be 2 -en 7 8 8’ = 39 9’ = 40 10’ = 41 11’ = 42 J. Peterson [UF 42 [... r]a-e 3 [...]- e - AK [...]- x -en [...]-tag 11) CBS 10312 Description : Bottom piece of an imgida, obverse and reverse preserved. Dimensions: 4.4 × 4.8 × 2.7 cm Text: Eduba B 32–34, 37–41 obverse reverse 12) N 7437 Description : Central surface fragment of a multi-column tablet, obverse only preserved. Dimensions: 3.5 × 3.3 × 1.6 cm Text: Eduba B 33?–40, 68–72 Join : N 3421 (JCS 25 164) + N 3432 (JCS 25 167) + N 3470 (JCS 25 151) 2010] Sumerian Literary Fragments in the University Museum, Philadelphia II 9 For the improved composite text of lines 35–36, see Volk, 1996, 195 and n. 99, and Karahashi, 2000, 163. 13) 3N-T 904 149 (SLFN 70) Description : Bottom right edge fragment, obverse and reverse preserved. Dimensions: 3.7 × 2.8 × 2.2 cm Text: Eduba B 126–128, 130–133 Join : 3N-T 902 82 (SLFN 69) 14) N 4362 Description : Top edge fragment of an imgida. The surface is highly worn and distorted by pressure (not copied). The obverse is legible, while the reverse is thoroughly encrusted with a layer of extraneous clay, making it difﬁcult to ascertain whether or not it contained signs. Dimensions: 3.6 × 5.6 × 2.2 cm Text: Eduba B 127–132 10 J. Peterson [UF 42 1 = 127 [gi 4 -me-a-aš-zu nam]- u l -g̃al 2 - zu - še 3 mu -[e-šigub -bu ] 2 = 128 [nam-lu 2 ]- u 1 8 -lu -zu igi li-ib -du 8 -ru- na -aš mu - e -šiul2 3 = 129 [e-n e-d ]i ba -ab-tum 3 -me-en 4 = 130 [tukum-bi] ki a tar du 3 dil-ta lu 2 - ki ? - nam 5 = 131 [za-e igi-bi-a al-n i g̃in]- ne -en-de 3 -en 6 = 132 [kin-gi 4 -a-zu i 3 -ne-eš 2 ] gu 4 - gu 4 - ud -[d a / ? ur 5 -ra mete-zu] 5.1.3) Eduba C (Supervisor and Scribe) 6 15) N 1072 + N 1073 + N 1076 + N 1077 + N 1078 + N 1079 + N 1080 + N 1081 + N 1082 + N 1085 + N 1088 + N 1090 + N 6965 Description : Bottom half of an imgida, obverse and reverse preserved (copy also includes the previously identiﬁed pieces N 1075 and N 1159). Dimensions: 6.3 × 6.5 × 3.3 cm Text: Eduba C 6–17 Join : N 1071 (+) N 1074 + N 1075 + N 1159 obverse –––––––––––––––––––––– 6 The line numeration here follows ETCSL 5.1.3. 2010] Sumerian Literary Fragments in the University Museum, Philadelphia II reverse 16) N 7439 Description : Central fragment, obverse only preserved. Dimensions: 3.7 × 2.3 × 0.9 cm Text: Eduba C 8–14 17) N 7703 + N 7715 Description : Upper edge fragment of an imgida, obverse only preserved. Dimensions: 2.0 × 4.1 × 1.5 cm Text: Eduba C 34–36 Join : CBS 15211 11 12 J. Peterson [UF 42 Various Compositions 5.2.4) Man and God 7 18) N 7681 Description : Left edge fragment of a two-column tablet, obverse only preserved. Dimensions: 2.9 × 2.2 × 1.9 cm Text: Man and God 23–28 Join : CBS 8321 (STVC 2) + N 3151 + N 6587 (+) N 7252? 19) N 7252 Description : Central surface fragment of a two-column tablet, obverse only preserved. Dimensions: 2.1 × 2.0 × 0.8 cm Text: Man and God 26–29 Join : (+) CBS 8321 (STVC 2) + N 3151 + N 6587 + N 7681? 20) N 6587 Description : Central surface fragment of a two-column tablet, reverse only preserved. The ﬁnal line of the manuscript is preserved on this fragment, marked by a double line. Dimensions: 3.5 × 3.5 × 1.3 cm Text: Man and God 123–125 Join : CBS 8321 (STVC 2) + N 3151 + N 7681 (+) N 7252? The content of these fragments will be incorporated by Klein into his edition of Man and God.8 –––––––––––––––––––––– 7 The line numeration here follows ETCSL 5.2.4. 8 See the remarks of Klein, 2006, 124–125. 2010] Sumerian Literary Fragments in the University Museum, Philadelphia II 13 Debate Poems 5.3.1) Hoe and Plow 9 21) N 7474 Description : Central fragment of a two-columned tablet, obverse only preserved. Dimensions: 3.4 × 3.8 × 1.2 cm Text: Hoe and Plow 41–46 Join : UM 29-16-186 + N 1585 + N 7143 22) N 3714 Description : Upper fragment of an imgida, obverse and reverse preserved. The beginning and end of the extract is preserved. Dimensions: 2.7 × 5.2 × 2.5 cm Text: Hoe and Plow 57–60, 107–109 obverse reverse This source offers the variant lu for lu 2 /(nam)-lu 2 -lu 7 “man” for line 58,10 presumably reﬂecting a spurious phonetic error. –––––––––––––––––––––– 9 The line numeration here follows ETCSL 5.3.1. 10 For these variants, see Attinger, 2010 / 2011, 4 n. 53. 14 J. Peterson [UF 42 23) 3N-T 906, 251 (SLFN 85) Description : Upper right corner fragment of an imgida, obverse and reverse preserved. The preserved surface of reverse is blank. Dimensions: 2.5 × 2.6 × 2.2 cm Text: Hoe and Plow 101–104 24) N 5500 Description : Right edge fragment, one side preserved. The surface of this fragment is highly worn (not copied). Dimensions: 6.7 × 4.1 × 2.0 cm Text: Hoe and Plow 120–126, two extra lines (repeat of line 64?), 127–134 1’ = 120 2’ = 121 3’ = 122? 4’ = 123? 5’ = 124 6’ = 125 7’ = 126 8’ = 126a 9’ = 126b 10’ = 127 11’ = 128 12’ = 129 13’ = 130 14’ = 131 15’ = 132 16’ = 133 17’ = 134 18’ [...]- me -e[n] [...]- la ? -me-e[n] [...]- e - me -e[n] [...]- e - me-e[n] [...]- u s 2 - e ? -e[n ? ] [...]- g̃a 2 - g̃[a 2 ...] [...]- sa 2 - sa 2 - e -e[ n] [...] nam- mu 11 [...] nam- mu [...] gin 6 um - mi -[ d]u 1 1 [...] x dil bi 2 -ib- g̃al 2 [...]