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2023, ACM Journal on Computing and Cultural Heritage
The architectural complex of the al-Madrasa al-Halawiyya in Aleppo, Syria, remains one of the most remarkable monuments in the centuries-old city. First founded as the Church of St. Helen in the 6th century to serve as the Cathedral of Byzantine Aleppo, the structure preserves evidence of a complicated building history. For example, the Cathedral was converted into a mosque in 1124; later, parts of the church were integrated into a Madrassa. More recently, damage to the structure due to the war revealed information about Byzantine building methods. This research revisits the building history of the monument by relying on a parametric, Building Information Modelling (BIM) representation to compare the surviving structure with earlier reconstructions. This article addresses the following: (1) A survey of the building's history, topography, and architecture: Over the centuries, al-Madrasa al-Halawiyya has attracted Medieval monks, travellers, brigands, scholars, and more. Their accounts offer exciting opportunities to contextualise structural and functional changes to the complex. (2) An analysis of the historical structure, especially from the Byzantine period: The presented three-dimensional (3D) documentation of the site focused on historical transformations, which the authors then traced and compared by means of BIM to reconstructions proposed by Samuel Guyer (1911) and Michel Écochard (1950). This research demonstrates how a hybrid methodology can be used to establish building phases for comparison with historical and scholarly accounts, revealing new knowledge about building techniques and processes. The presented work started with a field survey of the monument, which was used to generate a hybrid 3D point cloud. Using the point cloud, the Byzantine church was virtually reconstructed and several construction phases were identified. At the same time, Heritage-BIM models were created based on the work of Guyer and Écochard. Finally, the Guyer and Écochard models were compared with the proposed Byzantine reconstruction and point cloud.
2017 •
The new era of designing in architecture and civil engineering applications lies in the Building Information Modeling (BIM) approach, based on a 3D geometric model including a 3D database. This is easier for new constructions whereas, when dealing with existing buildings, the creation of the BIM is based on the accurate knowledge of the as-built construction. Such a condition is allowed by a 3D survey, often carried out with laser scanning technology or modern photogrammetry, which are able to guarantee an adequate points cloud in terms of resolution and completeness by balancing both time consuming and costs with respect to the request of final accuracy. The BIM approach for existing buildings and even more for historical buildings is not yet a well known and deeply discussed process. There are still several choices to be addressed in the process from the survey to the model and critical issues to be discussed in the modeling step, particularly when dealing with unconventional elements such as deformed geometries or historical elements. The paper describes a comprehensive workflow that goes through the survey and the modeling, allowing to focus on critical issues and key points to obtain a reliable BIM of an existing monument. The case study employed to illustrate the workflow is the Basilica of St. Stefano in Bologna (Italy), a large monumental complex with great religious, historical and architectural assets.
International Journal of Architectural Heritage
A Framework for Using Point Cloud Data of Heritage Buildings Toward Geometry Modeling in A BIM Context: A Case Study on Santa Maria La Real De Mave ChurchThe International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences
From Scan-To-Bim to Heritage Building Information Modelling for an Ancient Arab-Norman ChurchInterCarto,InterGIS
STRUCTURE FROM MOTION TECHNOLOGY FOR HISTORIC BUILDING INFORMATION MODELING OF TORON FORTRESS (LEBANON2019 •
Structure from motion (SFM) algorithms greatly facilitates the production of detailed 3D models from photographs we applied this technology for the purposes of Building Information Modeling (BIM) of a historic fortress in Lebanon. Aerial and terrestrial imagery processed in SFM-based software for exterior and interior 3D modeling of the fortress. In this paper, we applied new geospatial technologies, aerial and terrestrial photogrammetry for Historic Building Information Modeling HBIM database construction. The UAV used for aerial photogrammetry, a DJI Phantom 4 pro with a camera of 20 megapixels for building facades capturing and a DSLR camera for the terrestrial photogrammetry inside the fortress. Aerial and terrestrial images processed in Agisoft Photoscan for the construction of Toron fortress HBIM of a block Geographical Information System constituted from points cloud, Digital Surface Models (DSM) and Digital Ortho Models (DOM). HBIM is a novel prototype library of parametric objects, based on historic architectural and archeological data and a system for mapping parametric objects on to point clouds database. As a result, the production of Toron fortress HBIM database containing Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and Computer Aided Design (CAD) features and entities in the form of sections plans and 3D models for both the analysis and conservation of historic objects, structures, and environments. INTRODUCTION The terms heritage BIM, Historic Building Information Modelling, HBIM will be used throughout this publication when referring to any use of BIM for heritage and archaeology. Nowadays, information about historic buildings and archaeological sites is not only represented as, reports, drawings, computer-aided design in CAD; 2D or 3D, but with new geospatial technologies datasets as point clouds, 3D triangulated irregular networks (TIN), Digital Surface Models (DSM) and Digital Ortho Models (DOM). Unfortunately, geospatial technologies still unknown and inapplicable from a huge number of architects and archeologists and till now it is not added to academicals educational courses. Only organizations dealing with a large portfolio of historic assets are using different types of geospatial systems such as asset management system, facilities management system and geographical information system (GIS). As HBIM is capable of incorporating both qualitative and quantitative information about a built asset to represent physical and functional characteristics, which could be integrated into a 3D model allowing information extraction. By incorporating high-quality digital survey datasets, HBIM represents the appearance of the existing historic fabric and allows the exploration and complex analysis of several applications such as conservation planning, maintenance, heritage management, and interpretation. The advantages of 3D geospatial dataset like point clouds for HBIM are significant because of their large volumes and high-resolution gives the possibility to generate realistic 3D models.