- n a im - x - x -dug 4 [... i] 3 -du 3 - e ? - en [... i]m-NI- g̃a 2 - g̃a 2 -n e [...] BU -bi dugud -d a [... i]b ? -en- te -en [... za]g gu[ 2 ...] [...] x [...] –––––––––––––––––––––– 11 These two lines also occur in the imgida fragment CBS 13879 (STVC 119) 3’–4’. 2010] Sumerian Literary Fragments in the University Museum, Philadelphia II 15 5.3.2) Sheep and Grain12 25) N 4361 Description : Bottom edge piece of an imgida, obverse and reverse preserved. Dimensions: 2.4 × 4.8 × 2.1 cm Text: Sheep and Grain 156–161 obverse reverse 26) N 3133 Description : Central fragment of a two-column tablet, reverse only preserved. Dimensions: 2.7 × 1.9 × 1.4 cm Text: Sheep and Grain 186-190 Join : CBS 6983 (SEM 54) + CBS 11085 + CBS 15303 + N 6279 For line 186, this exemplar appears to offer the variant rendering n i 2 ... su .b for the typical orthography ne ... su .b , “to kiss.” –––––––––––––––––––––– 12 The line numeration here follows ETCSL 5.3.2, which differs slightly from the numeration advanced in Alster / Vanstiphout, 1987. 16 J. Peterson [UF 42 5.3.3) Summer and Winter 13 27) 3N-T 902, 80 (SLFN 82) Description : Right edge piece, one side only preserved. Dimensions: 5.2 × 3.2 × 2.0 cm Text: Summer and Winter 296–299 5.3.5) Bird and Fish 14 28) N 7049 Description : Central fragment of an imgida, reverse only preserved. Dimensions: 2.5 × 2.5 × 0.6 cm Text: Bird and Fish 60–65 Join : N 2192 + N 3747 + N 4116 + N 7848 + Ni 4472 (ISET 2 76) This source would appear to contain the ESIR sign (A.LAGAB×NUMUN) in line 61, which also occurs in Ni 9673 (ISET 2 72) rev. 9’ according to Kramer’s copy. This would contrast the variant spellings A.LAGAB× AL and A.LAGAB×A offered across the other sources that are currently known to me.15 The interpretation of the resulting combination of signs is not immediately transparent, but since the expression esir su(b )/šub is frequently attested as a qualiﬁcation of reed containers meaning “caulked, sealed,” this context may involve an (unspeciﬁed) watertight reed container (g i esir), an object that would be suited to holding food.16 The variants A.LAGAB× AL and A.LAGAB×A –––––––––––––––––––––– 13 The line numeration here follows ETCSL 5.3.3. 14 The line numeration here follows ETCSL 5.3.5. 15 g i A.LAGAB×A : CBS 4915 + N 1317 + N 3736 ii 14 ; g i A.LAGAB× AL : N 1784 + N 4514 + N 7071 + N 7447 (+) N 1750 line 13 ; g i g u A.LAGAB× AL? : UET 6 / 1 40 line 1 ; g i A.LAGAB× AL g u : UET 6 / 1 38 line 62 ; g i g u x [ . . . ] (copy and photo housed in University Museum unclear) : NBC 7912 line 19. 16 Compare also perhaps the gin i g̃2 - e si r - r a (Akkadian namsû(m)) “washbasin” that is attested only in the Ur5-ra tradition : see, for example, Civil, 1987, 28. The reading b u g̃i n x that is advanced for this sign combination in the composite text of ETCSL (5.3.5) would not be anticipated, as (giš/gi)b u g i n (for the variant determination of this term in OB u r 5 - r a , see, for example, Veldhuis, 1997, 117) is otherwise simply 2010] Sumerian Literary Fragments in the University Museum, Philadelphia II 17 may simply reﬂect paleographic errors. The GU that occurs in disparate position in the two Ur sources and also appears to occur in the unprovenienced Yale manuscript NBC 7912 does not suggest an obvious interpretation to me. 29) N 7447 Description : Central fragment of an imgida, reverse only preserved. Dimensions: 3.2 × 4.0 × 1.8 cm Text: Bird and Fish 81–85 Join : N 1784 + N 4514 + N 7017 (+) N 1750 30) N 6579 Description : Central surface fragment, one side only preserved. Dimensions: 4.2 × 1.4 × 0.9 cm Text: Bird and Fish 95–99 –––––––––––––––––––––– LAGAB×A. 18 J. Peterson [UF 42 5.3.6) Silver and Copper 17 31) CBS 6833 + N 2509 + unnumbered + unnumbered Description : Large fragment of a three-column tablet in Kurzzeilen format that preserves a portion of the bottom edge. Obverse and reverse preserved. Dimensions: 7.1 × 7.2 × 1.8 cm Text: Silver and Copper; section preceding segment E, segment E 1–6, segment following segment E obverse bottom –––––––––––––––––––––– 17 The line numeration here follows ETCSL 5.3.6. 2010] Sumerian Literary Fragments in the University Museum, Philadelphia II 19 reverse This exemplar is highly analogous in handwriting and format to other known exemplars of Silver and Copper, such as HS 1483 (TMH 3 36) and UM 29-1652. It is possible that CBS 6833+ was written at the same time by the same scribe and was intended to complement these two sources in a series. The only part of this text that can be reconciled with previously identiﬁed exemplars of Silver and Copper is column v 2’f., which corresponds to HS 1601 (TMH 4 80) obv. line 1’f. (section E in the ETCSL composite text). Restorations made below are derived from this partial duplicate. The new or improved portions of the text that are furnished by this exemplar seem to involve a response of Silver to the insults of Copper. Silver appears to point out that unlike Copper, it furnishes awe to the king’s residence and has more purchasing power both for buying slaves and the more general issue of lu 2 -ulu 3 bulu g̃ 3 -e-de 3 , “rearing a man.” obverse column i 1’ 2’ 3’ 4’ 5’ 6’ [...] x x [... /...] u 3 -u m-d a-a- dug 4 [...] x sig 3 -sig 3 -g a x -NE [? E]N ma mu -DU- a ? - zu ? [? ku r g]al ? a-a- g̃u 1 0 d En - lil 2 -la 2 -ka ... of my father, Enlil [x]-me-en 3 dug 3 -ga-bi ? ga-gu 7 ? [ /... g ]a-nag I am ... its goodness? I shall eat, ... I shall drink! [... k ]a 2 -na gub -ba [ /... ]e 2 - a -sar-re The ... that is stationed at the gate ... may ... inscribe? 20 J. Peterson 7’ 8’ [...]-da-x 18 [...]-a [/ ? ...] x /[...]- in [UF 42 ? column ii 1’ x [...] /e 2 x [...] /me-lam 2 x [...] ... the temple? ... aura ... 2’ e 2 dingir gal-gal-e-n[e] /me-te-b i e 2 -me-en 3 In the temples of the gods, I am the appropriate one 3’ e 2 -g al lugal-ka /n i 2 uš-bi e 2 -me-en 3 In the palace of the king, I am the one with the ﬁerce aura 4’ lu gal ding ir-ra-am 3 /barag -ga tu š-a-n i The king is a god : when he sits within the royal enclosure 5’ d Utu an -šag 4 -ga /zalag-ge-gin 7 Shining like Utu in the midst of heaven 6’ su -lim- g̃u 1 0 e 2 -gal lugal-ka /gur 6 - gu r 6 ? KA-da- b i My sheen, ﬁlling the palace of the king (...) (end of column) column iii 1’ x [...] /ir 2 - re ? x [...] ... laments ... 2’ ur-sa g̃ [ ...] /an-u[ r 2 ...] / e 2 -e[n 6 ...] Mountains ... the base of heaven ... 3’ kug ? za ? - gin 3 ? [ ...] Silver?, lapis? ... 4’ barag ma kug - g̃[u 1 0 ? ] /u 4 -gin 7 e 3 -a My? pure supreme royal enclosure, emerging like sunlight bottom 5’ ULU3 x AN x [...] /e 2 bar-rim 4 - ma /ku 3 -sig 1 7 -ga-ka / u 3 -[...] ... the temple/house on dry land ? ... gold (end of column) reverse column iv 1 du 8 -d u 8 an -u r 2 an -pa x Released ? in the whole of heaven ... 2 nam- ma lugal-ka-am 3 he 2 -en 6 - AK ?- AK ? [ ...] It is the supremacy of kingship, may he exercise it ? 3 x 19 [...] /nam x [...] 4 sa ar tu š ? x [...] /igi i-l[i ? ...] Seated in the dust ?, ... –––––––––––––––––––––– 18 19 The sign appears to be either KE4 or G̃ A2. The preserved sign probably reﬂects UM / DUB / URUDU, but the breakage leaves open the possibility that it is the EZEN sign. 2010] Sumerian Literary Fragments in the University Museum, Philadelphia II 5 21 KA n i 2 -za [...] /x 20 x [...] column v 1 ki d En -lil 2 -la 2 -ta /sa g̃- g̃u 1 0 i 3 -im-k [a]l Coming from Enlil, I am appreciated 2 = E 1 g̃ir 3 -pad -ra 2 dingir-re- ne ? -me-en 3 I am the “bone of the gods”! 3 = E 2 u rud u ni g̃ 2 -kalag -g a kug di 4 ? - di 4 ? - g̃u 1 0 -gin 7 / ba-ra-am 3 -kal Strong copper! You are not worth as much as even my tiniest amounts? 4 = E 3 kug di 4 -d i 4 1 gin 2 ga-mu -u 3 -k ud -a If I cut off a tiny piece of silver worth a shekel 5 = E 4 3 ma-na 4 ma-n a /sa g̃ he 2 -a-sa 1 0 -sa 1 0 I can buy a slave, worth three or four mina (of your copper)? 6 = E 5 lu 2 -ulu 3 bulu g̃ 3 -e-d e 3 [/g̃eštug 2 u 3 -m]u ? -g ub -ba-a When I resolve to rear a man 7 = E 6 [5] ma-na 10 ma-[na] / [...] x NI x [...] Five mina, ten mina ... column vi 1’ [...] x x 2’ [...] urudu ? tu ku g ud ? -gin 7 [ /...] NI u 3 -mu-ši-in-ri-a ... the possessor of copper, he drives? ... like an ox? 3’ [...] x 5 ma-n a 10 ma-n a mu -u 3 -[/... ? ]- x -šum 2 - ma ... ﬁve mina, ten mina ... 4’ [...] lu 2 ? -a [... / ...] e 2 ? -em ? 5’ [...] x Commentary column i, 6’: For this line, compare perhaps the g i-u ri 3 ka 2 -n a g ub -ba, “standard erected at a gate” = ki-in-gu ša2 KA2 of Anta g̃al 7,154 (MSL 17, 165). column iv, 4 : For the expression sa ar tuš, see Sjöberg, 1998, 355. column v, 1: For the compound verb sa g̃ ... kal, see Karahashi, 2000, 140. 2 : The reading of NE here rests on the assumption that the NE and ensuing ME signs share a common vertical. A similar Akkadian phrase, G̃ IR3-PAD-RA2 DIG̃ IR-ti = eṣmet ilūti, describes the tamarisk (bīnu(m)) in the late Akkadian context of the ritual text šēp lemutti ina bīt amēli parāsu ii 81: see Wiggerman, 1992, 8, and Selz, 1997, 197. The bone of a deity is also associated with the tamarisk (bīnu(m)) and the šaššūgu(m) trees in other Akkadian contexts, see CAD E 343. It is potentially noteworthy that in Ancient Egypt, the bones of gods are also de–––––––––––––––––––––– 20 The sign appears to be either E2 or G̃ A2. 22 J. Peterson [UF 42 scribed as consisting of silver in some contexts.21 Given the fact that the epithet may have been more typical for trees than metal, however, it is possible that this description involves the second person in reference to Copper as opposed to the ﬁrst person in self-reference to Silver and is functioning as a derisive epithet of Copper, with the implication that it is little more than wood, which in the context of the adamin duga compositions involves a separate opposing protagonistic pair in conjunction with the reed. 5 : The expression sag̃ sa 1 0 “to buy a head (i. e., a slave),” which is well known from economic texts involving slave sales, also occurs in the literary context of endursag̃ A 244’, 246’, and 247b’ (Attinger/Krebernik, 2005, 49–50). Assuming