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONTEMPORARY THEORY AND PRACTICE IN CONSTRUCTION XV (PROCEEDINGS)
GEOMATIC DATA FOR HISTORIC BUILDINGS. THE CASE STUDY OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH OF ST. LUKE IN ATHENS, GREECE2022 •
The application of contemporary methods, tools and the equipment to produce technical documentation for heritage buildings is a cuttingedge topic that brings together engineers from various fields of technical sciences. Focusing on one specific heritage example, that is the church of St. Luke in Athens, this paper explains entire methodological process of generating the data on physical characteristics of architectural objects by combining several geo-spatial methods and techniques. The final product is the spatial model of church building, formed from generated point cloud. The model represents a basis from which different forms of technical documentation can be produced, from layouts and elevations, to sections, to details, to 3D representations.
Technical Annals
Documentation of Historic Buildings For Their 3D Reconstruction In A Digital Cultural Heritage Management SystemBeing at the crossway of trade routes, Ioannina, in northwestern Greece, has known overtime an economic and spiritual flourishment reflected in the city's urban web, which has, unfortunately, undergone major alterations. Focusing on the city's Post-Byzantine period, starting in 1430, for tracing its pluralistic physiognomy, studying the osmosis of its three cultures, Christian, Jewish and Muslim, and figuring out the related cultural palimpsest, still surviv-ing in the collective memory of the city, has been the great challenge of IASIS Postdoctoral Research Project.1 Extensive documentation of various origin, dynamic and combined interpreta-tion and processing of multiple data, cross-checking of the detected infor-mation, have formed the basic principles of IASIS project development. The specific paper forms the first part of Hagia Paraskevi Christian Byzantine Monastery-Namaz Giyah Muslim Mosque-Perifereia Hellenic State Adminis-trative Building cultural landmarks’ integra...
The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences
Analytical Representation of Architectural Built Heritage. A Sketch-To-Bim Approach2022 •
ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing
Historic Building Information Modelling – Adding intelligence to laser and image based surveys of European classical architecture2013 •
The project involves architecture, archaeology, restoration, graphic documentation and computer imaging. The objective is development of a method for documentation of an architectural feature, based on a three-dimensional model obtained through laser scanning technologies, linked to a database developed in GIS environment. The case study concerns a short section of Rome's Aurelian walls, including the Porta Latina. The city walls are Rome's largest single architectural monument, subject to continuous deterioration, modification and maintenance since their original construction beginning in 271 AD. The documentation system provides a flexible, precise and easily-applied instrument for recording the full appearance, materials, stratification palimpsest and conservation status, in order to identify restoration criteria and intervention priorities, and to monitor and control the use and conservation of the walls over time. The project began with an analysis and documentation campaign integrating direct, traditional recording methods with indirect, topographic instrument and 3D laser scanning recording. These recording systems permitted development of a geographic information system based on three-dimensional modelling of separate, individual elements, linked to a database and related to the various stratigraphic horizons, the construction techniques, the component materials and their state of degradation. The investigations of the extant wall fabric were further compared to historic documentation, from both graphic and descriptive sources. The resulting model constitutes the core of the GIS system for this specific monument. The methodology is notable for its low cost, precision, practicality and thoroughness, and can be applied to the entire Aurelian wall and to other monuments.
The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences
3D Geomatics Techniques for an Integrated Approach to Cultural Heritage Knowledge: The Case of San Michele in Acerboli’s Church in Santarcangelo DI Romagna2017 •
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