that the quantities 3 ma-n a and 4 ma-n a are meant to apply to copper here, the values reported in conjunction with the purchase of a slave in this context seem to be underscoring the essential fact that silver has more purchasing power than copper, which seems to be the thrust of Silver’s statement in line 3, if read correctly. One shekel of silver is a relatively low purchase price of a slave relative to the Ur III slave prices that were compiled by Steinkeller (Steinkeller, 1989, 136–137 (tables 7–10)). No male slave is sold at this amount, and female slaves are sold at this amount in only a few instances. Dialogues and Diatribes 5.4.1) Dialogue 1 (Two Scribes) 22 32) N 2647 + N 3087 Description : Central fragment of an imgida, obverse and reverse preserved. Obverse almost completely effaced (not copied). Dimensions: 5.5 × 5.0 × 3.0 cm Text: Dialogue 1 105, 109–113 –––––––––––––––––––––– 21 See the discussion of Meeks / Favard-Meeks, 1996, 57 and n. 22, with further references. I thank Vanessa Smith and Josh Roberson for their input in this matter. 22 The line numeration here follows an unpublished score of Miguel Civil. 2010] Sumerian Literary Fragments in the University Museum, Philadelphia II 23 33) UM 29-16-750 Description : Bottom edge fragment of an imgida, obverse and reverse preserved. The reverse(?) of this fragment is badly damaged and almost entirely illegible (not copied). Dimensions: 4.6 × 5.8 × 2.5 cm Text: Dialogue 1 130–133 obv. 1’ = 130 2’ = 131 3’ = 132 4’ = 133 [ki-ma-an]-ze 2 -er lu 2 -kal-la [nu -zu] [ur-sag̃ g ]ub -b e 2 šu -bi- še 3 [ la 2 -a] [i 3 -gub n]u-mu -un-ge-[en ] / [i 3 -tu ]š li -b[i 2 -in -sag 9 ] [i 3 -šid ba-e-ul 4 ]- e i 3 -s[ar] / (illegible traces) 5.4.5) Dialogue 5 (Two Women B) 23 34) N 4656 Description : Central fragment of an imgida, obverse and reverse preserved. Surface is highly worn and partially illegible (not copied) Dimensions: 5.0 × 2.3 × 2.9 cm Text: Dialogue 5, 9–12, 29, 28, 30–31 Join : N 3141 (+) N 3066 This source appears to uniquely switch lines 28 and 29 against the other extant manuscripts. Presumably, the temporal interjection that is advanced in other manuscripts in line 28 was advanced in conjunction with line 29 in this manuscript. This difference would not signiﬁcantly alter the course of the narrative, as the behaviors reﬂected by the verbs šeš 4 and su (b ) can be roughly synonymous. 35) N 3559 Description : Right edge fragment, one side only preserved. Dimensions: 3.5 × 2.9 × 1.1 cm Text: Dialogue 5, 63–67 –––––––––––––––––––––– 23 The line numeration here follows an unpublished score of Miguel Civil. 24 J. Peterson [UF 42 5.4.11) Engardug Diatribe24 36) CBS 2186 Description : Right edge fragment of an imgida, obverse and reverse preserved. Dimensions: 4.8 × 3.5 × 2.2 cm Text: Engardug Diatribe 7–9, 15–17 Join : CBS 2331 (JCS 24 118) obverse reverse This join demonstrates that Sjöberg’s identiﬁcation of the obverse and reverse of CBS 233125 should be switched. In the second half of line 8, the exemplar diverges signiﬁcantly from the unpublished version from Isin-Bahriyat IB 1296,26 as is presumably reﬂected in the ETCSL edition of this text: lu 2 ezen nu ? [tuš ? ša] ? lu - u-um-ma su 3 -[ ...] / gu 2 x gal-la gid 2 -gid 2 . –––––––––––––––––––––– 24 The line numeration here follows ETCSL 5.4.11. 25 Sjöberg, 1972, 107 26 For IB 1296, see the catalog of Walker / Wilcke, 1981, 92. 2010] Sumerian Literary Fragments in the University Museum, Philadelphia II 25 Songs and Related Compositions 5.5.2) Nannag̃u Elegy 27 37) UM 29-15-600 (NABU 2009, no 17) Description : Almost entirely intact one column extract in landscape format, obverse and reverse preserved. The surface of this manuscript is highly worn in many places, primarily due to pressure. Dimensions: 4.8 × 6.3 × 1.6 cm Text: Nannag̃u Elegy 48–54, 3 additional lines For this source, see Peterson, 2009. It diverges signiﬁcantly from the only other available source for these lines that is currently known to me, the Pushkin Museum tablet G.1.2.b.1725 (Kramer, 1960). obverse obverse 1 = 48 2 = 49 3 = 50 4 = 51 5 = 52 6 = 53 7 = 54 8 = 54a [a-n]a-am3 in- gu7 -uš bi2-in-K[A/KA×X ...] a - na -am3 in-x-eš en3 bi2-tar-ra-k[am] lal 3 i 3 -nun - ta in - g u 7 ? tu m 2 -tum 2 -mu-[...] g̃iš banšur x x x nu -mu-da-i[l 2 ? ...] ir 2 im - g̃a 2 -g̃a 2 -ne ir 2 [...] x -a-kam im-sig 7 -sig 7 -ge-ne k i a g̃ 2 [ x/0 ] gu 2 -b i gi 4 -a-kam [ še] ur 5 GAM-ma- gin 7 sa g̃ ba -ab -GAM(erasure: kam) [ sila 4 ? ] u 8 -e kud -ra 2 -g in 7 KA×X-za ? nu -gu l- lu -ne –––––––––––––––––––––– 27 The line numeration here follows ETCSL 5.5.2. 26 J. Peterson [UF 42 reverse reverse 9 = 54b ab 2 -šilam [a]mar-bi (erasure: amar-bi) tak 4 -a-gin 7 /edin ta nu-u m- g̃en -na 10 = 54c še šag 4 -ne-ša 4 x x im -DU-DU- ne (ruling) x 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 54a 54b 54c “What did they eat? ? ” (asks) the ... ? “What did they drink? ? ” (asks) ‘the inquirer.’ The honey and ghee that (they) ate having been taken away, The table ... was not set up They shed tears, tears of compassion They wailed? with overﬂowing love They bent their heads over like over ripened grain Like a lamb separated from its ewe, they did not restrain their bleating? Like a cow having abandoned its calf, (they) did not come from the steppe ... Commentary 2 = 49: I understand the apparent genitive and enclitic that are afﬁxed to the nominalized ﬁnite verb as a means of attributing a quote in this context. Perhaps a parallel construction obtained for line 48 as well. 6 = 53 : The root sig 7 here may reﬂect a condensation of the expression sig 7 sig 7 ... g̃ar. For a recent interpretation of this expression as an onomatope, see George, 2001. 7 = 54: For the expression u r 5 ... gur 2 and variants, which was used to de- 2010] Sumerian Literary Fragments in the University Museum, Philadelphia II 27 scribe overripe barley that was beginning to bend over, see Civil, 1994, 89, who cites the current context as it occurs on the Pushkin Museum exemplar. 16 = 54a: This approximate phrase is attested via simile in the Nin ursag̃ eršema BM 98396 8–9 (Kramer, 1982, 142). Here, however, separation is expressed via the locative-terminative sufﬁx -e. KA×X-za is difﬁcult to explain, but since the second person is not likely to be involved here, za may reﬂect a relatively unique non-ﬁnite form of the ideophone construction C1uC1aC2 ... za. Wisdom Literature and Other Compositions 5.6.1) Instructions of Šuruppak 28 38) 3N-T 906, 237 (SLFN 85) Description : Central fragment of a two or multi-column tablet, obverse only preserved. Dimensions: 3.5 × 3.6 × 1.8 cm Text: Instructions of Šuruppak 158–164, 190–193 39) unnumbered Description : Central fragment of an imgida, obverse only preserved. Dimensions: 1.4 × 2.1 × 0.5 cm Text: Instructions of Šuruppak 166–169 Join : CBS 4611 (PBS 10/1 4, Alster, 2005, pl. 22) 40) unnumbered Description : Top edge fragment, one side preserved. This fragment is unbaked. Dimensions: 2.9 × 4.0 × 1.3 cm Text: Instructions of Šuruppak 168–173 –––––––––––––––––––––– 28 The line numeration here follows Alster, 2005, 31f. 28 J. Peterson [UF 42 41) N 852 Description : Bottom edge fragment of an imgida, reverse only preserved. Dimensions: 2.0 × 3.1 × 2.1 cm Text: Instructions of Šuruppak 177–178 Join : UM 29-16-9 (Alster, 1974, pl. 3–4, Alster, 2005, pl. 17–18) 42) N 2739 Description : Right edge fragment of an imgida, obverse and reverse preserved. The fragment is partially effaced (not copied). Dimensions: 6.5 × 1.5 × 2.7 cm Text: Instructions of Šuruppak 213–223, 252 Join : CBS 2203 + CBS 13107 (Alster, 1974, 145) + N 2487 43) N 4770 + N 6641 Description: Central fragment, one side only preserved. The surface of the fragment is highly worn (not copied). Dimensions: 5.4 × 4.7 × 2.0 cm Text: Instructions of Šuruppak 215–225 1’ 2’ 3’ 4’ 5’ 6’ 7’ 8’ 9’ 10’ 11’ [...] zi gan a 2 [ ...] [...]-ka [anš]e na -[...] [... g ]u 7 anše - da im -da-[...] [... lu ]l- la gu 2 -tar im -[...] [...] (two or more illegible signs) zag -si mu -u[n ...] [... g̃a]l 2 - e e 2 du r 2 - bi mu -[...] [...] n a 8 - na 8 - e bu ru 1 4 im - su - su -[...] [... ŠU]. KU6 g̃iškun 5 lu 2 [ min]- e x x [...] [...]- ib -d al- d al -[...] [...] [...]- ni ? - ib ? -[ ...] 2010] Sumerian Literary Fragments in the University Museum, Philadelphia II 44) N 7301 Description : Surface fragment of an imgida, one side only preserved. Dimensions: 2.5 × 1.1 × 0.4 cm Text: Instructions of Šuruppak 224–227 45) N 2487 Description : Central fragment of an imgida, obverse only preserved. Dimensions: 3.3 × 5.2 × 1.9 cm Text: Instructions of Šuruppak 226–229 Join : CBS 2203 + CBS 13107 (Alster, 1974, 145) + N 2739 5.6.3) Farmer’s Instructions 29 46) N 6899 Description : Right edge fragment of an imgida, obverse and right side preserved. Dimensions: 2.2 × 1.5 × 1.9 cm Text: Farmer’s Instructions 14–18, 21 Join : CBS 14024 (Civil, 1994, pl. 2) –––––––––––––––––––––– 29 The line numeration here follows Civil, 1994. 29 30 J. Peterson [UF 42 47) 3N-T 906, 223 (SLFN 84) Description : Central right edge fragment of an imgida, obverse and reverse preserved. Text: Farmer’s Instructions 46–49, 65–71? For line 69, the verb is uniquely rendered as ba-ab -e 3 -[...], against the other sources (Civil, 1994, 218): 2N-T 279 = IM 58951 (Civil, 1994, 8, source Q), U 7790 (UET 6 172, Civil, 1994, 10, pl. 6–7, source A2), W-B 170 (OECT 1 32f., Civil, 1994, 10, pl. 9–12, source A3), which advance b a-(a)-ab -gub -ba. 48) N 2639 + N 2778 + N 2781 + N 6627 Description : Central fragment of an imgida, obverse and reverse preserved. This fragment is highly worn (not copied). The preserved surface of the reverse is blank (the entire reverse is likely to have been blank). Dimensions: 8.1 × 5.3 × 2.5 cm Text: Farmer’s Instructions 99–108 1’ = 99? 2’ = 100 3’ = 100 4’ = 101 5’ = 102 6’ = 103 [...]- ru ? -[ ...] [...]-zu A2 .[ ...] [... k]i ba-e-ni-u[ s 2 ...] [ siz]k u r 2 še nu - nir - ra [...] [... š]e al- e 1 1 - d e 3 -[...]- zu [... t]a al - gub -[ ...]- a /[...] G̃ IŠ.TUG2. PI gub -[ ba]-ab 7’ = 104 [... D]U-a 3 -am 3 a-[r]a- gu b - bu 8’ = 105 [...]- e ? -ni[ r-r]a g̃edru- še 3 [n]u 2 -a 9’ = 106 [...] g̃i 6 [... d]ug 4 - ga -ab 10’ = 107 [... a]b 11’ = 108 [... a]b tuku This extract source has, rather unexpectedly, a number of divergent spellings that are mirrored only in the Ur source U 7790 (UET 6 172, Civil, 1994, source A2). This includes the occurrence of the verb ed 3 in line 102. This represents a departure from the la2 and e3 offered by the other extant sources, which can be reconciled with the known expressions še ... la 2 and še ... e 3 , “to winnow,” see Civil, 1994, 96, 225. Likewise, the lu 2 - g̃eštug 2 - tuku that occurs in line 103 is only reﬂected in U 7790, against the genitival Auslaut spelling lu 2 g̃eštug 2 -ga/ka of the other sources. 2010] Sumerian Literary Fragments in the University Museum, Philadelphia II 31 5.6.5) Three Ox Drivers from Adab 30 49) UM 29-16-719 Description : Bottom edge fragment of a lenticular tablet, obverse only preserved. Dimensions: 5.5 × 6.4 × 2.6 cm Text: Three Ox Drivers from Adab 10 or 25 Other sources for this text31 include AO 7739 (TCL 16 80) (+) AO 8149 (TCL 16 83), which Cavigneaux suggests may in fact be Middle Babylonian in date, despite its colophon containing Ammi-ṣaduqa year 8,32 and CBS 1601, an unprovenienced text from the Khabaza collection. The presence of this composition on a lenticular tablet demonstrates that this composition was known in the Old Babylonian period and utilized in the OB scribal curriculum at Nippur.33 –––––––––––––––––––––– 30 The line numeration here follows Alster, 1991–1993. 31 See Alster, 1991–1993, 27f., and Alster, 2005, 373. 32 Cavigneaux, 1987, 51–52. See also Alster, 1991–1993, 27. 33 For additional OB Sumerian literary compositions that are attested on lenticular tablets, see the catalog of Falkowitz, 1983–1984. These compositions have a signiﬁcant but by no means exact correspondence to compositions that are found on type II tablets, see, for example, the compilation and discussion of Veldhuis, 1997, 65f., and Tinney, 1999, 167. 32 J. Peterson [UF 42 Various Compositions 5.7.8) Nothing is Precious 34 50) N 5687 (Gordon, 1959, pl. 11, AfO 29/30 34) Description : Right half of a lenticular tablet. Dimensions: 6.7 × 5.5 × 2.5 cm Text: Nothing is Precious 1 (or Instructions of Šuruppak 252) The second sign in the ﬁrst line is clearly n [am]. Thus, this lenticular tablet, which was previously identiﬁed as Proverb Collection 1.41 or 42,35 contains the opening line of Nothing is Precious, which is also reﬂected by Instructions of Šuruppak 252. 51) N 6693 Description : Central surface fragment, one side preserved. Dimensions: 2.4 × 2.8 × 1.2 cm Text: Nothing is Precious version D 7–10 5.7.a) Minor Composition 5 (Announcement of a Lost Seal or Document)36 52) UM 29-13-503 Description : Large piece of an imgida. The obverse, reverse, and left, top and bottom edges are preserved (not copied). Dimensions: 6.8 × 5.0 × 2.4 cm Text: Minor Composition 5 1–12 –––––––––––––––––––––– 34 The line numeration here follows Alster, 2005, 275f. 35 See Gordon, 1959, 34, Falkowitz, 1983–1984, 34, Alster, 1997, 4 36 The line numeration here follows Ali, 1964, 113–116. For additional sources for this text, the argument for the reading kicib, “cylinder seal” in line 1, and the likely Ur III origin of the text, see Spada, 2011, 238–239, with further citation. 2010] Sumerian Literary Fragments in the University Museum, Philadelphia II 33 obverse 1 [DUB mu -sar-ra ur-š]u l ? dam-[ g ar 3 -ra] / u 2 ? - gu b[a] ? an ? -[de 2 ] 2 in im ? p u -u 2 -r[u-um- ma-ta] 3 ni g̃ir-e si[la-sila-a] /si gu 3 [...-ra] 4 lu 2 na-[ me ni g̃-na-me ugu-na li-bi 2 -...] 5 DIŠLu 2 - d EN .[ZU šagina] 6 DIŠLugal-m[ e-lam 2 ensi 2 sa g̃a] 7 DIŠZu-z[u um-mi-a] 8 DIŠSi- du 3 [dub-sar] 9 DIŠA[D?-LUL ag rig ] reverse 10 (illegible traces) [...] 11 DIŠUl-li 2 -a a -[ za-nu ] 12 ni g̃ir lu 2 -inim- ma x [...] (double ruling) 9) Some variance among extant sources for this text is observed in conjunction with this personal name: DIŠ AD -LUL: CBS 10346 obv. 9’, Al ? -lu 5 : CBS 2231 (PBS 5 65) + UM 29-15-384 rev. i’ 13’, DIŠ Al-lu 5 : Ni 3023 (SLTNi 131) + Ni 4144 (ISET 2 123) + Ni 4452 (ISET 2 121) + Ni 4473 (ISET 2 22) + Ni 4483 (ISET 1 101 (pg. 159)) + Ni 4484 (ISET 1 67 (pg. 125))37. The orthography al-lu 5 presumably reﬂects the identically spelled faunal term that perhaps pertains to a type of crustacean such as the crab or crayﬁsh.38 The orthography AD-LUL, which is deﬁnitely present in CBS 10346 and may also occur in UM 29-13-503,39 with the possible occurrence in two sources reducing the likelihood that it was a spurious and isolated error, should reﬂect a separate name. This exemplar advances this short text individually, as appears to be the case as well with the unpublished imgida fragment CBS 10346.40 –––––––––––––––––––––– 37 For these joins, see Civil, 1972, 89–90, Civil, 2006, 123–124. 38 For the identiﬁcation of this faunal term, see, for example, the remarks of Alster, 2006, 21–22, and Peterson, 2007, 50–51 n. 119, and for the vocalization of the faunal term, see Attinger, 2005, 271. 39 The angularity of the ﬁrst half of the broken sign would seem to favor the AL sign : however, the sign seems to resume with horizontals before the break, which is more consistent with the AD sign. 40 This exemplar was identiﬁed by Civil (Civil, 1972, 90). 34 J. Peterson [UF 42 5.9.2) Heron and Turtle 41 53) N 6741 Description : Central surface fragment of an imgida, reverse only preserved. Dimensions: 2.8 × 3.3 × 0.8 cm Text: Heron and Turtle 39–43 Join : N 3072 (AfO 24 51, source F,42 Peterson, 2007, 293, source NIII-2) This fragment, along with the unpublished source Ni 2526,43 veriﬁes the presence of an additional line in the refrain ending with the expression nunu z k i ... tag “to lay eggs,” within various geographic locations that occurs in lines 81– 88:44 [... g̃iš-g]i-a nun uz ki [ba]-ni-i[n-tag] “in the reedbed, he laid eggs.” The restoration of the term g̃iš-gi, “reed bed” is probable: here and elsewhere in this text, g̃iš-gi seems to describe the collective whole of all of the various marshlands described in the geographical litany and is invoked in the introduction as the witness to the events that occur in the text. –––––––––––––––––––––– 41 The line numeration here follows Peterson, 2007, 269f. 42 This piece is entered there incorrectly as N 3073. 43 The contents of this piece were available to me only via the unpublished transliteration of Kramer. 44 This section partially parallels lines 1–9, which features the concluding exclamation m u 2 - a - b i d u g 3 - g a , “its growth is good !” 2010] Sumerian Literary Fragments in the University Museum, Philadelphia II 35 Index of Museum Numbers Museum No Article Joins No CBS 2186 CBS 6833 + N 2509 36 31 CBS 10312 N 852 11 41 N 1072 + N 1073 + N 1076 + N 1077 + N 1078 + N 1079 + N 1080 + N 1081 + N 1082 + N 1085 + N 1088 + N 1090 + N 6965 N 1884 N 2487 15 N 2626 N 2639 + N 2778 + N 2781 + N 6627 N 2647 + N 3087 N 2739 7 48 N 3133 26 N 3249 + N 5814 N 3559 N 3714 N 4360 N 4361 N 4362 N 4656 N 4770 + N 6641 N 4882 N 5500 3 35 22 8 25 14 34 43 5 24 N 5687 (Gordon, 1959, pl. 11) N 5752 N 5811 N 6468 10 45 32 42 50 9 1 2 Contents CBS 2331(JCS 24 118) Engardug Diatribe 7–9, 15–17 Silver and Copper: section preceding segment E, segment E 1–6, segment following segment E Eduba B 32–34, 37–41 UM 29-16-9 (Alster, Instructions of Šuruppak 177–178 1974, pl. 3–4, Alster, 2005, pl. 17–18) N 1071 (+) N 1074 + Eduba C 6–17 N 1075 + N 1159 CBS 2203 + CBS 13107 (Alster, 1974, 145) + N 2739 Eduba B 23–29, 32–42 Instructions of Šuruppak 226–229 Eduba B 1–5 Farmer’s Instructions 99–108 Dialogue 1 105, 109–113 CBS 2203 + CBS Instructions of Šuruppak 213–223, 252 13107 (Alster, 1974, 145) + N 2487 CBS 6983 (SEM 54) Sheep and Grain 186–190 + CBS 11085 + CBS 15303 * N 6279 N 3237 (+) N 6468 Eduba A 5–11 Dialogue 5 63–67 Hoe and Plow 57–60, 107–109 N 6357 Eduba B 1–4, 41–44, 45–48 Sheep and Grain 156–161 Eduba B 127–132 N 3141 (+) N 3066 Dialogue 5 9–12, 29, 28, 30–31 Instructions of Šuruppak 215–225 Eduba A 56–60 Hoe and Plow 120-126, two extra lines, 127–134 Nothing is Precious 1 or Instructions of Šuruppak 252 N 5700 + N 7626 Eduba B 16–21, 70 (JCS 25 164) Eduba A 1–7 (+) 3237 + N 3249 + Eduba A 1–4 N 5814 36 J. Peterson N 6579 N 6587 30 20 N 6693 N 6741 N 6899 51 53 46 N 7049 28 N 7252 19 N 7301 N 7437 44 12 N 7439 N 7447 16 29 N 7474 21 N 7681 18 N 7703 + N 7715 17 UM 29-13-503 52 UM 29-15-600 37 (NABU 2009, No 17) UM 29-16-719 49 UM 29-16-750 33 3N-T 902, 80 27 (SLFN 82) 3N-T 904, 149 13 (SLFN 70) 3N-T 905, 217 4 (SLFN 84) 3N-T 906, 223 47 (SLFN 84) 3N-T 906, 237 38 (SLFN 85) 3N-T 906, 251 23 (SLFN 85) 3N-T 907, 278 6 (SLFN 86) unnumbered 39 unnumbered 40 CBS 8321 (STVC 2) + N 3151 + N 7681 (+) N 7252? N 3072 CBS 14024 (Civil, 1994, pl. 2) N 2192 + N 3747 + N 4116 + N 7848 + Ni 4472 (ISET 2 76) (+) CBS 8321 (STVC 2) + N 3151 + N 6587+ N 7681? [UF 42 Bird and Fish 95–99 Man and God 123–125 Nothing is Precious version D 7–10 Heron and Turtle 39–43 Farmer’s Instructions 14–18, 21 Bird and Fish 60-65 Man and God 26-29 Instructions of Šuruppak 224–227 N 3421 (JCS 25 164) Eduba B 33?–40, 68–72 + N 3432 (JCS 25 167) + N 3470 (JCS 25 151) Eduba C 8–14 N 1784 + N 4514 + Bird and Fish 81–85 N 7017 (+) N 1750 UM 29-16-186 + Hoe and Plow 41–46 N 1585 + N 7143 CBS 8321 (STVC 2) Man and God 23–28 + N 3151 + N 6587 (+) N 7252? CBS 15211 Eduba C 34–36 Minor Composition 5 1–12 Nannag̃u Elegy 48–54, 3 extra lines 3 Ox Drivers from Adab 10 or 25 Dialogue 1 130–133 Summer and Winter 296–299 3N-T 902, 82 (SLFN 69) Eduba B 126–128, 130–133 Eduba A 54–57, 76–81 Farmer’s Instructions 46–49, 65–71? Instructions of Šuruppak 158–164, 190–193 Hoe and Plow 101–104 Eduba A 59–64 CBS 4611 (PBS 10/1 Instructions of Šuruppak 166–169 4) Instructions of Šuruppak 168–173 2010] Sumerian Literary Fragments in the University Museum, Philadelphia II 37 Bibliography Ali, F., 1964: Sumerian Letters: Two Collections from the Old Babylonian Schools. PhD Thesis, University of Pennsylvania. Alster, B., 1974: The Instructions of Shuruppak : A Sumerian Proverb Collection. Mesopotamia. Copenhagen Studies in Assyriology 2. Copenhagen, Akademisk Forlag. — 1991–1993 : The Sumerian Folktale of the Three Ox-Drivers from Adab. JCS 43, 27–38. — 1997: Proverbs of Ancient Sumer. Bethesda, CDL Press. — 2005: Wisdom of Ancient Sumer. Bethesda, CDL Press. — 2006: New Sources for Dumuzi’s Dream. ZA 96, 1–30. Alster, B. / Vanstiphout, H., 1987: Lahar and Ashnan : Presentation and Analysis of a Sumerian Disputation. ASJ 9, 1–43. Attinger, P., 2005 : A propos de AK «faire» (II). ZA 95, 208–275. — 2010/2011: La houe et l’araire (5.3.1). Online publication : www.arch.unibe. ch/attinger. Attinger, P. / Krebernik, M., 2005: L’Hymne a endursag̃a ( endursag̃a A). In R. Rollinger (ed.): Von Sumer bis Homer: Festschrift für Manfred Schretter. AOAT 325. Münster, Ugarit Verlag. Pp. 21–104. Civil, M., 1966: Notes on Sumerian Lexicography I. JCS 20, 119–124. — 1972: Supplement to the Introduction to ISET I. OrNS 41, 83–90. — 1987: Sumerian Riddles: a Corpus. AuOr 5, 17–37. — 1994: The Farmer’s Instructions: A Sumerian Agricultural Manual. AuOr Supplementa 5. Barcelona, Editorial AUSA. — 2006: The Song of the Millstone. In G. Olmo Lete et al. (eds.): Šapal tibnim mû illakū : Studies Presented to Joaquín Sanmartín. AuOr Supplementa 22. Barcelona, Editorial AUSA. Pp. 121–135. Falkowitz, R., 1983–1984 : Round Old Babylonian School Tablets from Nippur. AfO 29–30, 19–45. George, A., 2001 : How Women Weep? Reﬂections on a Passage of Bilgames and the Bull of Heaven. In S. Parpola / R. M. Whiting (eds.): Sex and Gender in the Ancient Near East (RAI 47). Helsinki, Neo-Assyrian Text Corpus Project. Pp. 141–150. Gordon, E. I., 1959: Sumerian Proverbs: Glimpses of Everyday Life in Ancient Mesopotamia. Philadelphia, University Museum. Gragg, G., 1973: The Fable of the Heron and the Turtle. AfO 24, 51–72. Karahashi, F., 2000 : Sumerian Compound Verbs with Body-Part Terms. PhD Thesis, University of Chicago. Klein, J. 2006 : Man and His God : A Wisdom Poem or a Cultic Lament? In P. Michalowski / N. Veldhuis (eds.): Approaches to Sumerian Literature: Studies in Honour of Stip (H. L. J. Vanstiphout). CM 25. Leiden, E. J. Brill. Pp. 123–143. Kramer, S. N., 1949 : Schooldays: A Sumerian Composition Relating to the Education of a Scribe. JAOS 69, 199–215. 38 J. Peterson [UF 42 — 1960: Two Elegies on a Pushkin Museum Tablet : A New Sumerian Literary Genre. Moscow, Oriental Literature Publishing House. — 1982: BM 98396 : A Sumerian Prototype of the mater-dolorosa. Eretz Israel 16 (H. M. Orlinsky Volume). Jerusalem, Israel Exploration Society. Pp. 141– 146. Meeks, D. / Favard-Meeks, C., 1996 : Daily Life of the Egyptian Gods. Ithaca, Cornell University Press. Peterson, J., 2007 : A Study of Sumerian Faunal Conception with a Focus on the Terms Pertaining to the Order Testudines. PhD Thesis, University of Pennsylvania. — 2009: A New Manuscript of the Nannaia Elegy (First Pushkin Elegy). NABU no 17, p. 23. Selz, G. 1997: The Holy Drum, the Spear, and the Harp : towards an Understanding of the Problems of Deiﬁcation in Third Millennium Mesopotamia. In I. L. Finkel / M. J. Geller (eds.): Sumerian Gods and their Representations. CM 7. Groningen, Styx Publications. Pp. 167–213. Sjöberg, Å., 1972 : “He is a Good Seed of a Dog” and “Engardu, the Fool.” JCS 24, 107–118. — 1973: Die Vater und sein missratener Sohn. JCS 25, 105–169. — 1993: CBS 11319+: An Old-Babylonian Schooltext from Nippur. ZA 83, 1– 21. — 1998: Sumerian Texts and Fragments in the University of Pennsylvania Museum Related to Rulers of Isin. In M. Dietrich / O. Loretz (eds.): dub sar an ta-men : Studien zur Altorientalistik : Festschrift für Willem H. Ph. Römer. AOAT 253. Münster, Ugarit Verlag. Pp. 345–378. Spada, G., 2011: A Handbook from the Edubaˀa: An Old Babylonian Collection of Model Contracts. ZA 101, 204–245. Steinkeller, P., 1989 : Sale Documents of the Ur-III Period. FAOS 17. Stuttgart, Franz Steiner Verlag. Tinney, S., 1999 : On the Curricular Setting of Sumerian Literature. Iraq 41, 159–172. Veldhuis, N., 1997: Elementary Education at Nippur. PhD thesis, Groningen. Volk, K. 1996 : Methoden altmesopotamischer Erziehung nach Quellen der altbabylonischen Zeit. Saeculum 47, 178–216. Walker, C. / Wilcke, C. 1981: Preliminary Report on the Inscriptions, Autumn 1975, Spring 1977, Autumn 1978. In B. Hrouda (ed.): Isin-Išīn Ba–riyīt II: Die Ergebnisse der Ausgrabungen 1975–1978. Munich, Verlag der bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Pp. 91–102. Wiggermann, F. 1992 : Mesopotamian Protective Spirits: The Ritual Texts. MC 1. Groningen, Styx Publications.

RELATED PAPERS

RELATED TOPICS

Log In

Sumerian Literary Fragments in the University Museum, Philadelphia II: Eduba Compositions, Debate Poems, Diatribes, Elegies, Wisdom Literature, and Other Compositions (UF 42 535-572)

Sumerian Literary Fragments in the University Museum, Philadelphia II: Eduba Compositions, Debate Poems, Diatribes, Elegies, Wisdom Literature, and Other Compositions (UF 42 535-572)

Related Papers

RELATED PAPERS

RELATED TOPICS